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Geography · Textbook solutions

Population: Part 2

Every solved example, exercise, and miscellaneous question — in the order the textbook teaches them. Plus every board question asked from this chapter. · 52 questions

Chapter activities

37 q

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Practice · 37
  1. In fig. 2.1, A, B and C are three population pyramids. Study their shapes and answer the questions that follow. Pyramid (A): the bars are longest at the 0-5 band and shorten steadily at every higher age band, tapering to a very narrow apex above 80. Pyramid (B): the bars are short at the base, widen upward, are longest in the 55-70 bands, and then taper to the apex. Pyramid (C): the bars are of almost equal length from the base up to about age 60, after which they shorten towards the apex.
    Act p00 F2.1(1)
    In which pyramid(s) the number of children will be the least?
  2. Act p00 F2.1(2)
    In which pyramid(s) the number of old people will be the least?
  3. Act p00 F2.1(3)
    Which pyramid(s) represent(s) a 'young country'?
  4. Act p00 F2.1(4)
    Which pyramid(s) represent(s) a country with high medical expenditure?
  5. Act p00 F2.1(5)
    Which pyramid(s) represent(s) a country with a large manpower?
  6. Act p00 F2.1(6)
    Which pyramid(s) represent(s) developing and developed countries respectively?
  7. The population pyramid of India for 2016 is given in fig. 2.2. In it the 0-5, 5-10, 10-15 and 15-20 bands are all close to the maximum of about 42 to 45 million for each sex, and every band above them is shorter than the one below, tapering to a very narrow apex at 100+.
    Act p01 F2.2(1)
    Which pyramid type does India belong to?
  8. Act p01 F2.2(2)
    Comment upon the age-structure of its population.
  9. Read the following table and answer the questions that follow : Table 2.1 : India - Demographic Dividend
    DecadeRatio of working/non-working populationPercentage of working population
    2001-101.33 : 157.1
    2011-201.53 : 160.5
    2021-30 (projected)1.81 : 164.4
    2031-40 (projected)1.72 : 163.2
    Source : Economic Survey, 2016-17, Pg. 33
    Act p02 T2.1(1)
    What does the table show?
  10. Act p02 T2.1(2)
    What is the relationship between second and third column?
  11. Act p02 T2.1(3)
    How will this relationship affect the economy of India?
  12. Act p02 T2.1(4)
    What will happen if the ratio decreases over the years?
  13. Answer the questions after studying table 2.2 carefully : Table 2.2
    CountryRetirement Age reforms being implemented or under consideration (in years)
    GermanyRetirement age to increase gradually to 66 by 2023 and to 67 by 2029
    United States of AmericaRetirement age to rise gradually to reach 67 for those born in 1960 or later
    United KingdomRetirement age to increase for both men and women to 66 by October 2020 and further to 67 between 2026-28
    AustraliaRetirement age scheduled to increase gradually to 67 by 2023
    ChinaBy 2045, to increase retirement age for both men and women to 65
    JapanUnder consideration to raise the retirement age to 70
    IndiaOn an average, 60 years. May vary from 55 years to 65 years according to services
    Source: Economic Survey 2018-19 Vol 1, Pg 145
    Act p03 T2.2(1)
    What does the table show?
  14. Act p03 T2.2(2)
    Classify these countries into developed and developing.
  15. Act p03 T2.2(3)
    What could be the reasons behind increasing the retirement age in these countries?
  16. Act p03 T2.2(4)
    What will be the impact of increase in the retirement age on the economy of the respective countries?
  17. Act p03 T2.2(5)
    Why is China considering increasing the age later in 2045?
  18. Act p03 T2.2(7)
    Write a concluding statement about the relationship between age structure, life expectancy and economy of a country.
  19. Read the following graph in fig. 2.3 and answer the questions that follow : Adult literacy rate by region and sex, 2016 (per cent)
    RegionTotalMaleFemale
    Central Asia100100100
    Europe and Northern America999999
    Eastern and South-Eastern Asia969794
    Latin America and the Caribbean949490
    Northern Africa and Western Asia818574
    Southern Asia728063
    Sub-Saharan Africa657257
    World869083
    Act p04 F2.3(1)
    Which region has the highest literacy rate?
  20. Act p04 F2.3(2)
    Which region has the lowest literacy rate?
  21. Act p04 F2.3(3)
    In which region does women fare better than men in literacy rate?
  22. Act p04 F2.3(4)
    Write a concluding paragraph about the graph.
  23. Study the table 2.3 carefully and answer the questions that follow : Table 2.3 : Occupational Structure of India (1901-2011), per cent
    Category19011951196119711981199120012011
    A. Primary Sector (1+2+3+4)71.972.772.372.669.467.457.448.96
    1. Cultivator50.650.052.843.441.638.529.626.4
    2. Agricultural Labourers16.919.716.726.324.926.425.420.3
    3. Livestock, forestry, fishing etc.4.32.42.32.42.31.91.71.5
    4. Mining and quarrying0.10.60.50.50.60.60.70.8
    B. Secondary Sector (5+6)12.510.011.710.712.912.116.823.52
    5. Manufacturing11.79.010.69.511.310.212.416.92
    6. Construction0.81.01.11.21.61.94.46.6
    C. Tertiary Sector (7+8+9)15.617.316.016.717.720.525.827.52
    7. Trade and Commerce6.05.34.05.66.27.511.112.1
    8. Transport, Storage and Communications1.11.51.62.42.72.84.14.8
    9. Other Services8.510.510.48.78.810.210.610.7
    Total100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0
    Act p04 T2.3(1)
    What does the table show?
  24. Act p04 T2.3(2)
    Which sector has the highest occupation? In which year?
  25. Act p04 T2.3(3)
    Which sector has the lowest occupation? In which year?
  26. Act p04 T2.3(4)
    In which sector is the working population increasing?
  27. Act p04 T2.3(5)
    In which sector is the working population occupation decreasing?
  28. Act p04 T2.3(6)
    Draw a suitable diagram for statistical information showing A, B and C columns from 1901-2011.
  29. Act p04 T2.3(7)
    Compare the data. Write a concluding paragraph on the graph.
  30. Act p05 CYT
    On the basis of which other characteristics can you explain the composition of population? Make a list.
  31. Read the following events and answer the questions that follow : 1) Ramprasad has grown up in a village in Northern India. His uncle who lives in Mumbai has called him to Mumbai and offered him a job. 2) Ritika has completed her post-graduation from a famous college in Pune. She landed a job in a big company in the USA. It's been 5 years and now she has settled there. 3) Sahmat's country is undergoing a war situation. For security reasons, the people had to leave their country and go somewhere else compulsorily. Sahmat and her family have taken refuge in the neighbouring country. 4) Babanrao is a small farmer from the Marathwada region. He faced losses in agriculture due to drought. Some other family problems also forced him to sell his land and he shifted to the nearby city. Now he is working and earning livelihood for himself and his family. 5) Ritesh from Pimpalwadi completed his school education in his village. He has gone to Nashik for further education. 6) Latika, daughter of Surekha and Sandeep from Satara, went to Solapur after marriage.
    Act p05 Mig(1)
    What similarities do you find in these events?
  32. Act p05 Mig(2)
    Is there a change in the location in these events? Why?
  33. Act p05 Mig(3)
    Arrange these 6 events according to the difference in the relative distance between the new and the old locations.
  34. Act p05 Mig(4)
    Make a list of reasons for leaving the original location.
  35. Act p05 Mig(5)
    Classify the reasons into willing and reluctant.
  36. Act p05 Mig(6)
    Make a list of reasons behind migration besides the ones given here.
  37. Act p08 T2.4
    Complete the table 2.4, which shows the impact of migration on the population. One is solved as an example. Table 2.4
    Sr. No.Type of migrationPositive effectsNegative effects
    1International migrationEmployment is available to migrants. Improves their financial status.Resources are affected. Sometimes, they might be sent back to their original country.
    2Internal migration..................
    aRural to urban migration..................
    bUrban to rural migration..................
    cRural to rural migration..................
    dUrban to urban migration..................
    3Seasonal / temporary migration..................

Exercise

15 q
  1. Identify the correct co-relation : A : Assertion; R : Reasoning
    Ex Q1(1)
    A : Increase in dependency ratio will affect the economy. R : Medical costs are high when there are more elderly in the population.
    1. A.
      Only A is correct
    2. B.
      Only R is correct
    3. C.
      Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
    4. D.
      Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
  2. Ex Q1(2)
    A : In population pyramid, a broad base indicates high number of children in a country. R : Broad apex is an indicator of high number of elderly in a country.
    1. A.
      Only A is correct
    2. B.
      Only R is correct
    3. C.
      Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
    4. D.
      Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
  3. Write short notes on :
    Ex Q2(1)
    Population growth and migration.
  4. Ex Q2(2)
    Population pyramid and sex ratio.
  5. Ex Q2(3)
    Occupational structure of a population.
  6. Ex Q2(4)
    Literacy rate.
  7. Give geographical reasons :
    Ex Q3(1)
    In developed countries, percentage of population engaged in agriculture is low.
  8. Ex Q3(2)
    Literacy rate of a country is an indicator of its socio-economic development.
  9. Ex Q3(3)
    Demographic dividend increases when proportion of working population increases.
  10. Ex Q3(4)
    Migration is not always permanent.
  11. Differentiate between :
    Ex Q4(1)
    Donor region and Recipient region.
  12. Ex Q4(2)
    Expansive pyramid and Constrictive pyramid.
  13. Answer in detail :
    Ex Q5(1)
    Outline the importance of population pyramids in the study of populations.
  14. Ex Q5(2)
    Explain the rural and urban population structure.
  15. Ex Q5(3)
    Examine the impact of migration on the population structure of a country.