1. A
   0.1
2. B
   10
3. C
   1.0
4. D
   zero

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1. A
   Stabilising change
2. B
   Directional change
3. C
   Disruptive change
4. D
   Random change

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1. A
   It clears inhaled air from foreign particles
2. B
   Inhaled air is humidified
3. C
   Temperature of inhaled air is brought to body temperature
4. D
   Provides surface for diffusion of $O_2$ and $CO_2$

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1. A
   Bio-magnification
2. B
   Bio-remediation
3. C
   Bio-fortification
4. D
   Bio-accumulation

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1. A
   Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
2. B
   Kingdom, Class, Phylum, Family, Order, Genus, Species
3. C
   Kingdom, Order, Class, Phylum, Family, Genus, Species
4. D
   Kingdom, Order, Phylum, Class, Family, Genus, Species

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1. A
   Puberty
2. B
   Embryonic development stage
3. C
   Birth
4. D
   Adult

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1. A
   Zoospores
2. B
   Conidia
3. C
   Gemmules
4. D
   Buds

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1. A
   Retroviral vector is introduced into these lymphocytes.
2. B
   Gene isolated from marrow cells producing ADA is introduced into cells at embryonic stages
3. C
   Lymphocytes from patient's blood are grown in culture, outside the body.
4. D
   Genetically engineered lymphocytes are not immortal cells.

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1. A
   All the chromosomes lie at the equator at metaphase
2. B
   Spindle fibres attach to centromere of chromosomes
3. C
   Chromosomes decondense at telophase
4. D
   Splitting of centromere occurs at anaphase

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1. A
   Catabolism
2. B
   Fragmentation
3. C
   Humification
4. D
   Decomposition

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1. A
   25%
2. B
   50%
3. C
   75%
4. D
   100%

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1. A
   Primary response is produced when our body encounters a pathogen for the first time.
2. B
   Anamnestic response is elicited on subsequent encounters with the same pathogen.
3. C
   Anamnestic response is due to memory of first encounter.
4. D
   Acquired immunity is non-specific type of defense present at the time of birth.

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1. A
   (a), (b) and (d) only
2. B
   (b) only
3. C
   (c) and (d) only
4. D
   (c), (d) and (e) only

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1. A
   The atrio-ventricular node (AVN) generates an action potential to stimulate atrial contraction
2. B
   The tricuspid and the bicuspid valves open due to the pressure exerted by the simultaneous contraction of the atria
3. C
   Blood moves freely from atrium to the ventricle during joint diastole.
4. D
   Increased ventricular pressure causes closing of the semilunar valves.

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1. A
   (a) - (iii), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (i)
2. B
   (a) - (iv), (b) - (ii), (c) - (i), (d) - (iii)
3. C
   (a) - (ii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (iii), (d) - (i)
4. D
   (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (i), (d) - (ii)

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1. A
   20 cells
2. B
   40 cells
3. C
   60 cells
4. D
   80 cells

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1. A
   a, d, b, c
2. B
   d, b, a, c
3. C
   a, b, c, d
4. D
   a, c, b, d

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1. A
   (a) and (c) only
2. B
   (b), (d) and (e) only
3. C
   (a) and (e) only
4. D
   (b) and (c) only

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1. A
   Presence of origin of replication
2. B
   Presence of a marker gene
3. C
   Presence of single restriction enzyme site
4. D
   Presence of two or more recognition sites

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1. A
   Analogous structures are a result of convergent evolution
2. B
   Sweet potato and potato is an example of analogy
3. C
   Homology indicates common ancestry
4. D
   Flippers of penguins and dolphins are a pair of homologous organs

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1. A
   The membranes of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons are in close proximity in an electrical synapse.
2. B
   Electrical current can flow directly from one neuron into the other across the electrical synapse.
3. C
   Chemical synapses use neurotransmitters
4. D
   Impulse transmission across a chemical synapse is always faster than that across an electrical synapse.

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1. A
   (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (i), (d) - (ii)
2. B
   (a) - (i), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iii), (d) - (iv)
3. C
   (a) - (ii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iv), (d) - (iii)
4. D
   (a) - (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)

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1. A
   (a) - (iv), (b) - (i), (c) - (iii), (d) - (ii)
2. B
   (a) - (iv), (b) - (i), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iii)
3. C
   (a) - (ii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (iii)
4. D
   (a) - (iii), (b) - (ii), (c) - (i), (d) - (iv)

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1. A
   Cyanobacteria are a group of autotrophic organisms classified under kingdom Monera.
2. B
   Bacteria are exclusively heterotrophic organisms.
3. C
   Slime moulds are saprophytic organisms classified under Kingdom Monera.
4. D
   Mycoplasma have DNA, ribosome and cell wall.

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1. A
   Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
2. B
   Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
3. C
   Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
4. D
   Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

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