Social Science · Textbook solutions

Sectors of the Indian Economy

Every solved example, exercise, and miscellaneous question, in the order the textbook teaches them. · 62 questions

Sectors of Economic Activities

4 q

Let's Work These Out

Practice · 4

The chapter's table of examples of economic activities gives four situations and asks what each one shows. The first row is already filled in: farmers refusing to sell sugarcane to a sugar mill shuts the mill down, which is an example of the secondary or industrial sector being dependent on the primary.
LW 2.1 Q1 $Complete the above table to show how sectors are dependent on each other.$
LW 2.1 Q2 $Explain the difference between primary, secondary and tertiary sectors using examples other than those mentioned in the text.$
LW 2.1 Q3 $Classify the following list of occupations under primary, secondary and tertiary sectors: Tailor, Basket weaver, Flower cultivator, Milk vendor, Fishermen, Priest, Courier, Workers in match factory, Moneylender, Gardener, Potter, Bee-keeper, Astronaut, Call centre employee$
LW 2.1 Q4 $Students in a school are often classified into primary and secondary or junior and senior. What is the criterion that is used? Do you think this is a useful classification? Discuss.$

Comparing the Three Sectors

3 q

Let's Work These Out

Practice · 3

LW 2.2 Q1 $What does the history of developed countries indicate about the shifts that have taken place between sectors?$
Correct and arrange the important aspects for calculating GDP from this Jumble: "To count goods and services we add the numbers that are produced. We count all those that were produced in the last five years. Since we shouldn't leave out anything we add up all these goods and services."
LW 2.2 Q2 $Correct and arrange the important aspects for calculating GDP from this Jumble.$
LW 2.2 Q3 $Discuss with your teacher how you could calculate the total value of a good or service by using the method of value added at each stage.$

Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors in India

12 q

Let's Work These Out

Practice · 12

Answer the following questions by looking at the graph of GDP by primary, secondary and tertiary sectors for 1973-74 and 2013-14.
LW 2.3 Q1 $Which was the largest producing sector in 1973-74?$
Answer the following questions by looking at the graph of GDP by primary, secondary and tertiary sectors for 1973-74 and 2013-14.
LW 2.3 Q2 $Which is the largest producing sector in 2013-14?$
Answer the following questions by looking at the graph of GDP by primary, secondary and tertiary sectors for 1973-74 and 2013-14.
LW 2.3 Q3 $Can you say which sector has grown the most over forty years?$
Answer the following questions by looking at the graph of GDP by primary, secondary and tertiary sectors for 1973-74 and 2013-14.
LW 2.3 Q4 $What was the GDP of India in 2013-14?$
The chapter's table of the share of the primary sector in GDP and employment has two rows, Share in GDP and Share in employment, and four columns: 1973-74, 1977-78, 2013-14 and 2017-18. It is to be completed from the graph of the share of sectors in GDP (1973-74 and 2013-14) and the graph of the share of sectors in employment (1977-78 and 2017-18). Ignore if data are not available for some years.
LW 2.4 Q1 $Complete the table using the data given in Graphs 2 and 3 and answer the question that follows. What are the changes that you observe in the primary sector over a span of forty years?$
Choose the correct answer:
LW 2.4 Q2 $Underemployment occurs when people$
Tap an option to check your answer.
LW 2.4 Q3 $Compare and contrast the changes in India with the pattern that was observed for developed countries. What kind of changes between sectors were desired but did not happen in India?$
LW 2.4 Q4 $Why should we be worried about underemployment?$
LW 2.5 Q1 $Why do you think MGNREGA 2005 is referred to as ‘Right to work’?$
LW 2.5 Q2 $Imagine that you are the village head. In that capacity suggest some activities that you think should be taken up under this Act that would also increase the income of people? Discuss.$
LW 2.5 Q3 $How would income and employment increase if farmers were provided with irrigation and marketing facilities?$
LW 2.5 Q4 $In what ways can employment be increased in urban areas?$

Division of Sectors as Organised and Unorganised

7 q

Let's Work These Out

Practice · 7

Look at the following examples. Which of these are unorganised sector activities? (i) A teacher taking classes in a school (ii) A headload worker carrying a bag of cement on his back in a market (iii) A farmer irrigating her field (iv) A doctor in a hospital treating a patient (v) A daily wage labourer working under a contractor (vi) A factory worker going to work in a big factory (vii) A handloom weaver working in her house
LW 2.6 Q1 $Which of these are unorganised sector activities?$
LW 2.6 Q2 $Talk to someone who has a regular job in the organised sector and another who works in the unorganised sector. Compare and contrast their working conditions in all aspects.$
LW 2.6 Q3 $How would you distinguish between organised and unorganised sectors? Explain in your own words.$
The chapter's table of workers in different sectors, in millions, is printed with gaps:
Sector Organised Unorganised Total
Primary 1 232
Secondary 41 74 115
Tertiary 40 88 128
Total 82
Total in Percentage 100%
LW 2.6 Q4 $The table below shows the estimated number of workers in India in the organised and unorganised sectors. Read the table carefully. Fill in the missing data.$
From the chapter's table of workers in different sectors, in millions: the primary sector has 232 million workers in all, of whom 1 million are in the organised sector.
LW 2.6 Q4 (i) $What is the percentage of people in the unorganised sector in agriculture?$
LW 2.6 Q4 (ii) $Do you agree that agriculture is an unorganised sector activity? Why?$
From the chapter's table of workers in different sectors, in millions: 82 million of India's 475 million workers are in the organised sector.
LW 2.6 Q4 (iii) $If we look at the country as a whole, we find that ____% of the workers in India are in the unorganised sector. Organised sector employment is available to only about ____% of the workers in India.$

Sector	Organised	Unorganised	Total
Primary	1		232
Secondary	41	74	115
Tertiary	40	88	128
Total	82
Total in Percentage			100%

Exercises

36 q

Fill in the blanks using the correct option given in the bracket:
Ex 2 Q1 (i) $Employment in the service sector _________ increased to the same extent as production. (has / has not)$
Fill in the blanks using the correct option given in the bracket:
Ex 2 Q1 (ii) $Workers in the _________ sector do not produce goods. (tertiary / agricultural)$
Fill in the blanks using the correct option given in the bracket:
Ex 2 Q1 (iii) $Most of the workers in the _________ sector enjoy job security. (organised / unorganised)$
Fill in the blanks using the correct option given in the bracket:
Ex 2 Q1 (iv) $A _________ proportion of labourers in India are working in the unorganised sector. (large / small)$
Fill in the blanks using the correct option given in the bracket:
Ex 2 Q1 (v) $Cotton is a _________ product and cloth is a _________ product. [natural / manufactured]$
Fill in the blanks using the correct option given in the bracket:
Ex 2 Q1 (vi) $The activities in primary, secondary and tertiary sectors are _________ [independent / interdependent]$
Choose the most appropriate answer.
Ex 2 Q2 (a) $The sectors are classified into public and private sector on the basis of:$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Choose the most appropriate answer.
Ex 2 Q2 (b) $Production of a commodity, mostly through the natural process, is an activity in _________ sector.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Choose the most appropriate answer.
Ex 2 Q2 (c) $GDP is the total value of _________ produced during a particular year.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Choose the most appropriate answer.
Ex 2 Q2 (d) $In terms of GDP the share of tertiary sector in 2013-14 is between _________ per cent.$
Tap an option to check your answer.

Ex 2 Q3

Match the following: Problems faced by farming sector Some possible measures 1. Unirrigated land (a) Setting up agro-based mills 2. Low prices for crops (b) Cooperative marketing societies 3. Debt burden (c) Procurement of food grains by government 4. No job in the off season (d) Construction of canals by the government 5. Compelled to sell their grains to the local traders soon after harvest (e) Banks to provide credit with low interest

Find the odd one out and say why.
Ex 2 Q4 (i) $Tourist guide, dhobi, tailor, potter$
Find the odd one out and say why.
Ex 2 Q4 (ii) $Teacher, doctor, vegetable vendor, lawyer$
Find the odd one out and say why.
Ex 2 Q4 (iii) $Postman, cobbler, soldier, police constable$
Find the odd one out and say why.
Ex 2 Q4 (iv) $MTNL, Indian Railways, Air India, Jet Airways, All India Radio$

Problems faced by farming sector	Some possible measures
1. Unirrigated land	(a) Setting up agro-based mills
2. Low prices for crops	(b) Cooperative marketing societies
3. Debt burden	(c) Procurement of food grains by government
4. No job in the off season	(d) Construction of canals by the government
5. Compelled to sell their grains to the local traders soon after harvest	(e) Banks to provide credit with low interest

A research scholar looked at the working people in the city of Surat and found the following.

Place of work	Nature of employment	Percentage of working people
In offices and factories registered with the government	Organised	15
Own shops, office, clinics in marketplaces with formal license		15
People working on the street, construction workers, domestic workers		20
Working in small workshops usually not registered with the government

Ex 2 Q5

Complete the table. What is the percentage of workers in the unorganised sector in this city?

Ex 2 Q6 $Do you think the classification of economic activities into primary, secondary and tertiary is useful? Explain how.$
Ex 2 Q7 $For each of the sectors that we came across in this chapter why should one focus on employment and GDP? Could there be other issues which should be examined? Discuss.$
Ex 2 Q8 $Make a long list of all kinds of work that you find adults around you doing for a living. In what way can you classify them? Explain your choice.$
Ex 2 Q9 $How is the tertiary sector different from other sectors? Illustrate with a few examples.$
Ex 2 Q10 $What do you understand by disguised unemployment? Explain with an example each from the urban and rural areas.$
Ex 2 Q11 $Distinguish between open unemployment and disguised unemployment.$
Ex 2 Q12 $“Tertiary sector is not playing any significant role in the development of Indian economy.” Do you agree? Give reasons in support of your answer.$
Ex 2 Q13 $Service sector in India employs two different kinds of people. Who are these?$
Ex 2 Q14 $Workers are exploited in the unorganised sector. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer.$
Ex 2 Q15 $How are the activities in the economy classified on the basis of employment conditions?$
Ex 2 Q16 $Compare the employment conditions prevailing in the organised and unorganised sectors.$
Ex 2 Q17 $Explain the objective of implementing the MG NREGA 2005.$
Ex 2 Q18 $Using examples from your area compare and contrast that activities and functions of private and public sectors.$
Ex 2 Q19 $Discuss and fill the following table giving one example each from your area. Well managed organisation Badly managed organisation Public sector Private Sector$
Ex 2 Q20 $Give a few examples of public sector activities and explain why the government has taken them up.$
Ex 2 Q21 $Explain how public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation.$
Ex 2 Q22 $The workers in the unorganised sector need protection on the following issues : wages, safety and health. Explain with examples.$
Ex 2 Q23 $A study in Ahmedabad found that out of 15,00,000 workers in the city, 11,00,000 worked in the unorganised sector. The total income of the city in this year (1997-1998) was Rs 60,000 million. Out of this Rs 32,000 million was generated in the organised sector. Present this data as a table. What kind of ways should be thought of for generating more employment in the city?$
The following table gives the GDP in Rupees (Crores) by the three sectors:
Year Primary Secondary Tertiary
2000 52,000 48,500 1,33,500
2013 8,00,500 10,74,000 38,68,000
Ex 2 Q24 (i) $Calculate the share of the three sectors in GDP for 2000 and 2013.$
The following table gives the GDP in Rupees (Crores) by the three sectors:
Year Primary Secondary Tertiary
2000 52,000 48,500 1,33,500
2013 8,00,500 10,74,000 38,68,000
Ex 2 Q24 (iii) $What conclusions can we draw from the bar graph?$

	Well managed organisation	Badly managed organisation
Public sector
Private Sector

Year	Primary	Secondary	Tertiary
2000	52,000	48,500	1,33,500
2013	8,00,500	10,74,000	38,68,000

Year	Primary	Secondary	Tertiary
2000	52,000	48,500	1,33,500
2013	8,00,500	10,74,000	38,68,000