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Biology · Textbook solutions

Excretion and Osmoregulation

Every solved example, exercise, and miscellaneous question, in the order the textbook teaches them. · 35 questions

Exercise

35 q

Q1. Choose correct option

Practice · 18
  1. Choose correct option
    Ex Q1(A)
    Which one of the following organisms would spend maximum energy in production of nitrogenous waste?

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  2. Ex Q1(B)
    In human beings, uric acid is formed due to metabolism of __________.

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  3. Ex Q1(C)
    Visceral layer : Podocytes :: PCT : _______

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  4. Ex Q1(D)
    Deproteinised plasma is found in __________.

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  5. Ex Q1(E)
    Specific gravity of urine would _______ if level of ADH increases.

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  6. Ex Q1(F)
    What is micturition?

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  7. Ex Q1(H)
    Person suffering from kidney stone is advised not to have tomatoes as it has _______.

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  8. Ex Q1(I)
    Tubular secretion does not take place in ________.

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  9. Ex Q1(J)
    The minor calyx ____________.

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  10. Ex Q1(K)
    Which one of the followings is not a part of human kidney?

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  11. Ex Q1(L)
    The yellow colour of the urine is due to presence of ___________

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  12. Ex Q1(M)
    Hypotonic filtrate is formed in _______

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  13. Ex Q1(N)
    In reptiles, uric acid is stored in _____

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  14. Ex Q1(O)
    The part of nephron which absorbs glucose and amino acid is______

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  15. Ex Q1(P)
    Bowman's capsule is located in kidney in the ________

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  16. Ex Q1(Q)
    The snakes living in desert are mainly__________

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  17. Ex Q1(R)
    Urea is a product of breakdown of ___________

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  18. Ex Q1(S)
    Volume of the urine is regulated by__________

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Q2. Answer the following questions

Practice · 7
  1. Answer the following questions
    Ex Q2(A)
    Doctors say Mr. Shaikh is suffering from urolithiasis. How it could be explained in simple words?
  2. Ex Q2(B)
    Anitaji needs to micturate several times and feels very thirsty. This is an indication of change in permeability of certain part of nephron. Which is this part?
  3. Ex Q2(C)
    Effective filtration pressure was calculated to be 20 mm Hg; where glomerular hydrostatic pressure was 70 mm of Hg. Which other pressure is affecting the filtration process? How much is it?
  4. Ex Q2(D)
    Name any one guanotelic organism.
  5. Ex Q2(E)
    Why are kidneys called 'retroperitoneal'?
  6. Ex Q2(F)
    State role of liver in urea production.
  7. Ex Q2(G)
    Why do we get bad breath after eating garlic or raw onion?

Q3. Answer the following questions

Practice · 3
  1. Answer the following questions
    Ex Q3(A)
    John has two options as treatment for his renal problem : Dialysis or kidney transplants. Which option should he choose? Why?
  2. Ex Q3(B)
    Amphibian tadpole can afford to be ammonotelic. Justify.
  3. Ex Q3(C)
    Birds are uricotelic in nature. Give reason.

Q4. Write the explanation in your word

Practice · 1
  1. Write the explanation in your word
    Ex Q4(A)
    Nitya has been admitted to hospital after heavy blood loss. Till proper treatment could be given; how did Nitya's body must have tackled the situation?

Q5. Complete the diagram / chart with correct labels /...

Practice · 5
  1. Complete the diagram / chart with correct labels / information. Write the conceptual details regarding it
    Ex Q5(A)
    Chart A, a flow chart of boxes joined by arrows. INPUT: 'Decreased arterial pressure in kidney', which branches two ways. Left branch: 'Stimulates juxtaglomerular apparatus to send a signal to afferent arterioles' leads to 'Vasodilation of efferent arterioles', which leads to 'Increases glomerular blood flow and pressure', which leads up to the RETURN TO HOMEOSTASIS box 'Restoration of normal blood pressure'. Right branch: 'Stimulates juxtaglomerular apparatus to secrete renin into the blood' leads to an empty box (__________), which leads to 'Angiotensin I is converted into angiotensin II'. That box leads down to a second empty box (__________) and across to a box 'Stimulates juxtaglomerular apparatus to secrete renin into the blood'. OUTPUT: 'Increases blood volume and blood Na+\text{Na}^{+} level' leads up to 'Restoration of normal blood pressure' and down to a third empty box (__________), which leads to the box 'Stimulates juxtaglomerular apparatus to secrete renin into the blood'.
  2. Ex Q5(B)
    Diagram B: a nephron with its glomerulus and blood vessels, drawn across a line marking two regions of the kidney, with blank label lines.
  3. Ex Q5(C)
    Diagram C: an unlabelled line drawing of a cup-shaped, double-walled structure holding a coiled tuft of capillaries, continuing below into a tube lined by cells.
  4. Ex Q5(D)
    Chart D, a flow chart of boxes joined by arrows. First INPUT: 'Low water concentration in blood detected by osmoreceptors in hypothalamus' leads to 'Stimulates release of hypothalamic ADH by posterior pituitary', which leads to an empty box (______________), which leads to 'Facultative water reabsorption', which leads to the OUTPUT box 'High water concentration in blood'. Second INPUT: 'Na+\text{Na}^{+} transported from proximal convoluted tubules into blood' leads to 'Causes higher osmotic pressure in peritubular blood than in filtrate', which leads to 'High water concentration in blood', which leads to the same OUTPUT box. The OUTPUT box 'High water concentration in blood' leads to 'Inhibits secretion of _____' and to the RETURN TO HOMEOSTASIS box 'Restoration of normal water concentration in blood'.
  5. Ex Q5(E)
    Picture E: an unlabelled drawing of a person's arm connected by a loop of tubing to a tall cylindrical unit, with pressure gauges, a roller pump and a syringe on the tubing and arrows showing the direction of flow.

Q6. Prove that mammalian urine contains urea

Practice · 1
  1. Ex Q6
    Prove that mammalian urine contains urea.