Biology · Textbook solutions

Respiration and Circulation

Every solved example, exercise, and miscellaneous question, in the order the textbook teaches them. Plus every board question asked from this chapter. · 49 questions

Exercise

49 q

Q1. Choose the correct alternatives from those given below...

Practice · 15

Choose the correct alternatives from those given below and complete the statements.
Ex Q1(1) $The muscular structure that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity is _______.$
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Ex Q1(2) $What is the minimum number of plasma membrane that oxygen has to diffuse across to pass from air in the alveolus to haemoglobin inside a R.B.C.?$
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Ex Q1(3) $________ is a sound producing organ,$
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Ex Q1(4) $The maximum volume of gas that is inhaled during breathing in addition to T.V is _____.$
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Ex Q1(5) $________ muscles contract when the external intercostal muscles contract$
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Ex Q1(6) $Movement of cytoplasm in unicellular organisms is called __________.$
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Ex Q1(7) $Which of the following animals do not have closed circulation?$
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Ex Q1(8) $Diapedesis is performed by _________.$
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Ex Q1(9) $Pacemaker of heart is _________.$
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Ex Q1(10) $Which of the following is without nucleus?$
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Ex Q1(11) $Cockroach shows which kind of circulatory system?$
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Ex Q1(12) $Diapedesis can be seen in _________ cell.$
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Ex Q1(13) $Opening of inferior vena cava is guarded by __________.$
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Ex Q1(14) $___________ wave in ECG represent atrial depolarization.$
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Ex Q1(15) $The fluid seen in the intercellular spaces in Human is _________$
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Q2. Match the Respiratory surface to the organism in which...

Practice · 1

Ex Q2 $Match the Respiratory surface to the organism in which it is found. Respiratory surface Organism Plasma membrane Insect Lungs Salamander External gills Bird Internal Gills Amoeba Trachea Fish$

Respiratory surface	Organism
Plasma membrane	Insect
Lungs	Salamander
External gills	Bird
Internal Gills	Amoeba
Trachea	Fish

Q3. Very short answer questions

Practice · 4

Very short answer questions.
Ex Q3(1) $Why does trachea have ‘C’ shaped rings of cartilage?$
Ex Q3(2) $Why is respiration in insect called direct respiration?$
Ex Q3(3) $Why is gas exchange very rapid at alveolar level.$
Ex Q3(4) $Name the organ which prevents the following the entry of food into the trachea while eating.$

Q4. Short answer questions

Practice · 9

Short answer questions.
Ex Q4(1) $Why is it advantageous to breathe through the nose than through the mouth?$
Ex Q4(2) $Identify the incorrect statement and correct it, a. A respiratory surface area should have a large surface area. b. A respiratory surface area should be kept dry. c. A respiratory surface area should be thin, may be 1mm or less.$
Ex Q4(3) $Given below are the characteristics of some modified respiratory movement. Identify them. a. Spasmodic contraction of muscles of expiration and forceful expulsion of air through nose and mouth. b. An inspiration followed by many short convulsive expiration accompanied by facial expression.$
Ex Q4(4) $Write a note on blood plasma.$
Ex Q4(5) $Explain blood clotting in short.$
Ex Q4(6) $Describe pericardium.$
Ex Q4(7) $Describe valves of human heart.$
Ex Q4(8) $What is role of papillary muscles and chordae tendinae in human heart?$
Ex Q4(9) $Explain in brief the factors affecting blood pressure.$

Q5. Give scientific reason

Practice · 5

Give scientific reason.
Ex Q5(1) $Closed circulation is more efficient than open circulation.$
Ex Q5(2) $Human heart is called as myogenic and autorhythmic.$
Ex Q5(3) $Person who has undergone heart transplant needs lifetime supply of immunosupressants.$
Ex Q5(4) $Arteries are thicker than veins.$
Ex Q5(5) $Left ventricle is thick than all other chambers of heart.$

Q6. Distinguish between

Practice · 5

Distinguish between :
Ex Q6(1) $Open and closed circulation.$
Ex Q6(2) $Artery and vein.$
Ex Q6(3) $Blood and lymph.$
Ex Q6(4) $Blood capillary and lymph capillary.$
Ex Q6(5) $Intrinsic and extrinsic process of clotting.$

Q7. Long answer questions

Practice · 10

Long answer questions.
Ex Q7(1) $Smita was working in a garage with the doors closed and automobiles engine running. After some time she felt breathless and fainted. What would be the reason? How can she be treated?$
Ex Q7(2) $Shreyas went to a garden on a wintry morning. When he came back, he found it difficult to breath and started wheezing. What could be the possible condition and how can he be treated?$
Ex Q7(3) $Why can you feel a pulse when you keep a finger on the wrist or neck but not when you keep them on a vein?$
Ex Q7(4) $\text{cm}^3$
Ex Q7(5) $Which blood vessel of the heart will have the maximum content of Oxygen and why?$
Ex Q7(6) $If the duration of the atrial systole is 0.1 sec and that of complete diastole is 0.4 sec, then how does one cardiac cycle complete in 0.8 sec?$
Ex Q7(7) $How is blood kept moving in the large veins of the legs?$
Ex Q7(8) $Describe histological structure of artery, vein and capillary.$
Ex Q7(9) $What is blood pressure? How is it measured? Explain factors affecting blood pressure.$
Ex Q7(10) $Describe human blood and give its functions.$

What the board has asked from this chapter

Questions per paper · 5 papers · 2024 to 2026

June 2026

4 q

Q. 2(vi) $What is the approximate volume of blood pumped out during one cardiac cycle in adult human?$
Heart
Q. 9 $Write a note on Angina-Pectoris.$
Blood Pressure
Q. 25 $Differentiate between inspiration and expiration during breathing process.$
Mechanism of Respiration
Q. 27 $Give location and function of any four valves present in human heart.$
Heart

February 2026

4 q

Q. 1(ix) $Which is the largest WBC among the following?$
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White Blood Corpuscles
Q. 3 $Give the features of respiratory surface for gaseous exchange.$
Organs of Respiratory Exchange

Q. 15

Match the respiratory surface to the organism in which it is found : Organisms Respiratory surface / organs (1) Limulus (a) Lungs (2) Protists (b) Internal gills (3) Tadpoles of frog (c) Book lungs (4) Fishes (d) External gills (5) Reptiles (e) Plasma membrane (6) Spiders (f) Book gills (g) Cloaca

Organisms	Respiratory surface / organs
(1) Limulus	(a) Lungs
(2) Protists	(b) Internal gills
(3) Tadpoles of frog	(c) Book lungs
(4) Fishes	(d) External gills
(5) Reptiles	(e) Plasma membrane
(6) Spiders	(f) Book gills
	(g) Cloaca

Organs of Respiratory Exchange

Q. 28 $What is cardiac cycle? Draw a normal ECG and label it. What do P-wave and QRS complex represent?$
Electrocardiogram

July 2025

5 q

Q. 2(iii) $Give the term for the condition in which the number of WBCs in blood decreases below normal.$
White Blood Corpuscles
Q. 3 $Give any two reasons why breathing through nose is beneficial than through mouth.$
Human Respiratory System
Q. 7 $Identify the disorders showing following symptoms : (a) Constriction of bronchioles, mucus build up in bronchioles, periodic wheezing, difficulty in breathing. (b) Inflammation of sinuses and mucous discharge.$
Common Disorders of Respiratory System
Q. 14 $Differentiate between Inspiration and Expiration with respect to position of diaphragm and working of intercostal muscles.$
Mechanism of Respiration
Q. 18 $Write the name and position of any three valves in human heart.$
Heart

July 2024

5 q

Q. 1(vii) $_____ cellular fragments are formed from megakaryocytes.$
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Platelets
Q. 2(v) $Name the connection between pulmonary trunk and aortic arch representing remnant of embryonic ductus arteriosus.$
Heart
Q. 9 $Identify A,B,C and D from the following table regarding respiratory system : Organism Habitat Respiratory organ A Terrestrial Tracheal tubes and spiracles Scorpions Terrestrial B Sponges C Plasma membrane Turtles Underwater D$
Organs of Respiratory Exchange
Q. 17 $Explain the following events of cardiac cycle with respect to type of valves and duration : (a) atrial systole (b) ventricular systole (c) joint diastole$
Working Mechanism of Human Heart
Q. 26 $(a) What is hematocrit? (b) Mention the term with respect to - (i) Temporary increase in number of WBCs (ii) Decrease in number of RBCs$
Red Blood Corpuscles

Organism	Habitat	Respiratory organ
A	Terrestrial	Tracheal tubes and spiracles
Scorpions	Terrestrial	B
Sponges	C	Plasma membrane
Turtles	Underwater	D

March 2024

4 q

Q. 1(iv) $Which of the following divides nasal cavity?$
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Human Respiratory System
Q. 13 $Select and rewrite appropriate disorder of respiratory system with the given symptoms : [ sinusitis, emphysema, silicosis and asbestosis, laryngitis ] (a) Breakdown of alveoli, shortness of breath. (b) Inflammation of the sinuses, mucous discharge. (c) Inflammation of larynx, vocal cord, sore throat, hoarseness of voice, mucous build up and cough. (d) Inflammation of fibrosis, lung damage.$
Common Disorders of Respiratory System
Q. 20 $Identify A, B, and C from the above diagrams and give their functions.$
White Blood Corpuscles
Q. 31 $Interpret the given diagrams A and B. Enlist the changes occuring during inspiration and expiration.$
Mechanism of Respiration

The 10 board questions to practise first

The questions the board asked again come first, most asked first. Each one says how often and when.

Question 1
Asked 2 times: Jul 2025, Jun 2026
Q. 25 $Differentiate between inspiration and expiration during breathing process.$
Question 2
Asked 2 times: Jul 2025*, Jun 2026 (* = numbers or wording changed that year)
Q. 27 $Give location and function of any four valves present in human heart.$

Question 3

This type asked 2 times: Jul 2024, Feb 2026. This one: Feb 2026

Q. 15

Match the respiratory surface to the organism in which it is found : Organisms Respiratory surface / organs (1) Limulus (a) Lungs (2) Protists (b) Internal gills (3) Tadpoles of frog (c) Book lungs (4) Fishes (d) External gills (5) Reptiles (e) Plasma membrane (6) Spiders (f) Book gills (g) Cloaca

Question 4
This type asked 2 times: Mar 2024, Jul 2025. This one: Jul 2025
Q. 7 $Identify the disorders showing following symptoms : (a) Constriction of bronchioles, mucus build up in bronchioles, periodic wheezing, difficulty in breathing. (b) Inflammation of sinuses and mucous discharge.$
Question 5
Asked once: Jul 2024 (same type asked 2 times)
Q. 9 $Identify A,B,C and D from the following table regarding respiratory system : Organism Habitat Respiratory organ A Terrestrial Tracheal tubes and spiracles Scorpions Terrestrial B Sponges C Plasma membrane Turtles Underwater D$
Question 6
Asked once: Mar 2024 (same type asked 2 times)
Q. 13 $Select and rewrite appropriate disorder of respiratory system with the given symptoms : [ sinusitis, emphysema, silicosis and asbestosis, laryngitis ] (a) Breakdown of alveoli, shortness of breath. (b) Inflammation of the sinuses, mucous discharge. (c) Inflammation of larynx, vocal cord, sore throat, hoarseness of voice, mucous build up and cough. (d) Inflammation of fibrosis, lung damage.$
Question 7
Asked once: Jun 2026
Q. 9 $Write a note on Angina-Pectoris.$
Question 8
Asked once: Jun 2026
Q. 2(vi) $What is the approximate volume of blood pumped out during one cardiac cycle in adult human?$
Question 9
Asked once: Feb 2026
Q. 28 $What is cardiac cycle? Draw a normal ECG and label it. What do P-wave and QRS complex represent?$
Question 10
Asked once: Feb 2026
Q. 1(ix) $Which is the largest WBC among the following?$
Tap an option to check your answer.

Exercise

Q1. Choose the correct alternatives from those given below...

Q2. Match the Respiratory surface to the organism in which...

Q3. Very short answer questions

Q4. Short answer questions

Q5. Give scientific reason

Q6. Distinguish between

Q7. Long answer questions

What the board has asked from this chapter

June 2026

February 2026

July 2025

July 2024

March 2024

The 10 board questions to practise first

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Question 9

Question 10