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Science · Textbook solutions

Carbon and its Compounds

Every solved example, exercise, and miscellaneous question — in the order the textbook teaches them. · 36 questions

4.1 Bonding in Carbon — The Covalent Bond

2 q

Questions

Practice · 2
  1. IT 4.1 Q1
    What would be the electron dot structure of carbon dioxide which has the formula CO₂?
  2. IT 4.1 Q2
    What would be the electron dot structure of a molecule of sulphur which is made up of eight atoms of sulphur? (Hint — The eight atoms of sulphur are joined together in the form of a ring.)

4.2 Versatile Nature of Carbon

10 q

Questions

Practice · 10
  1. IT 4.2 Q1
    How many structural isomers can you draw for pentane?
  2. IT 4.2 Q2
    What are the two properties of carbon which lead to the huge number of carbon compounds we see around us?
  3. IT 4.2 Q3
    What will be the formula and electron dot structure of cyclopentane?
  4. Draw the structures for the following compounds.
    IT 4.2 Q4 (i)
    Ethanoic acid
  5. Draw the structures for the following compounds.
    IT 4.2 Q4 (ii)
    Bromopentane
  6. Draw the structures for the following compounds.
    IT 4.2 Q4 (iii)
    Butanone
  7. Draw the structures for the following compounds.
    IT 4.2 Q4 (iv)
    Hexanal
  8. How would you name the following compounds?
    IT 4.2 Q5 (i)
    CH3−CH2−Br\text{CH}_3 - \text{CH}_2 - \text{Br}
  9. How would you name the following compounds?
    IT 4.2 Q5 (ii)
    A compound in which a carbon atom carries two hydrogen atoms and is double-bonded to an oxygen atom — printed as H—CHO.
  10. How would you name the following compounds?
    IT 4.2 Q5 (iii)
    A six-carbon chain carrying a triple bond between the last two carbon atoms — printed as CH3−CH2−CH2−CH2−C≡CH\text{CH}_3 - \text{CH}_2 - \text{CH}_2 - \text{CH}_2 - \text{C} \equiv \text{CH}.

4.3 Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds

2 q

Questions

Practice · 2
  1. IT 4.3 Q1
    Why is the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid an oxidation reaction?
  2. IT 4.3 Q2
    A mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt for welding. Can you tell why a mixture of ethyne and air is not used?

4.4 Some Important Carbon Compounds — Ethanol and Ethanoic Acid

2 q

Questions

Practice · 2
  1. IT 4.4 Q1
    How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid?
  2. IT 4.4 Q2
    What are oxidising agents?

4.5 Soaps and Detergents

2 q

Questions

Practice · 2
  1. IT 4.5 Q1
    Would you be able to check if water is hard by using a detergent?
  2. IT 4.5 Q2
    People use a variety of methods to wash clothes. Usually after adding the soap, they ‘beat’ the clothes on a stone, or beat it with a paddle, scrub with a brush or the mixture is agitated in a washing machine. Why is agitation necessary to get clean clothes?

Exercises

18 q
  1. Ex 4 Q1
    Ethane, with the molecular formula C₂H₆ has
    1. A.
      6 covalent bonds
    2. B.
      7 covalent bonds
    3. C.
      8 covalent bonds
    4. D.
      9 covalent bonds
  2. Ex 4 Q2
    Butanone is a four-carbon compound with the functional group
    1. A.
      carboxylic acid
    2. B.
      aldehyde
    3. C.
      ketone
    4. D.
      alcohol
  3. Ex 4 Q3
    While cooking, if the bottom of the vessel is getting blackened on the outside, it means that
    1. A.
      the food is not cooked completely
    2. B.
      the fuel is not burning completely
    3. C.
      the fuel is wet
    4. D.
      the fuel is burning completely
  4. Ex 4 Q4
    Explain the nature of the covalent bond using the bond formation in CH₃Cl.
  5. Draw the electron dot structures for
    Ex 4 Q5 (a)
    ethanoic acid.
  6. Draw the electron dot structures for
    Ex 4 Q5 (b)
    H₂S.
  7. Draw the electron dot structures for
    Ex 4 Q5 (c)
    propanone.
  8. Draw the electron dot structures for
    Ex 4 Q5 (d)
    F₂.
  9. Ex 4 Q6
    What is an homologous series? Explain with an example.
  10. Ex 4 Q7
    How can ethanol and ethanoic acid be differentiated on the basis of their physical and chemical properties?
  11. Ex 4 Q8
    Why does micelle formation take place when soap is added to water? Will a micelle be formed in other solvents such as ethanol also?
  12. Ex 4 Q9
    Why are carbon and its compounds used as fuels for most applications?
  13. Ex 4 Q10
    Explain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap.
  14. Ex 4 Q11
    What change will you observe if you test soap with litmus paper (red and blue)?
  15. Ex 4 Q12
    What is hydrogenation? What is its industrial application?
  16. Ex 4 Q13
    Which of the following hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions: C₂H₆, C₃H₈, C₃H₆, C₂H₂ and CH₄.
  17. Ex 4 Q14
    Give a test that can be used to differentiate between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
  18. Ex 4 Q15
    Explain the mechanism of the cleaning action of soaps.