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Geography · Textbook solutions

Primary Economic Activities

Every solved example, exercise, and miscellaneous question — in the order the textbook teaches them. Plus every board question asked from this chapter. · 71 questions

Chapter activities

37 q

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Practice · 37
  1. Observe the map in fig. 4.1 and answer the questions that follow. Fig. 4.1 is a world map titled 'World - Major Regions of Primary activities'. Its index has five classes: Agriculture (green), Animal husbandry (tan), Fishing (blue bands along coasts and over banks), Mining (pink stars) and Lumbering (orange log symbols). Latitude lines are marked at 60 degrees N, 30 degrees N, 0, 30 degrees S and 60 degrees S. Named on it are the Okhotsk Sea, Dogger Bank, Grand Bank, Sable Bank and Georges Bank; the continents North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and Antarctica; and the Arctic, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Southern Oceans. What the map shows: green agriculture over eastern North America, most of Europe, south and east Asia, parts of eastern and southern Africa, eastern South America and the coastal margins of Australia. Tan animal husbandry over the interior of North America, central and western Asia, the interior of South America, the interior and east of Australia, and the belt south of the Sahara. Blue fishing bands off north-west Europe, off the north-east coast of North America over the Grand, Sable and Georges Banks, across the north-west Pacific around the Okhotsk Sea and the coasts of Japan and China, off the west coast of South America, off the west coast of Africa, and around south-east Australia. Pink mining stars scattered across every continent except Antarctica, and also offshore in the seas. Orange lumbering symbols in a broad belt across the far north of North America, Europe and Asia, with scattered symbols in the tropics of South America, Africa, South East Asia and Australia. Antarctica carries no symbol of any kind.
    Act p01 F4.1(1)
    Which economic activities are shown on the map?
  2. Act p01 F4.1(2)
    In which regions do you not find any activity? What could be the reason?
  3. Act p01 F4.1(3)
    In which latitudes do you primarily find the distribution of lumbering activity?
  4. Act p01 F4.1(4)
    Why is fishing occupation only found in certain areas in the oceans?
  5. Act p01 F4.1(5)
    Which primary economic activities are mostly found in Europe?
  6. Act p01 F4.1(6)
    What production does the symbol of mining shown in seas and oceans depict?
  7. Act p01 F4.1(7)
    In which continent is mining not found?
  8. Act p01 F4.1(8)
    In which ocean is the world's fishing mostly carried out?
  9. Act p01 F4.1(9)
    Which primary economic activities are found to the south of Tropic of Capricorn?
  10. Act p01 F4.1(10)
    Which primary activity is found in the islands of South East Asia?
  11. Act p01 F4.1(11)
    Considering all the four continents, in which continent do you find less agriculture being practised?
  12. Act p01 F4.1(12)
    Write a paragraph on relationship between latitudinal extent of agriculture and climate in your own words.
  13. Act p01 T4.1
    Complete the following table. One has been done for you as an example. Table 4.1
    Primary economic activityNatural resources required for the activityFactors affecting activities: NaturalFactors affecting activities: Man-made
    AgricultureLand, soil, water, airSlope of land, Quality of soil, favourable climate, rainfallFertilizers, insecticides, farm machines
    Animal husbandry...........................
    Fishing...........................
    Mining...........................
    Lumbering...........................
    Gathering...........................
  14. Observe the map in fig. 4.1 and answer the questions that follow. Fig. 4.1 is a world map titled 'World - Major Regions of Primary activities'. Its index has five classes: Agriculture (green), Animal husbandry (tan), Fishing (blue bands along coasts and over banks), Mining (pink stars) and Lumbering (orange log symbols). Latitude lines are marked at 60 degrees N, 30 degrees N, 0, 30 degrees S and 60 degrees S. Named on it are the Okhotsk Sea, Dogger Bank, Grand Bank, Sable Bank and Georges Bank; the continents North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and Antarctica; and the Arctic, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Southern Oceans. What the map shows: green agriculture over eastern North America, most of Europe, south and east Asia, parts of eastern and southern Africa, eastern South America and the coastal margins of Australia. Tan animal husbandry over the interior of North America, central and western Asia, the interior of South America, the interior and east of Australia, and the belt south of the Sahara. Blue fishing bands off north-west Europe, off the north-east coast of North America over the Grand, Sable and Georges Banks, across the north-west Pacific around the Okhotsk Sea and the coasts of Japan and China, off the west coast of South America, off the west coast of Africa, and around south-east Australia. Pink mining stars scattered across every continent except Antarctica, and also offshore in the seas. Orange lumbering symbols in a broad belt across the far north of North America, Europe and Asia, with scattered symbols in the tropics of South America, Africa, South East Asia and Australia. Antarctica carries no symbol of any kind.
    Act p02 Lumb(1)
    Which countries in the monsoon region practise lumbering on a larger scale?
  15. Act p02 Lumb(2)
    In which part of Australia is lumbering carried on?
  16. Act p02 Lumb(3)
    Why do you think lumbering is not carried out in the Northern part of Africa?
  17. Act p02 Lumb(4)
    Write a note on the relationship between latitudes and lumbering.
  18. Act p02 Lumb(5)
    Why is lumbering not developed on a commercial level in equatorial regions?
  19. Act p02 T4.2
    Complete Table 4.2. One has been done for you as an example. Table 4.2 : Lumbering practised in different parts of the world
    Type of forestRegionsCharacteristics of forestsCharacteristics of lumbering activity
    Equatorial Evergreen forestsAmazon river basin in South America, Congo river basin of Africa, West coast of Africa, South East Asia, Papua New GuineaDense forests; many species in a small area; hard wood trees; accessibility is difficult; inhospitable climateDense forests increase inaccessibility and transportation issues; traditional methods of lumbering; insects and reptiles cause problems; hard wood is comparatively less in demand than softwood; presence of many species in one region makes it unprofitable
    Tropical Deciduous forest (Monsoon)...........................
    Temperate deciduous forest...........................
    Temperate Coniferous forest...........................
  20. Observe the map in fig. 4.1 and answer the questions that follow. Fig. 4.1 is a world map titled 'World - Major Regions of Primary activities'. Its index has five classes: Agriculture (green), Animal husbandry (tan), Fishing (blue bands along coasts and over banks), Mining (pink stars) and Lumbering (orange log symbols). Latitude lines are marked at 60 degrees N, 30 degrees N, 0, 30 degrees S and 60 degrees S. Named on it are the Okhotsk Sea, Dogger Bank, Grand Bank, Sable Bank and Georges Bank; the continents North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and Antarctica; and the Arctic, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Southern Oceans. What the map shows: green agriculture over eastern North America, most of Europe, south and east Asia, parts of eastern and southern Africa, eastern South America and the coastal margins of Australia. Tan animal husbandry over the interior of North America, central and western Asia, the interior of South America, the interior and east of Australia, and the belt south of the Sahara. Blue fishing bands off north-west Europe, off the north-east coast of North America over the Grand, Sable and Georges Banks, across the north-west Pacific around the Okhotsk Sea and the coasts of Japan and China, off the west coast of South America, off the west coast of Africa, and around south-east Australia. Pink mining stars scattered across every continent except Antarctica, and also offshore in the seas. Orange lumbering symbols in a broad belt across the far north of North America, Europe and Asia, with scattered symbols in the tropics of South America, Africa, South East Asia and Australia. Antarctica carries no symbol of any kind.
    Act p03 Fish(1)
    Along which coast of North America is the Grand Bank located?
  21. Act p03 Fish(2)
    Along which coast of South America is the fishing mostly practised?
  22. Act p03 Fish(3)
    In which part of the Australian continent has fishing activity developed?
  23. Act p03 Fish(4)
    Fishing is carried out on large scale on the Western coast of Africa than on the Eastern coast. Give reasons.
  24. Act p03 Fish(5)
    Commercial fishing is practised on the Southern coast of Greenland. Give reasons.
  25. Observe the map in fig. 4.1 and answer the questions that follow. Fig. 4.1 is a world map titled 'World - Major Regions of Primary activities'. Its index has five classes: Agriculture (green), Animal husbandry (tan), Fishing (blue bands along coasts and over banks), Mining (pink stars) and Lumbering (orange log symbols). Latitude lines are marked at 60 degrees N, 30 degrees N, 0, 30 degrees S and 60 degrees S. Named on it are the Okhotsk Sea, Dogger Bank, Grand Bank, Sable Bank and Georges Bank; the continents North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and Antarctica; and the Arctic, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Southern Oceans. What the map shows: green agriculture over eastern North America, most of Europe, south and east Asia, parts of eastern and southern Africa, eastern South America and the coastal margins of Australia. Tan animal husbandry over the interior of North America, central and western Asia, the interior of South America, the interior and east of Australia, and the belt south of the Sahara. Blue fishing bands off north-west Europe, off the north-east coast of North America over the Grand, Sable and Georges Banks, across the north-west Pacific around the Okhotsk Sea and the coasts of Japan and China, off the west coast of South America, off the west coast of Africa, and around south-east Australia. Pink mining stars scattered across every continent except Antarctica, and also offshore in the seas. Orange lumbering symbols in a broad belt across the far north of North America, Europe and Asia, with scattered symbols in the tropics of South America, Africa, South East Asia and Australia. Antarctica carries no symbol of any kind.
    Act p04 AH(1)
    Do you think there is a correlation between animal husbandry and grasslands?
  26. Act p04 AH(2)
    In which continent is animal husbandry not practised on a large scale?
  27. Act p04 AH(3)
    In which regions of the world do animal husbandry and agriculture coincide?
  28. Act p04 AH(4)
    Animal husbandry is found in between which latitudes of the world?
  29. Act p04 AH(5)
    In which zone between 30 degrees North and 30 degrees South latitudes is animal husbandry not found on a large scale? What could be the reason behind?
  30. Act p04 AH(6)
    What could be the reason of concentration of animal husbandry in the Eastern part of Australia?
  31. Act p04 AH(7)
    Why is animal husbandry developed more in the arid regions of the interior of the continents?
  32. Observe the map in fig. 4.1 and answer the questions that follow. Fig. 4.1 is a world map titled 'World - Major Regions of Primary activities'. Its index has five classes: Agriculture (green), Animal husbandry (tan), Fishing (blue bands along coasts and over banks), Mining (pink stars) and Lumbering (orange log symbols). Latitude lines are marked at 60 degrees N, 30 degrees N, 0, 30 degrees S and 60 degrees S. Named on it are the Okhotsk Sea, Dogger Bank, Grand Bank, Sable Bank and Georges Bank; the continents North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and Antarctica; and the Arctic, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Southern Oceans. What the map shows: green agriculture over eastern North America, most of Europe, south and east Asia, parts of eastern and southern Africa, eastern South America and the coastal margins of Australia. Tan animal husbandry over the interior of North America, central and western Asia, the interior of South America, the interior and east of Australia, and the belt south of the Sahara. Blue fishing bands off north-west Europe, off the north-east coast of North America over the Grand, Sable and Georges Banks, across the north-west Pacific around the Okhotsk Sea and the coasts of Japan and China, off the west coast of South America, off the west coast of Africa, and around south-east Australia. Pink mining stars scattered across every continent except Antarctica, and also offshore in the seas. Orange lumbering symbols in a broad belt across the far north of North America, Europe and Asia, with scattered symbols in the tropics of South America, Africa, South East Asia and Australia. Antarctica carries no symbol of any kind.
    Act p05 Min(1)
    In which part of North American continent is mining mainly found?
  33. Act p05 Min(2)
    Mining activity is located along which coastal side of the continent of South America?
  34. Act p05 Min(3)
    Comparing other primary economic activities, do you think the extent of mining is related to latitudes? Why?
  35. Act p05 Min(4)
    Looking at the concentration of mining in the world, can you relate it with the economic development of the country?
  36. Act p05 AgriChain
    Complete the chain by matching each set of characteristics in column B with its type of agriculture in column C.
    Characteristics (B)Type of Agriculture (C)
    1) Small land holding. Maximum yield from small land. Food crops are dominant. Manual labour and use of animals. China, India, Japan, Korea, Sri Lanka and East Asian countries. Rice is the major crop.A) Shifting Agriculture
    2) Large size of farm. Capital intensive, more use of modern machinery. Monoculture. Use of machinery from sowing to harvesting. Cultivation and commercial animal husbandry is done together. Per hectare low but per capita income is high. Temperate grassland, Steppes, Praries, Downs, Pampas, Velds. Wheat and maize are the major crops.B) Horticulture
    3) Large farm size. Capital intensive. Monoculture. Local labour is employed. Crop is well managed for quality and processing. Per hectare yield low but total production is high. Once plantation is done, it gives production for 10 to 15 years. Tea, coffee, rubber, cocoa etc., spice plantations in Kerala, cashewnut plantation in Konkan region. Malaysia, India, Sri Lanka, Brazil, Indonesia, Caribbean Islands, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam.C) Market Gardening
    4) Forest land is burnt and used for agriculture. Very small farm size. Production is very less. Production can be taken for only 2-3 years. Land left fallow and move ahead looking for another land. Forest resources decline and soil erosion occurs. Mainly practiced in forested tropical regions of Asia, South-East Asia, South and Central America and Africa.D) Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
    5) Modern type of agriculture. Fulfill the demands of urban people, it is developed in fringe areas. Maximum production from limited agriculture area. Use of capital is high. Along with use of manual labour, use of scientific technology, knowledge and capital. Organic and chemical manures or fertilizers and irrigation. Practised in areas lying at distance of an overnight journey by trucks. Vegetables, fruits, milk, eggs, meat, fish etc. Developed mainly in highly industrialised and densely populated urban areas, e.g. fruits, vegetables and flowers from Khedshivapur, Saswad are brought to Pune.E) Plantation Agriculture
    6) Fruits, flowers, medicinal plants, ornamental plants etc. are produced for commercial use. Use of manual labour and mechanization. Practiced in tropical, Mediterranean and temperate regions where climate is supportive.F) Extensive Commercial Agriculture
  37. Act p07 Factors
    On the basis of the information given in the chapter, classify the factors affecting agriculture into physical and human factors.

Exercise

34 q
  1. Choose the correct option and complete the sentence :
    Ex Q1(1)
    Gathering of various products from the forests for livelihood is mainly carried in
    1. A.
      Temperate coniferous forests
    2. B.
      Temperate deciduous forests
    3. C.
      Tropical deciduous forests
    4. D.
      Equatorial evergreen forests
  2. Ex Q1(2)
    Ideal location for fishing
    1. A.
      rugged coasts, shallow seas, hot climate, growth of planktons
    2. B.
      shallow seas, confluence of warm and cold ocean currents, growth of planktons, cold climate
    3. C.
      continental shelf, growth of planktons, good fishing skills, cold climate
    4. D.
      continental shelf, broken coasts, growth of planktons, cold climate
  3. Ex Q1(3)
    Primary Economic activity not related directly to latitudinal locations
    1. A.
      lumbering
    2. B.
      fishing
    3. C.
      mining
    4. D.
      agriculture
  4. Ex Q1(4)
    Characteristics of extensive commercial agriculture
    1. A.
      monoculture, use of water, tropical, cereal production
    2. B.
      monoculture, use of machinery, tropical, cereal production
    3. C.
      monoculture, use of manual labour, equator, Thailand, horticulture
    4. D.
      monoculture, use of scientific know how, sub-tropical, production of pulses
  5. Ex Q2
    Complete the chain.
    ABC
    1) Intensive Subsistence agriculture1) Dogger Bank1) Small size of farm
    2) Pampas Grassland region2) Off shore oil and gas production2) Unfavorable
    3) Fishing3) Rice3) Bombay High
    4) Gathering4) Dense forest4) NE Atlantic Ocean
    5) Mining5) Commercial animal husbandry5) South America
  6. Write short notes on :
    Ex Q3(1)
    Plantation agriculture
  7. Ex Q3(2)
    Physical factors and fishing
  8. Ex Q3(3)
    Lumbering on a commercial scale
  9. Ex Q3(4)
    Hunting and loss of ecosystem
  10. Give geographical reasons :
    Ex Q4(1)
    Agriculture is done on a large scale in India.
  11. Ex Q4(2)
    Mining is developed in the Chhota Nagpur plateau of India.
  12. Ex Q4(3)
    Lumbering is developed on a large scale in Canada.
  13. Ex Q4(4)
    Extensive agriculture is a commercial type of agriculture.
  14. Ex Q4(5)
    Lumbering is practised more in coniferous region than in tropical region.
  15. Ex Q4(6)
    Hunting has been banned.
  16. Differentiate between :
    Ex Q5(1)
    Lumbering in equatorial forests and Temperate forests.
  17. Ex Q5(2)
    Plantation agriculture and extensive commercial agriculture.
  18. Ex Q5(3)
    Mining and Fishing.
  19. Answer the following questions :
    Ex Q6(1)
    What are the factors affecting commercial fishing?
  20. Ex Q6(2)
    Write a note on Intensive Subsistence agriculture.
  21. Ex Q6(3)
    Give the characteristics of Market Gardening.
  22. Ex Q6(4)
    Write a note on the areas in the world practicing commercial animal husbandry.
  23. Ex Q6(5)
    Mining is dependent on the extraction of naturally occurring minerals. Explain.
  24. Ex Q6(6)
    Write in detail about the characteristics of primary economic activities.
  25. On an outline map of the world, show the following with appropriate symbols and prepare an index :
    Ex Q7(1)
    Dogger Bank fishing area.
  26. Ex Q7(2)
    Area of lumbering in Asia.
  27. Ex Q7(3)
    Area of animal husbandry in Australia.
  28. Ex Q7(4)
    An area under agriculture in Europe.
  29. Ex Q7(5)
    Mining area in Arabian Sea.
  30. Ex Q7(6)
    Fishing area in South-West Atlantic Ocean.
  31. Given below is the data about the continent-wise employment engaged in primary economic activities in the year 2018.
    Continent% of population engaged in primary economic activities
    Europe7.91
    Asia24.49
    North America14.93
    South America14.94
    Africa47.28
    Australia27.79
    Source: FAO data, 2018
    Ex Q8(diagram)
    Draw a suitable diagram to represent the data.
  32. Ex Q8(1)
    In which continents is less than 10% of the population engaged in agriculture?
  33. Ex Q8(2)
    In which continent is more than 40% population engaged in agriculture?
  34. Ex Q8(3)
    Looking at the given data, can you arrange these continents in an ascending order on the basis of level of economic development?