1. A
   Denaturation, Annealing, Extension
2. B
   Denaturation, Extension, Annealing
3. C
   Extension, Denaturation, Annealing
4. D
   Annealing, Denaturation, Extension

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1. A
   Kinetin
2. B
   Infrared rays
3. C
   Gamma rays
4. D
   Zeatin

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1. A
   (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
2. B
   (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)
3. C
   (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)
4. D
   (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)

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1. A
   RNA
2. B
   DNA
3. C
   Histones
4. D
   Polysaccharides

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1. A
   (a)-Replication; (b)-Transcription; (c)-Transduction; (d)-Protein
2. B
   (a)-Translation; (b)-Replication; (c)-Transcription; (d)-Transduction
3. C
   (a)-Replication; (b)-Transcription; (c)-Translation; (d)-Protein
4. D
   (a)-Transduction; (b)-Translation; (c)-Replication; (d)-Protein

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1. A
   Molecular diagnosis
2. B
   Gene amplification
3. C
   Purification of isolated protein
4. D
   Detection of gene mutation

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1. A
   IAA
2. B
   NAA
3. C
   2, 4-D
4. D
   IBA

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1. A
   (a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)
2. B
   (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
3. C
   (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
4. D
   (a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)

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1. A
   Morphine, codeine
2. B
   Amino acids, glucose
3. C
   Vinblastin, curcumin
4. D
   Rubber, gums

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1. A
   During aerobic respiration, role of oxygen is limited to the terminal stage
2. B
   In ETC (Electron Transport Chain), one molecule of $NADH + H^+$ gives rise to 2 ATP molecules, and one $FADH_2$ gives rise to 3 ATP molecules
3. C
   ATP is synthesized through complex V
4. D
   Oxidation-reducation reactions produce proton gradient in respiration

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1. A
   (a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)
2. B
   (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
3. C
   (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii)
4. D
   (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)

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1. A
   (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
2. B
   (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
3. C
   (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
4. D
   (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

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1. A
   In capping, methyl guanosine triphosphate is added to the 3' end of hnRNA
2. B
   RNA polymerase binds with Rho factor to terminate the process of transcription in bacteria
3. C
   The coding strand in a transcription unit is copied to an mRNA
4. D
   Split gene arrangement is characteristic of prokaryotes

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1. A
   Fusion of two cells is called Karyogamy
2. B
   Fusion of protoplasms between two motile on non-motile gametes is called plasmogamy
3. C
   Organisms that depend on living plants are called saprophytes
4. D
   Some of the organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialized cells called sheath cells

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1. A
   Large colorless empty cells in the epidermis of grass leaves - Subsidiary cells
2. B
   In dicot leaves, vascular bundles are surrounded by large thick-walled cells - Conjunctive tissue
3. C
   Cells of medullary rays that form part of cambial ring - Interfascicular cambium
4. D
   Loose parenchyma cells rupturing the epidermis and forming a lens shaped opening in bark - Spongy parenchyma

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1. A
   Satellite DNA
2. B
   Repetitive DNA
3. C
   Single nucleotides
4. D
   Polymorphic DNA

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1. A
   Poaceae ; Rosaceae
2. B
   Poaceae ; Leguminosae
3. C
   Poaceae ; Solanaceae
4. D
   Rosaceae ; Leguminosae

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1. A
   Both ATP and $NADPH + H^+$ are synthesized during non-cyclic photophosphorylation
2. B
   Stroma lamellae have PS I only and lack NADP reductase
3. C
   Grana lamellae have both PS I and PS II
4. D
   Cyclic photophosphorylation involves both PS I and PS II

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1. A
   Transcribes rRNAs (28S, 18S and 5.8S)
2. B
   Transcribes tRNA, 5s rRNA and snRNA
3. C
   Transcribes precursor of mRNA
4. D
   Transcribes only snRNAs

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1. A
   The base of number logarithms
2. B
   The base of exponential logarithms
3. C
   The base of natural logarithms
4. D
   The base of geometric logarithms

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1. A
   mutated gene partially appears on a photographic film
2. B
   mutated gene completely and clearly appears on a photographic film
3. C
   mutated gene does not appear on a photographic film as the probe has no complementarity with it
4. D
   mutated gene does not appear on photographic film as the probe has complementarity with it

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1. A
   (a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)
2. B
   (a)-(i), (b)-(iv), (c)-(iii), (d)-(ii)
3. C
   (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)
4. D
   (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)

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1. A
   (a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)
2. B
   (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(i)
3. C
   (a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)
4. D
   (a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(iii), (d)-(i)

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1. A
   It will not be able to confer ampicillin resistance to the host cell
2. B
   The transformed cells will have the ability to resist ampicillin as well as produce $\beta$-galactoside
3. C
   It will lead to lysis of host cell
4. D
   It will be able to produce a novel protein with dual ability

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1. A
   Alkaloids – Codeine
2. B
   Toxin – Abrin
3. C
   Lectins – Concanavalin A
4. D
   Drugs – Ricin

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