1. A
   *In vitro* fertilization
2. B
   National Parks
3. C
   Micropropagation
4. D
   Cryopreservation

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1. A
   (b) and (c) Only
2. B
   (a) and (d) Only
3. C
   (b), (c), (d) and (e) Only
4. D
   (a), (b), (d) and (e) Only

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1. A
   Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
2. B
   Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
3. C
   Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
4. D
   Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

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1. A
   Chlorophyceae and Phaeophyceae
2. B
   Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyceae
3. C
   Rhodophyceae only
4. D
   Phaeophyceae only

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1. A
   *Colchicum autumnale*
2. B
   *Pisum sativum*
3. C
   *Allium cepa*
4. D
   *Solanum nigrum*

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1. A
   *Ectocarpus* - Fucoxanthin
2. B
   *Ulothrix* - Mannitol
3. C
   *Porphyra* - Floridian Starch
4. D
   *Volvox* - Starch

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1. A
   The small subunit of ribosome encounters mRNA
2. B
   The larger subunit of ribosome encounters mRNA
3. C
   Both the subunits join together to bind with mRNA
4. D
   The tRNA is activated and the larger subunit of ribosome encounters mRNA

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1. A
   (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)
2. B
   (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
3. C
   (a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)
4. D
   (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)

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1. A
   Spindle fibres attach to kinetochores of chromosomes
2. B
   Movement of centrioles towards opposite poles
3. C
   Pairing of homologous chromosomes
4. D
   Coiling and condensation of the chromatids

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1. A
   Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
2. B
   Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
3. C
   Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
4. D
   Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

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1. A
   Breakdown of proton gradient
2. B
   Breakdown of electron gradient
3. C
   Movement of protons across the membrane to the stroma
4. D
   Reduction of NADP to NADPH2 on the stroma side of the membrane

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1. A
   Population explosion
2. B
   Competition
3. C
   Biodiversity loss
4. D
   Natality

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1. A
   Four
2. B
   Six
3. C
   Two
4. D
   Eight

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1. A
   water is transported
2. B
   food is transported
3. C
   for both water and food transportation
4. D
   osmosis is observed

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1. A
   Movement of water occurs through intercellular spaces and wall of the cells
2. B
   The movement does not involve crossing of cell membrane
3. C
   The movement is aided by cytoplasmic streaming
4. D
   Apoplast is continuous and does not provide any barrier to water movement

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1. A
   Cotton
2. B
   Coriander
3. C
   Buttercup
4. D
   Maize

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1. A
   Genetic mapping
2. B
   DNA finger printing
3. C
   Both genetic mapping and DNA finger printing
4. D
   Translation

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1. A
   *Drosophila*
2. B
   Birds
3. C
   Grasshoppers
4. D
   Monkeys

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1. A
   Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
2. B
   Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
3. C
   (A) is correct but (R) is not correct
4. D
   (A) is not correct but (R) is correct

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1. A
   speed up the malting process
2. B
   promote root growth and roothair formation to increase the absorption surface
3. C
   help overcome apical dominance
4. D
   kill dicotyledonous weeds in the fields

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1. A
   STP
2. B
   Incinerator
3. C
   Electrostatic Precipitator
4. D
   Catalytic Convertor

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1. A
   Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
2. B
   Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
3. C
   Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
4. D
   Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

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1. A
   Cutin
2. B
   Cellulose
3. C
   Chitin
4. D
   Glucosamine

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1. A
   (b), (d), (e) Only
2. B
   (a), (c), (d) Only
3. C
   (b), (e) Only
4. D
   (a), (c), (e) Only

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1. A
   It helps in maintaining species diversity in a community
2. B
   It might lead to extinction of a species
3. C
   Both the interacting species are negatively impacted
4. D
   It is necessitated by nature to maintain the ecological balance

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