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Science · Textbook solutions

Metals and Non-metals

Every solved example, exercise, and miscellaneous question — in the order the textbook teaches them. · 46 questions

3.1 Physical Properties

5 q

Questions

Practice · 5
  1. Give an example of a metal which
    IT 3.1 Q1 (i)
    is a liquid at room temperature.
  2. Give an example of a metal which
    IT 3.1 Q1 (ii)
    can be easily cut with a knife.
  3. Give an example of a metal which
    IT 3.1 Q1 (iii)
    is the best conductor of heat.
  4. Give an example of a metal which
    IT 3.1 Q1 (iv)
    is a poor conductor of heat.
  5. IT 3.1 Q2
    Explain the meanings of malleable and ductile.

3.2 Chemical Properties of Metals

8 q

Questions

Practice · 8
  1. IT 3.2 Q1
    Why is sodium kept immersed in kerosene oil?
  2. Write equations for the reactions of
    IT 3.2 Q2 (i)
    iron with steam
  3. Write equations for the reactions of
    IT 3.2 Q2 (ii)
    calcium and potassium with water
  4. Samples of four metals A, B, C and D were taken and added to the following solutions one by one. The results obtained have been tabulated as follows.
    MetalIron(II) sulphateCopper(II) sulphateZinc sulphateSilver nitrate
    ANo reactionDisplacement——
    BDisplacement—No reaction—
    CNo reactionNo reactionNo reactionDisplacement
    DNo reactionNo reactionNo reactionNo reaction
    (A dash marks a cell the book leaves blank.) Use the table above to answer the following questions about metals A, B, C and D.
    IT 3.2 Q3 (i)
    Which is the most reactive metal?
  5. Samples of four metals A, B, C and D were taken and added to the following solutions one by one. The results obtained have been tabulated as follows.
    MetalIron(II) sulphateCopper(II) sulphateZinc sulphateSilver nitrate
    ANo reactionDisplacement——
    BDisplacement—No reaction—
    CNo reactionNo reactionNo reactionDisplacement
    DNo reactionNo reactionNo reactionNo reaction
    (A dash marks a cell the book leaves blank.) Use the table above to answer the following questions about metals A, B, C and D.
    IT 3.2 Q3 (ii)
    What would you observe if B is added to a solution of Copper(II) sulphate?
  6. Samples of four metals A, B, C and D were taken and added to the following solutions one by one. The results obtained have been tabulated as follows.
    MetalIron(II) sulphateCopper(II) sulphateZinc sulphateSilver nitrate
    ANo reactionDisplacement——
    BDisplacement—No reaction—
    CNo reactionNo reactionNo reactionDisplacement
    DNo reactionNo reactionNo reactionNo reaction
    (A dash marks a cell the book leaves blank.) Use the table above to answer the following questions about metals A, B, C and D.
    IT 3.2 Q3 (iii)
    Arrange the metals A, B, C and D in the order of decreasing reactivity.
  7. IT 3.2 Q4
    Which gas is produced when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a reactive metal? Write the chemical reaction when iron reacts with dilute H₂SO₄.
  8. IT 3.2 Q5
    What would you observe when zinc is added to a solution of iron(II) sulphate? Write the chemical reaction that takes place.

3.3 How do Metals and Non-metals React?

4 q

Questions

Practice · 4
  1. Answer the following about the formation and nature of ionic compounds.
    IT 3.3 Q1 (i)
    Write the electron-dot structures for sodium, oxygen and magnesium.
  2. Answer the following about the formation and nature of ionic compounds.
    IT 3.3 Q1 (ii)
    Show the formation of Na₂O and MgO by the transfer of electrons.
  3. Answer the following about the formation and nature of ionic compounds.
    IT 3.3 Q1 (iii)
    What are the ions present in these compounds?
  4. IT 3.3 Q2
    Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

3.4 Occurrence of Metals

5 q

Questions

Practice · 5
  1. Define the following terms.
    IT 3.4 Q1 (i)
    Mineral
  2. Define the following terms.
    IT 3.4 Q1 (ii)
    Ore
  3. Define the following terms.
    IT 3.4 Q1 (iii)
    Gangue
  4. IT 3.4 Q2
    Name two metals which are found in nature in the free state.
  5. IT 3.4 Q3
    What chemical process is used for obtaining a metal from its oxide?

3.5 Corrosion

3 q

Questions

Practice · 3
  1. Metallic oxides of zinc, magnesium and copper were heated with the following metals.
    Metal →ZincMagnesiumCopper
    Zinc oxide
    Magnesium oxide
    Copper oxide
    (The book prints this grid empty, for the reader to fill in.)
    IT 3.5 Q1
    In which cases will you find displacement reactions taking place?
  2. IT 3.5 Q2
    Which metals do not corrode easily?
  3. IT 3.5 Q3
    What are alloys?

Exercises

21 q
  1. Ex 3 Q1
    Which of the following pairs will give displacement reactions?
    1. A.
      NaCl solution and copper metal
    2. B.
      MgCl₂ solution and aluminium metal
    3. C.
      FeSO₄ solution and silver metal
    4. D.
      AgNO₃ solution and copper metal
  2. Ex 3 Q2
    Which of the following methods is suitable for preventing an iron frying pan from rusting?
    1. A.
      Applying grease
    2. B.
      Applying paint
    3. C.
      Applying a coating of zinc
    4. D.
      All of the above
  3. Ex 3 Q3
    An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point. This compound is also soluble in water. The element is likely to be
    1. A.
      calcium
    2. B.
      carbon
    3. C.
      silicon
    4. D.
      iron
  4. Ex 3 Q4
    Food cans are coated with tin and not with zinc because
    1. A.
      zinc is costlier than tin
    2. B.
      zinc has a higher melting point than tin
    3. C.
      zinc is more reactive than tin
    4. D.
      zinc is less reactive than tin
  5. You are given a hammer, a battery, a bulb, wires and a switch.
    Ex 3 Q5 (a)
    How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals?
  6. You are given a hammer, a battery, a bulb, wires and a switch.
    Ex 3 Q5 (b)
    Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-metals.
  7. Ex 3 Q6
    What are amphoteric oxides? Give two examples of amphoteric oxides.
  8. Ex 3 Q7
    Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids, and two metals which will not.
  9. Ex 3 Q8
    In the electrolytic refining of a metal M, what would you take as the anode, the cathode and the electrolyte?
  10. Pratyush took sulphur powder on a spatula and heated it. He collected the gas evolved by inverting a test tube over it.
    Ex 3 Q9 (a)
    What will be the action of the gas on (i) dry litmus paper? (ii) moist litmus paper?
  11. Pratyush took sulphur powder on a spatula and heated it. He collected the gas evolved by inverting a test tube over it.
    Ex 3 Q9 (b)
    Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction taking place.
  12. Ex 3 Q10
    State two ways to prevent the rusting of iron.
  13. Ex 3 Q11
    What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen?
  14. Give reasons.
    Ex 3 Q12 (a)
    Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery.
  15. Give reasons.
    Ex 3 Q12 (b)
    Sodium, potassium and lithium are stored under oil.
  16. Give reasons.
    Ex 3 Q12 (c)
    Aluminium is a highly reactive metal, yet it is used to make utensils for cooking.
  17. Give reasons.
    Ex 3 Q12 (d)
    Carbonate and sulphide ores are usually converted into oxides during the process of extraction.
  18. Ex 3 Q13
    You must have seen tarnished copper vessels being cleaned with lemon or tamarind juice. Explain why these sour substances are effective in cleaning the vessels.
  19. Ex 3 Q14
    Differentiate between metal and non-metal on the basis of their chemical properties.
  20. Ex 3 Q15
    A man went door to door posing as a goldsmith. He promised to bring back the glitter of old and dull gold ornaments. An unsuspecting lady gave a set of gold bangles to him which he dipped in a particular solution. The bangles sparkled like new but their weight was reduced drastically. The lady was upset but after a futile argument the man beat a hasty retreat. Can you play the detective to find out the nature of the solution he had used?
  21. Ex 3 Q16
    Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of iron).