Carbon and its Compounds

1. A.
   (i) and (iii)
2. B.
   (i) and (iv)
3. C.
   (ii) and (iv)
4. D.
   (iii) and (iv)

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1. A.
   $\mathrm{C_4H_8}$
2. B.
   $\mathrm{C_2H_2}$
3. C.
   $\mathrm{C_5H_{10}}$
4. D.
   $\mathrm{C_3H_8}$

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1. A.
   $\mathrm{C_4H_{10}}$
2. B.
   $\mathrm{C_4H_8}$
3. C.
   $\mathrm{C_3H_8}$
4. D.
   $\mathrm{CH_4}$

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1. A.
   $\mathrm{CH_4}$ and $\mathrm{C_4H_{10}}$
2. B.
   $\mathrm{C_2H_6}$ and $\mathrm{C_3H_8}$
3. C.
   $\mathrm{C_3H_8}$ and $\mathrm{C_5H_{12}}$
4. D.
   $\mathrm{C_4H_8}$ and $\mathrm{C_5H_{12}}$

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1. A.
   alkane
2. B.
   alkene
3. C.
   alkyne
4. D.
   cyclic compounds

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1. A.
   $\mathrm{-OH}$
2. B.
   $\mathrm{-\underset{\mathrm{O}}{\underset{\|}{\mathrm{C}}}-OH}$
3. C.
   $\mathrm{-\underset{\mathrm{O}}{\underset{\|}{\mathrm{C}}}-}$
4. D.
   $\mathrm{-\underset{\mathrm{O}}{\underset{\|}{\mathrm{C}}}-H}$

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1. A.
   $\mathrm{-COOH}$
2. B.
   $\mathrm{-CHO}$
3. C.
   $\mathrm{-\underset{\mathrm{O}}{\underset{\|}{\mathrm{C}}}-}$
4. D.
   $\mathrm{-OH}$

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1. A.
   The hydrophobic tail of the soap molecule is in the interior of the cluster, whereas hydrophilic end is on the surface of the cluster.
2. B.
   The hydrophobic tail is on the surface of the cluster, whereas hydrophilic end is in the interior of cluster.
3. C.
   Both hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic end are in the interior of the cluster.
4. D.
   Both hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic end are on the surface of the cluster.

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1. A.
   $\mathrm{C_4H_8}$
2. B.
   $\mathrm{C_2H_2}$
3. C.
   $\mathrm{C_3H_8}$
4. D.
   $\mathrm{C_2H_4}$

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1. A.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
2. B.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
3. C.
   Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
4. D.
   Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

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1. A.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
2. B.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
3. C.
   Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
4. D.
   Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

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1. A.
   Both, Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
2. B.
   Both, Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
3. C.
   Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
4. D.
   Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

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1. A.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
2. B.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
3. C.
   Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
4. D.
   Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

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1. A.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
2. B.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
3. C.
   Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
4. D.
   Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

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1. A.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
2. B.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
3. C.
   Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
4. D.
   Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

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1. A.
   (i) and (iv)
2. B.
   (ii) and (iv)
3. C.
   (ii) and (iii)
4. D.
   (i) and (iii)

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1. A.
   $\mathrm{C_4H_{10}}$
2. B.
   $\mathrm{C_6H_{14}}$
3. C.
   $\mathrm{C_7H_{14}}$
4. D.
   $\mathrm{C_{10}H_{22}}$

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1. A.
   Benzene
2. B.
   Cyclohexane
3. C.
   Butyne
4. D.
   Propyne

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1. A.
   It is an addition reaction.
2. B.
   It takes place in the presence of nickel or palladium catalyst.
3. C.
   The product contains only single bonds between carbon atoms.
4. D.
   It is an addition reaction which occurs in the presence of an acid catalyst.

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1. A.
   Diagram (A) as printed - a three-carbon chain with a fourth carbon drawn below its last carbon; and a straight four-carbon chain; see the attached figure.
2. B.
   Diagram (B) as printed - a straight four-carbon chain; and a carbon bonded to a second carbon which carries two more carbons drawn diagonally up and down; see the attached figure.
3. C.
   Diagram (C) as printed - a straight four-carbon chain; and a two-carbon chain whose second carbon has two more carbons drawn vertically below it; see the attached figure.
4. D.
   Diagram (D) as printed - a straight four-carbon chain; and a two-carbon chain with one more carbon drawn below each of its carbons; see the attached figure.

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1. A.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
2. B.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
3. C.
   Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
4. D.
   Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

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1. A.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
2. B.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
3. C.
   Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
4. D.
   Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

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1. A.
   Propyne $\mathrm{C_3H_6}$
2. B.
   Propyne $\mathrm{C_3H_4}$
3. C.
   Butyne $\mathrm{C_4H_8}$
4. D.
   Butyne $\mathrm{C_4H_6}$

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1. A.
   (i) and (ii)
2. B.
   (ii) and (iii)
3. C.
   (ii) and (iv)
4. D.
   (i) and (iii)

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1. A.
   Diagram (A) as printed - a six-membered carbon ring structural formula; see the attached figure.
2. B.
   Diagram (B) as printed - a six-membered carbon ring structural formula; see the attached figure.
3. C.
   Diagram (C) as printed - a six-membered carbon ring structural formula; see the attached figure.
4. D.
   Diagram (D) as printed - a six-membered carbon ring structural formula; see the attached figure.

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1. A.
   6 and 6
2. B.
   9 and 3
3. C.
   3 and 9
4. D.
   3 and 3

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1. A.
   Propane, Ethene, Butyne
2. B.
   Ethene, Propane, Hexane
3. C.
   Cyclohexane, Methane, Ethane
4. D.
   Butyne, Ethene, Propyne

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1. A.
   $\mathrm{C_4H_9OH \xrightarrow[KMnO_4]{Alkaline} C_3H_7COOH}$
2. B.
   $\mathrm{2C_2H_5OH + 2Na \longrightarrow 2C_2H_5COONa + H_2}$
3. C.
   $\mathrm{CH_3COOC_2H_5 + NaOH \longrightarrow CH_3COONa + C_2H_5OH}$
4. D.
   $\mathrm{CH_3COONa + NaOH \longrightarrow CH_4 + Na_2CO_3}$

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1. A.
   $\mathrm{C_4H_{10}}$
2. B.
   $\mathrm{C_7H_{14}}$
3. C.
   $\mathrm{C_5H_{12}}$
4. D.
   $\mathrm{C_2H_6}$

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1. A.
   (a) and (b)
2. B.
   (b) and (c)
3. C.
   (a) and (c)
4. D.
   (c) and (d)

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1. A.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
2. B.
   Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
3. C.
   Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
4. D.
   Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

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1. A.
   Sodium ethanoate and oxygen
2. B.
   Sodium ethanoate and hydrogen
3. C.
   Sodium ethoxide and oxygen
4. D.
   Sodium ethoxide and hydrogen

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1. A.
   Diagram (A) as printed - an electron dot structure of two overlapping Cl atoms; see the attached figure.
2. B.
   Diagram (B) as printed - an electron dot structure of two overlapping Cl atoms; see the attached figure.
3. C.
   Diagram (C) as printed - an electron dot structure of two overlapping Cl atoms; see the attached figure.
4. D.
   Diagram (D) as printed - an electron dot structure of two overlapping Cl atoms; see the attached figure.

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1. A.
   Diagram (A) as printed - an electron-dot diagram of two overlapping atoms; see the attached figure.
2. B.
   Diagram (B) as printed - an electron-dot diagram of two overlapping atoms; see the attached figure.
3. C.
   Diagram (C) as printed - an electron-dot diagram of two overlapping atoms; see the attached figure.
4. D.
   Diagram (D) as printed - an electron-dot diagram of two overlapping atoms; see the attached figure.

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1. A.
   A and C are isomers of hexane and B is benzene.
2. B.
   A is an isomer of hexane, B is benzene and C is an isomer of hexene.
3. C.
   A is a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon and B and C are unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons.
4. D.
   A is cyclohexane and B and C are the isomers of benzene.

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1. A.
   6
2. B.
   3
3. C.
   10
4. D.
   4

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