Chemistry · Textbook solutions

Amines

Every solved example, exercise, and miscellaneous question, in the order the textbook teaches them. Plus every board question asked from this chapter. · 28 questions

Worked Examples

5 q

Solved Examples

Worked · 5

Eg 9.1 $\text{NH}_3$
Eg 9.2 $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{Cl}$
Eg 9.3 $Write structures and IUPAC names of (i) the amide which gives propanamine by Hoffmann bromamide reaction. (ii) the amine produced by the Hoffmann degradation of benzamide.$
Eg 9.4 $\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NH}_2$
Eg 9.5 $How will you convert 4-nitrotoluene to 2-bromobenzoic acid?$

Intext Questions

9 q

Intext 9.1 $\text{C}_{10}\text{H}_7-\text{NH}_2$
Intext 9.2 $\text{C}_4\text{H}_{11}\text{N}$
Intext 9.3 $\text{Cl}-(\text{CH}_2)_4-\text{Cl}$
Intext 9.4 $\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{NH}_2$
Intext 9.5 $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{NH}_2 + \text{HCl} \rightarrow$
Intext 9.6 $Write reactions of the final alkylation product of aniline with excess of methyl iodide in the presence of sodium carbonate solution.$
Intext 9.7 $Write chemical reaction of aniline with benzoyl chloride and write the name of the product obtained.$
Intext 9.8 $\text{C}_3\text{H}_9\text{N}$
Intext 9.9 $Convert (i) 3-Methylaniline into 3-nitrotoluene. (ii) Aniline into 1,3,5 - tribromobenzene.$

Exercises

14 q

Ex 9.1 $(\text{CH}_3)_2\text{CHNH}_2$
Ex 9.2 $Give one chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds. (i) Methylamine and dimethylamine (ii) Secondary and tertiary amines (iii) Ethylamine and aniline (iv) Aniline and benzylamine (v) Aniline and N-methylaniline.$
Ex 9.3 $\text{p}K_b$
Ex 9.4 $\text{p}K_b$
Ex 9.5 $How will you convert: (i) Ethanoic acid into methanamine (ii) Hexanenitrile into 1-aminopentane (iii) Methanol to ethanoic acid (iv) Ethanamine into methanamine (v) Ethanoic acid into propanoic acid (vi) Methanamine into ethanamine (vii) Nitromethane into dimethylamine (viii) Propanoic acid into ethanoic acid?$
Ex 9.6 $Describe a method for the identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Also write chemical equations of the reactions involved.$
Ex 9.7 $Write short notes on the following: (i) Carbylamine reaction (ii) Diazotisation (iii) Hofmann's bromamide reaction (iv) Coupling reaction (v) Ammonolysis (vi) Acetylation (vii) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis.$
Ex 9.8 $m$
Ex 9.9 $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{I} \xrightarrow{\text{NaCN}} \text{A} \xrightarrow[\text{Partial hydrolysis}]{\overset{-}{\text{O}}\text{H}} \text{B} \xrightarrow{\text{NaOH} + \text{Br}_2} \text{C}$
Ex 9.10 $\text{Br}_2$
Ex 9.11 $\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NH}_2 + \text{CHCl}_3 + \text{alc.KOH} \rightarrow$
Ex 9.12 $Why cannot aromatic primary amines be prepared by Gabriel phthalimide synthesis?$
Ex 9.13 $Write the reactions of (i) aromatic and (ii) aliphatic primary amines with nitrous acid.$
Ex 9.14 $Give plausible explanation for each of the following: (i) Why are amines less acidic than alcohols of comparable molecular masses? (ii) Why do primary amines have higher boiling point than tertiary amines? (iii) Why are aliphatic amines stronger bases than aromatic amines?$

What the board has asked from this chapter

Questions per paper · 26 papers · 2022 to 2026

Bars average the full papers of each year. 65 further questions come from set variants and are listed below.

2026

44 q

2 $\mathrm{R-CO-NH_2}$
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Preparation of Amines
3 $The major product of carbylamine reaction is :$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
4 $Which reagent is used to distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary amines ?$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
5 $\mathrm{(C_2H_5)_2NH}$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
6 $\mathrm{CH_3 - NH_2}$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
6 $The correct formula of Hinsberg’s reagent is :$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
6 $Among the following, which is the strongest base ?$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
6 $\mathrm{C_2H_5NH_2}$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
6 $The correct order of decreasing basic strength in aqueous solution of the following is :$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
7 $\mathrm{C_2H_5NH_2}$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
7 $\mathrm{pK_b}$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
8 $\mathrm{pK_b}$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
9 $Identify the compound produced by the reduction of Ethanenitrile with Lithium aluminium hydride :$
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Preparation of Amines
10 $Aniline on direct nitration yields$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
10 $\mathrm{C_2H_5NH_2}$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
10 $\mathrm{CH_3 - NH_2}$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
11 $Which of the following reagent is used to convert benzene diazonium chloride to benzene ?$
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Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts
11 $\mathrm{pK_b}$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
12 $In the reaction of NaOBr with amide, the carbonyl carbon is lost as :$
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Preparation of Amines
12 $Benzene diazonium chloride on reaction with phenol in weakly basic medium gives :$
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Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts
12 $Benzene diazonium chloride on reaction with phenol in weakly basic medium gives$
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Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts
For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
14 $Assertion (A) : Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than those of aliphatic amines. Reason (R) : Diazonium salts of aliphatic amines undergo resonance.$
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Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts
For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
14 $Assertion (A) : Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than those of aliphatic amines. Reason (R) : Diazonium salts of aromatic amines undergo resonance.$
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Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts
For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
14 $Assertion (A) : Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are less stable than those of aliphatic amines. Reason (R) : Diazonium salts of aromatic amines undergo resonance.$
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Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts
For question number 13 to 16, two statements are given – one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below :
15 $Assertion (A) : Aromatic primary amines can be prepared by Gabriel Phthalimide synthesis. Reason (R) : Aryl halides do not undergo nucleophilic substitution with the anion formed by phthalimide.$
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Preparation of Amines
For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below :
15 $Assertion (A) : Aromatic primary amines cannot be prepared by Gabriel phthalimide synthesis. Reason (R) : Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is used for the preparation of primary aliphatic amines.$
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Preparation of Amines
For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below :
15 $Assertion (A) : Aromatic primary amines can easily be prepared by Gabriel phthalimide synthesis. Reason (R) : Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is used to prepare only aliphatic primary amines.$
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Preparation of Amines
For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below :
15 $Assertion (A) : Monobromination of aniline can be conveniently done by protecting the amino group by acetylation. Reason (R) : Acetylation increases the activation effect of the amino group.$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
19 $\mathrm{C_6H_5N_2^{+}Cl^{-} + H-C_6H_4-NH_2 \longrightarrow}$
Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts
19 $\mathrm{C_6H_5N_2^{+}Cl^{-} + C_6H_5OH \xrightarrow{OH^{-}}}$
Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts
22 $\xrightarrow{\mathrm{Fe + HCl}}$
Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts
22 $\xrightarrow[\mathrm{CH_3COOH}]{\mathrm{(CH_3CO)_2O}}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
23 $\xrightarrow[\mathrm{H_2O}]{\mathrm{Br_2}}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
23 $How will you obtain the following from benzene diazonium chloride ? Write chemical equations involved : (a) Phenol (b) Iodobenzene (c) p-Aminoazobenzene$
Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts
25 $How will you obtain the following from aniline ? Write the chemical equations involved : (a) Sulphanilic acid (b) 2,4,6-Tribromoaniline (c) Acetanilide$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
27 $How will you obtain the following from benzenediazonium chloride ? Give chemical equations involved : (a) Chlorobenzene (b) Benzene (c) Benzonitrile$
Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts
The reaction of amines with mineral acids to form ammonium salts shows that these are basic in nature. Aliphatic amines are stronger bases than ammonia whereas aromatic amines are weaker bases than ammonia. Aliphatic and aromatic primary and secondary amines react with acid chlorides, anhydrides and esters by nucleophilic substitution reaction. The main problem encountered during electrophilic substitution reactions of aromatic amines is that of their high reactivity. Substitution tends to occur at ortho-and para-positions. Hinsberg reagent is used for the identification and distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Aryldiazonium salts, usually obtained from arylamines, undergo replacement of the diazonium group with a variety of nucleophiles to provide advantageous methods for producing aryl halides, cyanides, phenols and arenes.
29 (a) $\mathrm{CH_3-NH_2}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
The reaction of amines with mineral acids to form ammonium salts shows that these are basic in nature. Aliphatic amines are stronger bases than ammonia whereas aromatic amines are weaker bases than ammonia. Aliphatic and aromatic primary and secondary amines react with acid chlorides, anhydrides and esters by nucleophilic substitution reaction. The main problem encountered during electrophilic substitution reactions of aromatic amines is that of their high reactivity. Substitution tends to occur at ortho-and para-positions. Hinsberg reagent is used for the identification and distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Aryldiazonium salts, usually obtained from arylamines, undergo replacement of the diazonium group with a variety of nucleophiles to provide advantageous methods for producing aryl halides, cyanides, phenols and arenes.
29 (b) $\mathrm{C_3H_9N}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
The reaction of amines with mineral acids to form ammonium salts shows that these are basic in nature. Aliphatic amines are stronger bases than ammonia whereas aromatic amines are weaker bases than ammonia. Aliphatic and aromatic primary and secondary amines react with acid chlorides, anhydrides and esters by nucleophilic substitution reaction. The main problem encountered during electrophilic substitution reactions of aromatic amines is that of their high reactivity. Substitution tends to occur at ortho-and para-positions. Hinsberg reagent is used for the identification and distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Aryldiazonium salts, usually obtained from arylamines, undergo replacement of the diazonium group with a variety of nucleophiles to provide advantageous methods for producing aryl halides, cyanides, phenols and arenes.
29 (b) [OR] $How can you convert aniline to benzonitrile ?$
Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts
The reaction of amines with mineral acids to form ammonium salts shows that these are basic in nature. Aliphatic amines are stronger bases than ammonia whereas aromatic amines are weaker bases than ammonia. Aliphatic and aromatic primary and secondary amines react with acid chlorides, anhydrides and esters by nucleophilic substitution reaction. The main problem encountered during electrophilic substitution reactions of aromatic amines is that of their high reactivity. Substitution tends to occur at ortho-and para-positions. Hinsberg reagent is used for the identification and distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Aryldiazonium salts, usually obtained from arylamines, undergo replacement of the diazonium group with a variety of nucleophiles to provide advantageous methods for producing aryl halides, cyanides, phenols and arenes.
29 (c) $-\mathrm{NH_2}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
Like $\mathrm{NH_3}$ , nitrogen atom of amine is trivalent and carries an unshared pair of electrons. Nitrogen orbitals in amines are therefore $\mathrm{sp^3}$ hybridised and the geometry of amines is pyramidal. Lower aliphatic amines are soluble in water due to the formation of hydrogen bond with water molecules. The solubility decreases as the molar mass of amines increases due to increase in size of hydrophobic part. Higher amines are insoluble in water. However amines are less soluble in water than alcohols because of low electronegativity of nitrogen as compared to oxygen. Boiling points of isomeric amines follow the order $1^{\mathrm{o}} > 2^{\mathrm{o}} > 3^{\mathrm{o}}$ . It is due to the fact the amines are held together due to hydrogen bonding. Extent of hydrogen bonding is more in primary amines than in secondary amines as two hydrogen atoms are available for hydrogen bond formation. Tertiary amines do not show hydrogen bonding because of the absence of hydrogen atom attached to nitrogen. Amines can be prepared from, nitro compounds, nitriles, amides etc.
30 (a) $\mathrm{CH_3CONH_2} \xrightarrow[\mathrm{(ii)\ H_2O}]{\mathrm{(i)\ LiAlH_4}}$
Preparation of Amines
Like $\mathrm{NH_3}$ , nitrogen atom of amine is trivalent and carries an unshared pair of electrons. Nitrogen orbitals in amines are therefore $\mathrm{sp^3}$ hybridised and the geometry of amines is pyramidal. Lower aliphatic amines are soluble in water due to the formation of hydrogen bond with water molecules. The solubility decreases as the molar mass of amines increases due to increase in size of hydrophobic part. Higher amines are insoluble in water. However amines are less soluble in water than alcohols because of low electronegativity of nitrogen as compared to oxygen. Boiling points of isomeric amines follow the order $1^{\mathrm{o}} > 2^{\mathrm{o}} > 3^{\mathrm{o}}$ . It is due to the fact the amines are held together due to hydrogen bonding. Extent of hydrogen bonding is more in primary amines than in secondary amines as two hydrogen atoms are available for hydrogen bond formation. Tertiary amines do not show hydrogen bonding because of the absence of hydrogen atom attached to nitrogen. Amines can be prepared from, nitro compounds, nitriles, amides etc.
30 (b) $Why primary amines have higher boiling points than tertiary amines ?$
Classification
Like $\mathrm{NH_3}$ , nitrogen atom of amine is trivalent and carries an unshared pair of electrons. Nitrogen orbitals in amines are therefore $\mathrm{sp^3}$ hybridised and the geometry of amines is pyramidal. Lower aliphatic amines are soluble in water due to the formation of hydrogen bond with water molecules. The solubility decreases as the molar mass of amines increases due to increase in size of hydrophobic part. Higher amines are insoluble in water. However amines are less soluble in water than alcohols because of low electronegativity of nitrogen as compared to oxygen. Boiling points of isomeric amines follow the order $1^{\mathrm{o}} > 2^{\mathrm{o}} > 3^{\mathrm{o}}$ . It is due to the fact the amines are held together due to hydrogen bonding. Extent of hydrogen bonding is more in primary amines than in secondary amines as two hydrogen atoms are available for hydrogen bond formation. Tertiary amines do not show hydrogen bonding because of the absence of hydrogen atom attached to nitrogen. Amines can be prepared from, nitro compounds, nitriles, amides etc.
30 (c) $\mathrm{C_{10}H_7 - N(CH_3)_2}$
Classification
Like $\mathrm{NH_3}$ , nitrogen atom of amine is trivalent and carries an unshared pair of electrons. Nitrogen orbitals in amines are therefore $\mathrm{sp^3}$ hybridised and the geometry of amines is pyramidal. Lower aliphatic amines are soluble in water due to the formation of hydrogen bond with water molecules. The solubility decreases as the molar mass of amines increases due to increase in size of hydrophobic part. Higher amines are insoluble in water. However amines are less soluble in water than alcohols because of low electronegativity of nitrogen as compared to oxygen. Boiling points of isomeric amines follow the order $1^{\mathrm{o}} > 2^{\mathrm{o}} > 3^{\mathrm{o}}$ . It is due to the fact the amines are held together due to hydrogen bonding. Extent of hydrogen bonding is more in primary amines than in secondary amines as two hydrogen atoms are available for hydrogen bond formation. Tertiary amines do not show hydrogen bonding because of the absence of hydrogen atom attached to nitrogen. Amines can be prepared from, nitro compounds, nitriles, amides etc.
30 (c) OR $Out of Butan-1-amine and Butan-1-ol, which is more soluble in water ?$
Classification

2025

42 q

3 $Hoffmann Bromamide degradation reaction is given by :$
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Preparation of Amines
3 $Hoffmann Bromamide degradation reaction is given by :$
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Preparation of Amines
4 $\mathrm{CH_3-CH_2-N(CH_3)-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3}$
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Nomenclature
6 $In the Hinsberg’s method for separation of primary, secondary and tertiary amines, the reagent used is :$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
6 $The reagent that can be used to convert benzenediazonium chloride to benzonitrile is :$
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Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts
6 $The reagent that can be used to convert benzenediazonium chloride to benzene is :$
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Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts
7 $\mathrm{HNO_2}$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
7 $The strongest base in aqueous solution among the following amines is :$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
7 $\mathrm{HNO_2}$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
8 $\xrightarrow[\mathrm{HCl},\ 0-5^{\circ}\mathrm{C}]{\mathrm{NaNO_2}}$
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Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts
10 $When alkyl iodide is treated with large excess of ammonia, the major product obtained is :$
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Preparation of Amines
10 $The best reagent for converting propanamide into propanamine is ________.$
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Preparation of Amines
10 $When excess of alkyl iodide is treated with ammonia, the product obtained is :$
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Preparation of Amines
10 $Anilinium hydrogen sulphate on heating at 453 - 473 K produces which of the following as a major product ?$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
11 $Hoffmann Bromamide degradation reaction is given by :$
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Preparation of Amines
11 $An amine ‘X’ reacts with Hinsberg reagent and the product obtained is soluble in alkali. The amine ‘X’ is :$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
11 $An amine ‘X’ reacts with Hinsberg reagent and the product obtained is insoluble in alkali. The amine ‘X’ is :$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
11 $Which of the following amines does not give foul smell of isocyanide on heating with chloroform and ethanolic KOH ?$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
14 $Assertion (A) : Acetanilide is more basic than aniline. Reason (R) : Acetylation of aniline results in decrease of electron density on nitrogen.$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
15 $\mathrm{(CH_3)_3N}$
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Classification
For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
15 $\mathrm{(C_2H_5)_2NH}$
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Physical Properties of Amines
For question number 13 to 16, two statements are given - one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below :
15 $Assertion (A) : Aromatic primary amines cannot be prepared by Gabriel Phthalimide synthesis. Reason (R) : Aryl halides do not undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction with the anion formed by phthalimide.$
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Preparation of Amines
For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
15 $\mathrm{(C_2H_5)_2NH}$
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Physical Properties of Amines
For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
16 $Assertion (A) : Acetanilide is less basic than aniline. Reason (R) : Acetylation of aniline results in decrease of electron density on nitrogen.$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
20 $\mathrm{CH_3CH_2Cl} \xrightarrow{\ \mathrm{NaCN}\ } \mathrm{A} \xrightarrow{\ \mathrm{H_2/Ni}\ } \mathrm{B}$
Preparation of Amines
22 $p$
Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts
22 $How can you obtain the following ? (a) Aniline from ammonium benzoate (b) Benzene diazonium chloride from nitrobenzene (c) 2,4,6-tribromoaniline from aniline$
Preparation of Amines
23 $\mathrm{pK_b}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
24 $\mathrm{pK_b}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
26 $\mathrm{pK_b}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
27 $\mathrm{(CH_3)_2NH}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
28 $How will you obtain the following from aniline ? Give chemical equations only. (a) Sulphanilic acid (b) Phenylisocyanide (c) Acetanilide$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
Amines are usually formed from amides, imides, halides, nitro compounds, etc. They exhibit hydrogen bonding which influences their physical properties. In alkyl amines, a combination of electron releasing, steric and H-bonding factors influence the stability of the substituted ammonium cations in protic polar solvents and thus affect the basic nature of amines. Alkyl amines are found to be stronger bases than ammonia. Amines being basic in nature, react with acids to form salts. Aryldiazonium salts, undergo replacement of the diazonium group with a variety of nucleophiles to produce aryl halides, cyanides, phenols and arenes.
30 (a) $How can you convert the following ? (i) Ethanoic acid to methanamine (ii) Propanenitrile to 1-aminopropane$
Preparation of Amines
Amines have a lone pair of electrons on nitrogen atom due to which they behave as Lewis base. Greater the value of $\mathrm{K_b}$ or smaller the value of $\mathrm{pK_b}$ , stronger is the base. Amines are more basic than alcohols, ethers, esters, etc. The basic character of aliphatic amines should increase with the increase of alkyl substitution. But it does not occur in a regular manner as a secondary aliphatic amine is unexpectedly more basic than a tertiary amine in aqueous solutions. Aromatic amines are weaker bases than ammonia and aliphatic amines. Electron releasing groups such as $\mathrm{-CH_3}$ , $\mathrm{-OCH_3}$ , $\mathrm{-NH_2}$ , etc., increase the basicity while electron-withdrawing substituents such as $\mathrm{-NO_2}$ , $\mathrm{-CN}$ , halogens etc., decrease the basicity of amines. The effect of these substitute is more at $\mathrm{p}^{-}$ than at $\mathrm{m}^{-}$ position.
30 (a) $Arrange the following in the increasing order of their basic character. Give reason :$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
Amines are usually formed from amides, imides, halides, nitro compounds, etc. They exhibit hydrogen bonding which influences their physical properties. In alkyl amines, a combination of electron releasing, steric and H-bonding factors influence the stability of the substituted ammonium cations in protic polar solvents and thus affect the basic nature of amines. Alkyl amines are found to be stronger bases than ammonia. Amines being basic in nature, react with acids to form salts. Aryldiazonium salts, undergo replacement of the diazonium group with a variety of nucleophiles to produce aryl halides, cyanides, phenols and arenes.
30 (b) $\mathrm{pK_b}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
Amines have a lone pair of electrons on nitrogen atom due to which they behave as Lewis base. Greater the value of $\mathrm{K_b}$ or smaller the value of $\mathrm{pK_b}$ , stronger is the base. Amines are more basic than alcohols, ethers, esters, etc. The basic character of aliphatic amines should increase with the increase of alkyl substitution. But it does not occur in a regular manner as a secondary aliphatic amine is unexpectedly more basic than a tertiary amine in aqueous solutions. Aromatic amines are weaker bases than ammonia and aliphatic amines. Electron releasing groups such as $\mathrm{-CH_3}$ , $\mathrm{-OCH_3}$ , $\mathrm{-NH_2}$ , etc., increase the basicity while electron-withdrawing substituents such as $\mathrm{-NO_2}$ , $\mathrm{-CN}$ , halogens etc., decrease the basicity of amines. The effect of these substitute is more at $\mathrm{p}^{-}$ than at $\mathrm{m}^{-}$ position.
30 (b) $\mathrm{pK_b}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
Amines have a lone pair of electrons on nitrogen atom due to which they behave as Lewis base. Greater the value of $\mathrm{K_b}$ or smaller the value of $\mathrm{pK_b}$ , stronger is the base. Amines are more basic than alcohols, ethers, esters, etc. The basic character of aliphatic amines should increase with the increase of alkyl substitution. But it does not occur in a regular manner as a secondary aliphatic amine is unexpectedly more basic than a tertiary amine in aqueous solutions. Aromatic amines are weaker bases than ammonia and aliphatic amines. Electron releasing groups such as $\mathrm{-CH_3}$ , $\mathrm{-OCH_3}$ , $\mathrm{-NH_2}$ , etc., increase the basicity while electron-withdrawing substituents such as $\mathrm{-NO_2}$ , $\mathrm{-CN}$ , halogens etc., decrease the basicity of amines. The effect of these substitute is more at $\mathrm{p}^{-}$ than at $\mathrm{m}^{-}$ position.
30 (c) (i) $\mathrm{(CH_3)_3N},\ \mathrm{(CH_3)_2NH},\ \mathrm{NH_3},\ \mathrm{CH_3NH_2}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
Amines are usually formed from amides, imides, halides, nitro compounds, etc. They exhibit hydrogen bonding which influences their physical properties. In alkyl amines, a combination of electron releasing, steric and H-bonding factors influence the stability of the substituted ammonium cations in protic polar solvents and thus affect the basic nature of amines. Alkyl amines are found to be stronger bases than ammonia. Amines being basic in nature, react with acids to form salts. Aryldiazonium salts, undergo replacement of the diazonium group with a variety of nucleophiles to produce aryl halides, cyanides, phenols and arenes.
30 (c) (i) $\mathrm{CH_3-NH_2},\ \mathrm{(CH_3)_2NH},\ \mathrm{(CH_3)_3N}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
Amines have a lone pair of electrons on nitrogen atom due to which they behave as Lewis base. Greater the value of $\mathrm{K_b}$ or smaller the value of $\mathrm{pK_b}$ , stronger is the base. Amines are more basic than alcohols, ethers, esters, etc. The basic character of aliphatic amines should increase with the increase of alkyl substitution. But it does not occur in a regular manner as a secondary aliphatic amine is unexpectedly more basic than a tertiary amine in aqueous solutions. Aromatic amines are weaker bases than ammonia and aliphatic amines. Electron releasing groups such as $\mathrm{-CH_3}$ , $\mathrm{-OCH_3}$ , $\mathrm{-NH_2}$ , etc., increase the basicity while electron-withdrawing substituents such as $\mathrm{-NO_2}$ , $\mathrm{-CN}$ , halogens etc., decrease the basicity of amines. The effect of these substitute is more at $\mathrm{p}^{-}$ than at $\mathrm{m}^{-}$ position.
30 (c) (ii) $Why ammonolysis of alkyl halides is not a good method to prepare pure amines ?$
Preparation of Amines
Amines are usually formed from amides, imides, halides, nitro compounds, etc. They exhibit hydrogen bonding which influences their physical properties. In alkyl amines, a combination of electron releasing, steric and H-bonding factors influence the stability of the substituted ammonium cations in protic polar solvents and thus affect the basic nature of amines. Alkyl amines are found to be stronger bases than ammonia. Amines being basic in nature, react with acids to form salts. Aryldiazonium salts, undergo replacement of the diazonium group with a variety of nucleophiles to produce aryl halides, cyanides, phenols and arenes.
30 (c) (ii) $\mathrm{C_6H_5NO_2} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{Fe/HCl}} \mathrm{A} \xrightarrow[\mathrm{273\ K}]{\mathrm{HNO_2}} \mathrm{B}$
Preparation of Amines
32 (a) $\mathrm{C_2H_7N}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
32 (b) $\mathrm{CHCl_3}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines

2024

33 q

2 $\mathrm{Ar-N_2^+\,X^-} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{Cu\ CN/KCN}} \mathrm{Ar-CN + N_2}$
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Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts
6 $\mathrm{Ar-N_2^+\,X^-} \xrightarrow[\mathrm{Cu\ powder}]{\mathrm{HBr}} \mathrm{Ar-Br + N_2}$
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Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts
7 $Which of the following compounds will not react with benzene sulphonyl chloride ?$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
7 $Which of the following compounds on treatment with benzene sulphonyl choride forms product insoluble in alkali ?$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
7 $Which of the following compounds on treatment with benzene sulphonyl choride forms an alkali-soluble precipitate ?$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
8 $Identify the tertiary amine from the following :$
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Classification
8 $Identify the secondary amine from the given options :$
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Classification
8 $Which of the following amines gives carbylamine reaction ?$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
8 $Identify the primary amine from the given options :$
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Classification
8 $\mathrm{CH_3NH_2}$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
12 $Aniline on reaction with Bromine water gives :$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
13 $Assertion (A) : Aliphatic primary amines can be prepared by Gabriel phthalimide synthesis. Reason (R) : Alkyl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution with anion formed by phthalimide.$
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Preparation of Amines
For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
13 $Assertion (A) : Aniline is a weaker base than cyclohexylamine. Reason (R) : Aniline is resonance stabilized.$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
13 $Assertion (A) : Aromatic primary amines can be prepared by Gabriel phthalimide synthesis. Reason (R) : Alkyl halide undergoes nucleophilic substitution with anion formed by phthalimide.$
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Preparation of Amines
For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
14 $p$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
15 $Assertion (A) : Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than those of aliphatic amines. Reason (R) : Diazonium salts of aliphatic amines show resonance.$
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Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts
For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
15 $Assertion (A) : Ammonolysis of alkyl halides involves reaction between alkyl halide and ethanolic solution of ammonia. Reason (R) : Ammonolysis of alkyl halides mainly produces secondary amines.$
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Preparation of Amines
For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
15 $Assertion (A) : Diazonium salts of aliphatic amines are more stable than those of aromatic amines. Reason (R) : Diazonium salts of aromatic amines show resonance.$
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Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts
For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
16 $Assertion (A) : Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction. Reason (R) : Friedel-Crafts reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction.$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
16 $\mathrm{AlCl_3}$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
16 $(\mathrm{C_6H_5 - NHCOCH_3})$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
16 $Assertion (A) : Aniline is a stronger base than ammonia. Reason (R) : The unshared electron pair on nitrogen atom in aniline becomes less available for protonation due to resonance.$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
16 $p$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
16 $Assertion (A) : Boiling point of butan-1-ol is higher than that of butan-1-amine. Reason (R) : Being more polar, butan-1-ol forms stronger intermolecular hydrogen bonds as compared to butan-1-amine.$
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Physical Properties of Amines
For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
16 $Assertion (A) : Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction. Reason (R) : Friedel-Crafts reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction.$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
19 (a) $Carry out the following conversions : (i) Nitrobenzene to Aniline (ii) Aniline to Phenol$
Preparation of Amines
19 (b) $(i) Write a chemical test to distinguish between Dimethyl amine and Ethanamine. (ii) Write the product formed when benzene diazonium chloride is treated with KI.$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
22 $\mathrm{CH_3 - CH_2 - Br} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{KCN}} \mathrm{A} \xrightarrow[\text{Partial hydrolysis}]{\mathrm{OH^{-}}} \mathrm{B} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{NaOH} + \mathrm{Br_2}} \mathrm{C}$
Preparation of Amines
28 $\mathrm{CH_3CH_2Cl} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{KCN}} \mathrm{A} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{LiAlH_4}} \mathrm{B} \xrightarrow[0^{\circ}\mathrm{C}]{\mathrm{HNO_2}} \mathrm{C}$
Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts
28 $\mathrm{C_3H_9N}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
32 $\xrightarrow[\mathrm{(ii)\ NaNO_2\,/\,Cu,\ \Delta}]{\mathrm{(i)\ HBF_4}}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
33 (a) $\mathrm{C_7H_7ON}$
Preparation of Amines
33 (b) $\mathrm{C_2H_5NH_2}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines

2023

33 q

3 $When Benzene diazonium chloride reacts with phenol, it forms a dye. This reaction is called$
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Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts
3 $\mathrm{p^Kb}$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
3 $Among the following, which is the strongest base ?$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
4 $Benzene diazonium chloride on hydrolysis gives :$
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Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts
4 $Among the following, which is the strongest base ?$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
6 $The reaction of ammonia with a large excess of methyl chloride will yield mainly :$
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Preparation of Amines
7 $When nitrobenzene is heated with tin and concentrated HCl, the product formed is :$
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Preparation of Amines
8 $The action of nitrous acid on ethylamine gives mainly :$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
8 $The reduction of ethanenitrile with sodium and alcohol gives :$
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Preparation of Amines
8 $Which of the following would not be a good choice for reducing nitrobenzene to aniline ?$
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Preparation of Amines
9 $\mathrm{C_6H_5NH_2} + \mathrm{CHCl_3} + 3\ \mathrm{KOH} \rightarrow \mathrm{A} + 3\mathrm{B} + 3\mathrm{C}$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
9 $Amides can be converted into amines by the reaction named$
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Preparation of Amines
11 $\mathrm{CH_3CONH_2}$
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Preparation of Amines
12 $Which of the following is least basic ?$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
For Questions number 15 to 18, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
15 $-\mathrm{NH_2}$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
For Questions number 15 to 18, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
15 $\mathrm{(C_2H_5)_2NH}$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
For Questions number 15 to 18, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
15 $Assertion (A) : Ammonolysis of alkyl halides is not a suitable method for the preparation of pure primary amines. Reason (R) : Ammonolysis of alkyl halides yields mainly secondary amines.$
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Preparation of Amines
For Questions number 15 to 18, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
16 $-\mathrm{NHCOCH_3}$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
For Questions number 15 to 18, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
18 $Assertion (A) : Monobromination of aniline can be conveniently done by protecting the amino group by acetylation. Reason (R) : Acetylation decreases the activating effect of the amino group.$
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Chemical Reactions of Amines
24 (a) $-\mathrm{NH_2}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
24 (b) $\xrightarrow{\mathrm{CH_3CH_2OH}}$
Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts
24 $Write the chemical equation involved in the following reactions : (a) Carbylamine reaction (b) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
24 $Explain briefly : (a) Carbylamine reaction (b) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis$
Preparation of Amines
24 $\mathrm{CH_3-N(C_6H_5)-CH_2CH_3}$
Nomenclature
27 (a) $\mathrm{C_6H_5-COOH} \xrightarrow[\Delta]{\mathrm{NH_3}} \mathrm{A} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{Br_2 + NaOH}} \mathrm{B} \xrightarrow[0^{\circ}\mathrm{C}]{\mathrm{NaNO_2 + HCl}} \mathrm{C}$
Preparation of Amines
27 (b) $How will you convert the following : (i) Aniline to p-bromoaniline (ii) Ethanoic acid to methanamine (iii) Butanenitrile to 1-aminobutane$
Preparation of Amines
28 $\mathrm{(CH_3)_2NH}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
Amines are usually formed from nitro compounds, halides, amides, imides, etc. They exhibit hydrogen bonding which influences their physical properties. In alkyl amines, a combination of electron releasing, steric and hydrogen bonding factors influence the stability of the substituted ammonium cations in protic polar solvents and thus affect the basic nature of amines. In aromatic amines, electron releasing and withdrawing groups, respectively increase and decrease their basic character. Influence of the number of hydrogen atoms at nitrogen atom on the type of reactions and nature of products is responsible for identification and distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Presence of amino group in aromatic ring enhances reactivity of the aromatic amines. Aryl diazonium salts provide advantageous methods for producing aryl halides, cyanides, phenols and arenes by reductive removal of the diazo group.
32 (i) $\mathrm{pK_b}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
Amines are usually formed from nitro compounds, halides, amides, imides, etc. They exhibit hydrogen bonding which influences their physical properties. In alkyl amines, a combination of electron releasing, steric and hydrogen bonding factors influence the stability of the substituted ammonium cations in protic polar solvents and thus affect the basic nature of amines. In aromatic amines, electron releasing and withdrawing groups, respectively increase and decrease their basic character. Influence of the number of hydrogen atoms at nitrogen atom on the type of reactions and nature of products is responsible for identification and distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Presence of amino group in aromatic ring enhances reactivity of the aromatic amines. Aryl diazonium salts provide advantageous methods for producing aryl halides, cyanides, phenols and arenes by reductive removal of the diazo group.
32 (ii) $Aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of m-nitroaniline, though amino group is o/p directing. Why ?$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
Amines are usually formed from nitro compounds, halides, amides, imides, etc. They exhibit hydrogen bonding which influences their physical properties. In alkyl amines, a combination of electron releasing, steric and hydrogen bonding factors influence the stability of the substituted ammonium cations in protic polar solvents and thus affect the basic nature of amines. In aromatic amines, electron releasing and withdrawing groups, respectively increase and decrease their basic character. Influence of the number of hydrogen atoms at nitrogen atom on the type of reactions and nature of products is responsible for identification and distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Presence of amino group in aromatic ring enhances reactivity of the aromatic amines. Aryl diazonium salts provide advantageous methods for producing aryl halides, cyanides, phenols and arenes by reductive removal of the diazo group.
32 (iii) (a) $\mathrm{C_7H_6O_2}$
Preparation of Amines
Amines are usually formed from nitro compounds, halides, amides, imides, etc. They exhibit hydrogen bonding which influences their physical properties. In alkyl amines, a combination of electron releasing, steric and hydrogen bonding factors influence the stability of the substituted ammonium cations in protic polar solvents and thus affect the basic nature of amines. In aromatic amines, electron releasing and withdrawing groups, respectively increase and decrease their basic character. Influence of the number of hydrogen atoms at nitrogen atom on the type of reactions and nature of products is responsible for identification and distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Presence of amino group in aromatic ring enhances reactivity of the aromatic amines. Aryl diazonium salts provide advantageous methods for producing aryl halides, cyanides, phenols and arenes by reductive removal of the diazo group.
32 (iii) (b) $+\ \mathrm{Br_2\,(aq)} \longrightarrow$
Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts
34 (a) $-\mathrm{NH_2}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
34 (b) $\mathrm{C_6H_5N_2^+Cl^-} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{CuCN}} \mathrm{A} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{H_2O/H^+}} \mathrm{B} \xrightarrow[\Delta]{\mathrm{NH_3}} \mathrm{C}$
Chemical Reactions of Diazonium Salts

2022

19 q

2 $\mathrm{C_2H_5NH_2}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
3 $\mathrm{C_3H_7NO}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
4 (a) $Write reasons for the following : (i) Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is insoluble. (ii) Amino group is o- and p-directing in aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions, but aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of m-nitroaniline. (iii) Amines behave as nucleophiles.$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
4 (b) $How will you carry out the following conversions : (i) Nitrobenzene to Aniline (ii) Ethanamide to Methanamine (iii) Ethanenitrile to Ethanamine$
Preparation of Amines
7 (a) $Illustrate the following reactions giving suitable example in each case : (i) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis. (ii) Carbylamine reaction. (iii) Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction.$
Preparation of Amines
7 (b) $\mathrm{CH_3CH_2Cl} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{KCN}} \mathrm{A} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{LiAlH_4}} \mathrm{B} \xrightarrow[0\,^\circ\mathrm{C}]{\mathrm{HNO_2}} \mathrm{C}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
9 (a) $\mathrm{pk_b}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
9 (a) $Write equations involved in the following reactions : (i) Ethanamine reacts with acetyl chloride. (ii) Aniline reacts with bromine water at room temperature. (iii) Aniline reacts with chloroform and ethanolic potassium hydroxide.$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
9 (b) $(\mathrm{CH_3CH_2})_2\mathrm{NCH_3}$
Preparation of Amines
10 (a) $\mathrm{C_7H_6O_2}$
Preparation of Amines
9 (b) $\mathrm{CH_3NH_2}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
10 $\mathrm{C_6H_7N}$
Preparation of Amines
10 $\mathrm{-NH_2}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
10 $\mathrm{C_2H_7N}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
Amines constitute an important class of organic compounds derived by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of ammonia molecule by alkyl/aryl groups. Amines are usually formed from nitro compounds, halides, amides, etc. They exhibit hydrogen bonding which influences their physical properties. Alkyl amines are found to be stronger bases than ammonia. In aromatic amines, electron releasing and withdrawing groups, respectively increase and decrease their basic character. Reactions of amines are governed by availability of the unshared pair of electrons on nitrogen. Influence of the number of hydrogen atoms at nitrogen atom on the type of reactions and nature of products is responsible for identification and distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Reactivity of aromatic amines can be controlled by acylation process.
12 (i) $Why does aniline not give Friedel-Crafts reaction ?$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
Amines constitute an important class of organic compounds derived by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of ammonia molecule by alkyl/aryl groups. Amines are usually formed from nitro compounds, halides, amides, etc. They exhibit hydrogen bonding which influences their physical properties. Alkyl amines are found to be stronger bases than ammonia. In aromatic amines, electron releasing and withdrawing groups, respectively increase and decrease their basic character. Reactions of amines are governed by availability of the unshared pair of electrons on nitrogen. Influence of the number of hydrogen atoms at nitrogen atom on the type of reactions and nature of products is responsible for identification and distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Reactivity of aromatic amines can be controlled by acylation process.
12 (ii) $\mathrm{pK_b}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
Amines constitute an important class of organic compounds derived by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of ammonia molecule by alkyl/aryl groups. Amines are usually formed from nitro compounds, halides, amides, etc. They exhibit hydrogen bonding which influences their physical properties. Alkyl amines are found to be stronger bases than ammonia. In aromatic amines, electron releasing and withdrawing groups, respectively increase and decrease their basic character. Reactions of amines are governed by availability of the unshared pair of electrons on nitrogen. Influence of the number of hydrogen atoms at nitrogen atom on the type of reactions and nature of products is responsible for identification and distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Reactivity of aromatic amines can be controlled by acylation process.
12 (iii) $\mathrm{CH_3CH_2NH_2}$
Chemical Reactions of Amines
Amines constitute an important class of organic compounds derived by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of ammonia molecule by alkyl/aryl groups. Amines are usually formed from nitro compounds, halides, amides, etc. They exhibit hydrogen bonding which influences their physical properties. Alkyl amines are found to be stronger bases than ammonia. In aromatic amines, electron releasing and withdrawing groups, respectively increase and decrease their basic character. Reactions of amines are governed by availability of the unshared pair of electrons on nitrogen. Influence of the number of hydrogen atoms at nitrogen atom on the type of reactions and nature of products is responsible for identification and distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Reactivity of aromatic amines can be controlled by acylation process.
12 (iv) (a) $\mathrm{C_6H_5NO_2} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{Sn + HCl}} \mathrm{A} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{Br_2\ water}} \mathrm{B}$
Preparation of Amines
Amines constitute an important class of organic compounds derived by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of ammonia molecule by alkyl/aryl groups. Amines are usually formed from nitro compounds, halides, amides, etc. They exhibit hydrogen bonding which influences their physical properties. Alkyl amines are found to be stronger bases than ammonia. In aromatic amines, electron releasing and withdrawing groups, respectively increase and decrease their basic character. Reactions of amines are governed by availability of the unshared pair of electrons on nitrogen. Influence of the number of hydrogen atoms at nitrogen atom on the type of reactions and nature of products is responsible for identification and distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Reactivity of aromatic amines can be controlled by acylation process.
12 (iv) (b) $How will you convert the following : (I) Benzoic acid to aniline (II) Aniline to p-bromoaniline$
Preparation of Amines

The 10 board questions to practise first

The questions the board asked again come first, most asked first. Each one says how often and when.

Question 1
Asked 2 times: 2024*, 2026 (* = numbers or wording changed that year)
6 $\mathrm{C_2H_5NH_2}$
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Question 2
Asked 2 times: 2025, 2026
6 $The correct formula of Hinsberg’s reagent is :$
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Question 3
Asked 2 times: 2023*, 2026 (* = numbers or wording changed that year)
Two statements are given, one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the options given below.
15 $Assertion (A) : Monobromination of aniline can be conveniently done by protecting the amino group by acetylation. Reason (R) : Acetylation increases the activation effect of the amino group.$
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Question 4
Asked 2 times: 2023, 2026
6 $Among the following, which is the strongest base ?$
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Question 5
Asked 2 times: 2024, 2026
Two statements are given, one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the options given below.
14 $Assertion (A) : Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than those of aliphatic amines. Reason (R) : Diazonium salts of aliphatic amines undergo resonance.$
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Question 6
Asked 2 times: 2024, 2026
Two statements are given, one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the options given below.
14 $Assertion (A) : Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are less stable than those of aliphatic amines. Reason (R) : Diazonium salts of aromatic amines undergo resonance.$
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Question 7
Asked 2 times: 2025*, 2026 (* = numbers or wording changed that year)
Two statements are given, one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the options given below.
15 $Assertion (A) : Aromatic primary amines can be prepared by Gabriel Phthalimide synthesis. Reason (R) : Aryl halides do not undergo nucleophilic substitution with the anion formed by phthalimide.$
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Question 8
Asked 2 times: 2023*, 2026 (* = numbers or wording changed that year)
9 $Identify the compound produced by the reduction of Ethanenitrile with Lithium aluminium hydride :$
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Question 9
Asked 2 times: 2023, 2026
3 $The major product of carbylamine reaction is :$
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Question 10
Asked 2 times: 2025, 2026
11 $Which of the following reagent is used to convert benzene diazonium chloride to benzene ?$
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Worked Examples

Solved Examples

Intext Questions

Exercises

What the board has asked from this chapter

2026

2025

2024

2023

2022

The 10 board questions to practise first

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Question 9

Question 10