Chemistry · Textbook solutions

Elements of Group 13, 14 and 15

Every solved example, exercise, and miscellaneous question — in the order the textbook teaches them. · 41 questions

9. Elements of Group 13, 14 and 15 — worked examples

6 q

Solved Examples

Worked · 6
  1. Solved Ex.9.1
    Atomic numbers of the group 13 elements are in the order B < Al < Ga < In < Tl. Arrange these elements in increasing order of ionic radii of M3⊕\mathrm{M^{3\oplus}}.
  2. Solved Ex.9.2
    Why the atomic radius of Gallium is less than that of aluminium ?
  3. Solved Ex.9.3
    The values of the first ionization enthalpy of Al, Si and P are 577, 786 and 1012 kJ mol−1\mathrm{kJ\ mol^{-1}} respectively. Explain the observed trend.
  4. Solved Ex.9.4
    Why Tl⊕1\mathrm{Tl^{\oplus 1}} ion is more stable than Tl⊕3\mathrm{Tl^{\oplus 3}} ?
  5. Solved Ex.9.5
    GeCl4\mathrm{GeCl_4} is more stable than GeCl2\mathrm{GeCl_2} while PbCl2\mathrm{PbCl_2} is more stable than PbCl4\mathrm{PbCl_4}. Explain.
  6. Solved Ex.9.6
    Nitrogen does not form NCl5\mathrm{NCl_5} or NF5\mathrm{NF_5} but phosphorous can. Explain.

Exercise

35 q

1. Choose correct option.

Practice · 5
  1. Choose correct option.
    Ex Q.1 (A)
    Which of the following is not an allotrope of carbon ?
    1. A.
      bucky ball
    2. B.
      diamond
    3. C.
      graphite
    4. D.
      emerald
  2. Ex Q.1 (B)
    ____________ is inorganic graphite
    1. A.
      borax
    2. B.
      diborane
    3. C.
      boron nitride
    4. D.
      colemanite
  3. Ex Q.1 (C)
    Haber's process is used for preparation of ____________
    1. A.
      HNO3\mathrm{HNO_3}
    2. B.
      NH3\mathrm{NH_3}
    3. C.
      NH2CONH2\mathrm{NH_2CONH_2}
    4. D.
      NH4OH\mathrm{NH_4OH}
  4. Ex Q.1 (D)
    Thallium shows different oxidation state because ____________
    1. A.
      of inert pair effect
    2. B.
      it is inner transition element
    3. C.
      it is metal
    4. D.
      of its high electronegativity
  5. Ex Q.1 (E)
    Which of the following shows most prominent inert pair effect ?
    1. A.
      C
    2. B.
      Si
    3. C.
      Ge
    4. D.
      Pb

2. Identify the group 14 element that best fits each of the following description.

Practice · 4
  1. Identify the group 14 element that best fits each of the following description.
    Ex Q.2 (A)
    Non metallic element
  2. Ex Q.2 (B)
    Form the most acidic oxide
  3. Ex Q.2 (C)
    They prefer +2 oxidation state.
  4. Ex Q.2 (D)
    Forms strong π\pi bonds.

3. Give reasons.

Practice · 2
  1. Give reasons.
    Ex Q.3 (A)
    Ga3⊕\mathrm{Ga^{3\oplus}} salts are better reducing agent while Tl3⊕\mathrm{Tl^{3\oplus}} salts are better oxidising agent.
  2. Ex Q.3 (B)
    PbCl4\mathrm{PbCl_4} is less stable than PbCl2\mathrm{PbCl_2}

4. Give the formula of a compound in which carbon exhibit an oxidation state of

Practice · 3
  1. Give the formula of a compound in which carbon exhibit an oxidation state of
    Ex Q.4 (A)
    +4+4
  2. Ex Q.4 (B)
    +2+2
  3. Ex Q.4 (C)
    −4-4

5. Explain the trend of the following in group 13 elements :

Practice · 3
  1. Explain the trend of the following in group 13 elements :
    Ex Q.5 (A)
    atomic radii
  2. Ex Q.5 (B)
    ionization enthalpy
  3. Ex Q.5 (C)
    electron affinity

6. Answer the following

Practice · 2
  1. Answer the following
    Ex Q.6 (A)
    What is hybridization of Al in AlCl3\mathrm{AlCl_3} ?
  2. Ex Q.6 (B)
    Name a molecule having banana bond.

7. Draw the structure of the following

Practice · 2
  1. Draw the structure of the following
    Ex Q.7 (A)
    Orthophosphoric acid
  2. Ex Q.7 (B)
    Resonance structure of nitric acid

8. Find out the difference between

Practice · 2
  1. Find out the difference between
    Ex Q.8 (A)
    Diamond and Graphite
  2. Ex Q.8 (B)
    White phosphorus and Red phosphorus

9. What are silicones ? Where are they used ?

Practice · 1
  1. Ex Q.9
    What are silicones ? Where are they used ?

10. Explain the trend in oxidation state of elements from nitrogen to bismuth.

Practice · 1
  1. Ex Q.10
    Explain the trend in oxidation state of elements from nitrogen to bismuth.

11. Give the test that is used to detect borate radical is qualitative analysis.

Practice · 1
  1. Ex Q.11
    Give the test that is used to detect borate radical is qualitative analysis.

12. Explain structure and bonding of diborane.

Practice · 1
  1. Ex Q.12
    Explain structure and bonding of diborane.

13. A compound is prepared from the mineral colemanite

Practice · 2
  1. A compound is prepared from the mineral colemanite by boiling it with a solution of sodium carbonate. It is white crystalline solid and used for inorganic qualitative analysis.
    Ex Q.13 (A)
    Name the compound produced.
  2. Ex Q.13 (B)
    Write the reaction that explains its formation.

14. Ammonia is a good complexing agent. Explain.

Practice · 1
  1. Ex Q.14
    Ammonia is a good complexing agent. Explain.

15. State true or false. Correct the false statement.

Practice · 2
  1. State true or false. Correct the false statement.
    Ex Q.15 (A)
    The acidic nature of oxides of group 13 increases down the graph.
  2. Ex Q.15 (B)
    The tendency for cantenation is much higher for C than for Si.

16. Match the pairs from column A and B.

Practice · 1
  1. Ex Q.16
    Match the pairs from column A and B.
    AB
    BCl3\mathrm{BCl_3}Angular molecule
    SiO2\mathrm{SiO_2}linear covalent molecule
    CO2\mathrm{CO_2}Tetrahedral molecule
    Planar trigonal molecule

17. Give the reactions supporting basic nature of ammonia.

Practice · 1
  1. Ex Q.17
    Give the reactions supporting basic nature of ammonia.

18. Shravani was performing inorganic qualitative analysis of a salt.

Practice · 1
  1. Ex Q.18
    Shravani was performing inorganic qualitative analysis of a salt. To an aqueous solution of that salt, she added silver nitrate. When a white precipitate was formed. On adding ammonium hydroxide to this, she obtained a clear solution. Comment on her observations and write the chemical reactions involved.