Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

1. A.
   Reimer-Tiemann reaction
2. B.
   Wolff-Kishner reduction
3. C.
   Aldol condensation
4. D.
   Stephen reaction

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1. A.
   $\mathrm{CH_3 - \underset{\mathrm{OH}}{\underset{|}{\mathrm{CH}}} - CH_2 - \underset{\mathrm{O}}{\underset{\|}{\mathrm{C}}} - O - CH_3}$
2. B.
   $\mathrm{CH_3 - \underset{\mathrm{O}}{\underset{\|}{\mathrm{C}}} - CH_2 - CH_2 - OH}$
3. C.
   $\mathrm{CH_3 - \underset{\mathrm{OH}}{\underset{|}{\mathrm{CH}}} - CH_2 - CH_2 - OH}$
4. D.
   $\mathrm{CH_3 - \underset{\mathrm{OH}}{\underset{|}{\mathrm{CH}}} - CH_2 - COOH}$

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1. A.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
2. B.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
3. C.
   Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
4. D.
   Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

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1. A.
   catalytic hydrogenation
2. B.
   treatment with $\mathrm{LiAlH_4}$
3. C.
   treatment with PCC
4. D.
   treatment with $\mathrm{KMnO_4}$

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1. A.
   $\mathrm{CH_3-CH(CH_3)-CHO}$
2. B.
   $\mathrm{(CH_3)_3C\,CHO}$
3. C.
   $\mathrm{CH_3-CH_2-CHO}$
4. D.
   $\mathrm{CH_3-CH(CH_3)-CH(CH_3)-CHO}$

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1. A.
   $\mathrm{C_3H_7COOH}$
2. B.
   $\mathrm{C_2H_5COOH}$
3. C.
   $\mathrm{CH_3COOH}$
4. D.
   $\mathrm{C_3H_7OH}$

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1. A.
   Sodium bicarbonate test
2. B.
   Hinsberg test
3. C.
   Iodoform test
4. D.
   Lucas test

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1. A.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
2. B.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
3. C.
   Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
4. D.
   Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

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1. A.
   $p$-$\mathrm{Cl-C_6H_4COOH}$
2. B.
   $p$-$\mathrm{OH-C_6H_4COOH}$
3. C.
   $\mathrm{C_6H_5COOH}$
4. D.
   $p$-$\mathrm{NO_2-C_6H_4COOH}$

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1. A.
   $\mathrm{CH_3CHO}$
2. B.
   $\mathrm{CH_3COCH_3}$
3. C.
   $\mathrm{HCOOH}$
4. D.
   $\mathrm{CH_3COOH}$

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1. A.
   A – Methanol, B – Potassium formate
2. B.
   A – Ethanol, B – Potassium formate
3. C.
   A – Methanal, B – Ethanol
4. D.
   A – Methanol, B – Potassium acetate

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1. A.
   $\mathrm{Pd-BaSO_4}$
2. B.
   Anhydrous $\mathrm{AlCl_3}$
3. C.
   Iron (III) oxide
4. D.
   $\mathrm{HgSO_4}$

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1. A.
   benzene
2. B.
   benzoic acid
3. C.
   benzaldehyde
4. D.
   toluene

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1. A.
   $\mathrm{Cl-CH_2-COCl}$
2. B.
   $\mathrm{Cl-CH_2-COOH}$
3. C.
   $\mathrm{CH_3-COCl}$
4. D.
   $\mathrm{CCl_3-COOH}$

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1. A.
   A cyclohexane ring carrying $\mathrm{-OH}$ on one ring carbon and $\mathrm{-CHO}$ on the ring carbon para to it
2. B.
   A cyclohexane ring carrying $\mathrm{=O}$ on one ring carbon and $\mathrm{-COO^-}$ on the ring carbon para to it
3. C.
   A cyclohexane ring carrying $\mathrm{=O}$ on one ring carbon and $\mathrm{-CH_2OH}$ on the ring carbon para to it
4. D.
   A cyclohexane ring carrying $\mathrm{-OH}$ on one ring carbon and $\mathrm{-CH_2OH}$ on the ring carbon para to it

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1. A.
   1-oxobutanal-3-one
2. B.
   1-oxobutanal
3. C.
   3-oxobutanal
4. D.
   3-oxobutanone

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1. A.
   nucleophilic addition
2. B.
   electrophilic addition
3. C.
   nucleophilic substitution
4. D.
   electrophilic substitution

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1. A.
   $\mathrm{CH_3CHO}$
2. B.
   $\mathrm{CH_3COCl}$
3. C.
   $\mathrm{CH_3COCH_3}$
4. D.
   $\mathrm{CH_3COOH}$

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1. A.
   Alkene
2. B.
   Primary alcohol
3. C.
   Tertiary alcohol
4. D.
   Secondary alcohol

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1. A.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
2. B.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
3. C.
   Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
4. D.
   Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

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1. A.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
2. B.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
3. C.
   Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
4. D.
   Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

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1. A.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
2. B.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
3. C.
   Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
4. D.
   Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

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1. A.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
2. B.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
3. C.
   Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
4. D.
   Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

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1. A.
   III > II > I
2. B.
   I > II > III
3. C.
   II > III > I
4. D.
   I > III > II

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1. A.
   Pentan-3-one
2. B.
   Pentanal
3. C.
   Pentanol
4. D.
   Pentan-2-one

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1. A.
   $\mathrm{(CH_3)_2Cd}$
2. B.
   $\mathrm{CH_3MgBr}$
3. C.
   $\mathrm{CH_3Cl}$
4. D.
   $\mathrm{(CH_3O)_2Mg}$

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1. A.
   the ring bearing $\mathrm{-OH}$ and $\mathrm{-COOC_2H_5}$
2. B.
   the ring bearing $\mathrm{C=O}$ and $\mathrm{-CH_2OH}$
3. C.
   the ring bearing $\mathrm{-OH}$ and $\mathrm{-CH_2OH}$
4. D.
   the ring bearing only $\mathrm{-COOC_2H_5}$, with no oxygen on the ring