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Geography · Textbook solutions

Population: Part 1

Every solved example, exercise, and miscellaneous question — in the order the textbook teaches them. Plus every board question asked from this chapter. · 48 questions

Chapter activities

28 q

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Practice · 28
  1. Observe the pie-charts shown in Fig 1.1 carefully and answer the questions that follow.
    ContinentPercent of total land mass (%)Population distribution (%, 2019)
    Africa20.4016.96
    Antarctica9.20not shown
    Asia29.2059.65
    North America16.509.69
    South America12.008.40
    Europe6.804.75
    Australia5.900.55
    Source : UN data (https://data.un.org)
    Act p00 F1.1(1)
    Which continent has the least population?
  2. Act p00 F1.1(2)
    Which continent has the least landmass and also the least population?
  3. Act p00 F1.1(3)
    Which continent has the most landmass as well as most of the population?
  4. Act p00 F1.1(4)
    Which continent is missing in one of the pie charts? Why?
  5. Act p00 T1.1
    Table 1.1 shows the 10 most populated countries in the world in 2018 with their areas. Calculate their population densities and complete the table. Table 1.1
    RankCountryPopulation in Crores (2018)Approx. Area (in lakh sq.km.)Population Density
    1China142.896.0.........
    2India135.332.9.........
    3United States of America (USA)32.795.3.........
    4Indonesia26.819.1.........
    5Pakistan21.28.9.........
    6Brazil20.985.2.........
    7Nigeria19.69.2.........
    8Bangladesh16.11.5.........
    9Russia14.6171.0.........
    10Mexico12.619.7.........
  6. Act p02 T1.2
    Compare the world population distribution map with the physical map of the world, and complete the table showing the impact of physical factors on population distribution. One has been done for you as an example. Table 1.2
    ContinentPhysical Factors Responsible for High PopulationPhysical Factors Responsible for Less or No Population
    North AmericaCoastal areasForests, desert, snow-covered land
    Asia..................
    Africa..................
    South America..................
    Europe..................
    Australia..................
  7. Act p02 CYT
    Can you think of the factors besides physiography which affect the distribution of population? Make a list.
  8. Act p03 T1.3
    Here are some physical and human factors affecting the distribution of population. Fill in suitable examples of countries or regions in the table. Two examples have been solved for your convenience. Table 1.3
    Physical / Human FactorsHigh DensityLow Density
    1) ReliefFlat, Lowland e.g. Ganges plainsMountainous area e.g. Himalayas
    2) Climate..................
    3) Availability of Resources..................
    4) EconomicBusiness and financial centre. e.g. TokyoLow economic growth. e.g. Louisiania
    5) Social..................
    6) Government Policies..................
    7) Cultural..................
  9. Fig. 1.5 gives two satellite images of the same area, Ambegaon Budruk in Pune: image (A) is from the year 2005 and image (B) from the year 2019. A highway passes through the area.
    Act p05 F1.5(1)
    What difference do you see between the two images?
  10. Act p05 F1.5(2)
    What might have caused these changes?
  11. Fig. 1.6 shows two weighing balances. On the first balance the pan labelled 'Birth Rate' hangs lower than the pan labelled 'Death Rate'. On the second balance the pan labelled 'Death Rate' hangs lower than the pan labelled 'Birth Rate'.
    Act p06 F1.6(1)
    What does the image show?
  12. Act p06 F1.6(2)
    What happens to the population when deaths are more than births?
  13. Act p06 F1.6(3)
    What happens to the population when births are more than deaths?
  14. Act p06 F1.6(4)
    What happens when both are same? Is it possible?
  15. In 2019 there were 3,250 births in a city with a population of 2,23,000, so its crude birth rate was 14.57 per thousand. In the same year the total number of deaths in that city was 2,986.
    Act p07 CDR(1)
    Can you calculate the death rate in the above example?
  16. Act p07 CDR(2)
    On the basis of the Birth Rate given earlier and the Death Rate calculated by you, what change in population do you observe?
  17. Act p07 T1.4
    Observe the table 1.4. Arrange the data in ascending order for birth rates and death rates respectively. Table 1.4
    CountryCrude BR (2017)Crude DR (2017)
    Sweden11.59.1
    India18.17.2
    Greece8.211.6
    China12.47.1
    USA11.88.5
    Niger46.58.5
  18. Act p07 T1.5
    Birth rates and death rates determine the growth or decline in the population. Complete the table, where different combinations of Birth Rates and Death Rates are given. One has been done for you as an example. Table 1.5
    Sr. No.Birth RateDeath RateEffect on Population Growth
    1HighHighStable / Low Increase
    2HighDecreasing.........
    3HighLow.........
    4DecreasingLow.........
    5LowLow.........
  19. Fig. 1.7, Demographic Transition Theory, is a graph with Time along the X-axis and 'Birth and death rates (per 1000 people)' from 0 to 40 along the Y-axis. It is divided into five vertical bands labelled 1 High stationary, 2 Early expanding, 3 Late expanding, 4 Low stationary and 5 Declining. A blue line labelled 'Birth rate' and a black line labelled 'Death rate' both start near 38 to 40 in stage 1 and run close together. In stage 2 the black death-rate line falls steeply while the blue birth-rate line stays high. In stage 3 the blue birth-rate line falls steeply while the black line continues to fall more gently. In stage 4 both lines are low and almost together, near 10. In stage 5 they are shown as broken lines, with the blue birth-rate line dipping below the black death-rate line. A green shaded area between the two lines, spanning stages 2, 3 and 4, is labelled 'Natural increase'. A blue shaded area between the two lines in stage 5 is labelled 'Natural decrease'. An orange area rising across the whole graph is labelled 'Total population'.
    Act p08 F1.7(1)
    What do the blue and the black lines show?
  20. Act p08 F1.7(2)
    What does the green part in the graph show?
  21. Act p08 F1.7(3)
    What does the blue part in the graph show?
  22. Act p08 F1.7(4)
    In which stages is the birth rate more than the death rate?
  23. Act p08 F1.7(5)
    In which stages is the birth rate same as the death rate?
  24. Act p08 F1.7(6)
    In which stage is the death rate more than birth rate?
  25. Act p09 UBP
    In which stage of demographic transition do you think India is passing right now?
  26. Look at fig. 1.7, the Demographic Transition Theory graph, and answer :
    Act p09 CYT(1)
    If the crude birth rate is 7 and the crude death rate is 8 then which stage of demographic transition is the country in?
  27. Act p09 CYT(2)
    If a country has crude death rate of 20 and crude birth rate of 24, then which stage of demographic transition is the country in?
  28. Act p10 Timeline
    Find out in what multiples the world population has increased over the following timeline, and write down your findings. For example, in the initial phase, the population took 6 centuries (1000 to 1600 A.D.) to double itself.
    Year (A.D.)World population, approx. (in millions)
    1000254
    1100301
    1200360
    1300360
    1400350
    1500425
    1600550
    1700600
    1800813
    19001550
    19101750
    19201860
    19302070
    19402300
    19502400
    19603100
    19703700
    19804500
    19905200
    20006300
    20107000

Exercise

20 q
  1. Identify the correct correlation : A: Assertion; R : Reasoning
    Ex Q1(1)
    A : Areas which have fertile soil have dense population. R : Fertile soils are good for agriculture.
    1. A.
      Only A is correct
    2. B.
      Only R is correct
    3. C.
      Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
    4. D.
      Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
  2. Ex Q1(2)
    A : Population of a region does not change. R : Birth rate, death rate and migration affect the population of a region.
    1. A.
      Only A is correct
    2. B.
      Only R is correct
    3. C.
      Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
    4. D.
      Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
  3. Ex Q1(3)
    A : In stage 2, death rate reduces but birth rate is constant. R : The population increases rapidly in stage 2.
    1. A.
      Only A is correct
    2. B.
      Only R is correct
    3. C.
      Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
    4. D.
      Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
  4. Write short notes on :
    Ex Q2(1)
    Impact of relief on population distribution.
  5. Ex Q2(2)
    Correlation between birth rates and death rates.
  6. Ex Q2(3)
    Stage 3 of Demographic Transition theory.
  7. Give geographical reasons :
    Ex Q3(1)
    India is passing through Stage 3 of demographic transition.
  8. Ex Q3(2)
    Population distribution is uneven.
  9. Ex Q3(3)
    Population increases because of transportation facilities.
  10. Ex Q3(4)
    Secondary and tertiary activities increase in the third stage of demographic transition.
  11. Ex Q3(5)
    Population may increase though birth rates are low.
  12. Ex Q3(6)
    Population density is a function of population and area of a region.
  13. Answer in detail :
    Ex Q4(1)
    Explain the physical factors affecting distribution of population.
  14. Ex Q4(2)
    In the first and fifth stage of the demographic transition, population growth is almost nil. What is the difference between the two stages then?
  15. Ex Q4(3)
    Discuss the problems faced by countries in stage 4 and stage 5.
  16. Ex Q5
    Draw a neat labelled diagram for demographic transition theory and its various stages.
  17. On an outline map of the world, show the following with index :
    Ex Q6(1)
    Highly populated region in Australia.
  18. Ex Q6(2)
    Sparsely populated region in India.
  19. Ex Q6(3)
    Any 2 countries in stage 5 of Demographic Transition Theory.
  20. Ex Q6(4)
    Any 2 countries in stage 2 of Demographic Transition Theory.