1. A
   8-nucleate and 7-celled
2. B
   7-nucleate and 8-celled
3. C
   7-nucleate and 7-celled
4. D
   8-nucleate and 8-celled

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1. A
   Mosses
2. B
   Pteridophytes
3. C
   Some Gymnosperms
4. D
   Some Liverworts

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1. A
   Metacentric
2. B
   Telocentric
3. C
   Sub-metacentric
4. D
   Acrocentric

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1. A
   Metaphase I
2. B
   Metaphase II
3. C
   Anaphase II
4. D
   Telophase II

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1. A
   Pyruvic acid
2. B
   Oxaloacetic acid
3. C
   Succinic acid
4. D
   Phosphoglyceric acid

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1. A
   Natural selection
2. B
   Genetic recombination
3. C
   Mutation
4. D
   Genetic drift

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1. A
   Mature sieve tube elements possess a conspicuous nucleus and usual cytoplasmic organelles
2. B
   Microbodies are present both in plant and animal cells
3. C
   The perinuclear space forms a barrier between the materials present inside the nucleus and that of the cytoplasm
4. D
   Nuclear pores act as passages for proteins and RNA molecules in both directions between nucleus and cytoplasm

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1. A
   Species A ($-$); Species B (0)
2. B
   Species A (+); Species B (+)
3. C
   Species A ($-$); Species B ($-$)
4. D
   Species A (+); Species B (0)

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1. A
   Climax
2. B
   Climax community
3. C
   Standing state
4. D
   Standing crop

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1. A
   $Ectocarpus$
2. B
   $Gracilaria$
3. C
   $Volvox$
4. D
   $Ulothrix$

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1. A
   Resource partitioning
2. B
   Competitive release
3. C
   Mutalism
4. D
   Predation

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1. A
   Homosorus
2. B
   Heterosorus
3. C
   Homosporous
4. D
   Heterosporous

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1. A
   Shoot apex
2. B
   Stem
3. C
   Axillary bud
4. D
   Leaf

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1. A
   Elasticity
2. B
   Flexibility
3. C
   Plasticity
4. D
   Maturity

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1. A
   (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
2. B
   (a)-(i), (b)-(iv), (c)-(iii), (d)-(ii)
3. C
   (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)
4. D
   (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)

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1. A
   (a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)
2. B
   (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
3. C
   (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii)
4. D
   (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)

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1. A
   Yellow bands
2. B
   Bright orange bands
3. C
   Dark red bands
4. D
   Bright blue bands

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1. A
   Xenogamy
2. B
   Geitonogamy
3. C
   Chasmogamy
4. D
   Cleistogamy

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1. A
   Green algae
2. B
   Brown algae
3. C
   Red algae
4. D
   Blue-green algae

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1. A
   Pyramid of biomass in sea is generally inverted.
2. B
   Pyramid of biomass in sea is generally upright.
3. C
   Pyramid of energy is always upright.
4. D
   Pyramid of numbers in a grassland ecosystem is upright.

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1. A
   Radiant energy
2. B
   Retardation factor
3. C
   Environmental factor
4. D
   Respiration losses

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1. A
   China rose
2. B
   Citrus
3. C
   Pea
4. D
   China rose and citrus

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1. A
   Biopiracy
2. B
   Gene therapy
3. C
   Molecular diagnosis
4. D
   Safety testing

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1. A
   (a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(ii)
2. B
   (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii)
3. C
   (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
4. D
   (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

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1. A
   Bullet square
2. B
   Punch square
3. C
   Punnett square
4. D
   Net square

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