Science and Technology I · Textbook solutions

Carbon Compounds

Every solved example, exercise, and miscellaneous question, in the order the textbook teaches them. Plus every board question asked from this chapter. · 46 questions

Exercise

46 q

Ex Q1

\text{C}_2\text{H}_6

Draw an electron dot structure of the following molecules. (Without showing the circles)
Ex Q2(a) $Methane$
Ex Q2(b) $Ethene$
Ex Q2(c) $Methanol$
Ex Q2(d) $Water$
Draw all possible structural formulae of compounds from their molecular formula given below.
Ex Q3(a) $\text{C}_3\text{H}_8$
Ex Q3(b) $\text{C}_4\text{H}_{10}$
Ex Q3(c) $\text{C}_3\text{H}_4$
Explain the following terms with example.
Ex Q4(a) $Structural isomerism$
Ex Q4(b) $Covalent bond$
Ex Q4(c) $Hetero atom in a carbon compound$
Ex Q4(d) $Functional group$
Ex Q4(e) $Alkane$
Ex Q4(f) $Unsaturated hydrocarbon$
Ex Q4(g) $Homopolymer$
Ex Q4(h) $Monomer$
Ex Q4(i) $Reduction$
Ex Q4(j) $Oxidant$
Write the IUPAC names of the following structural formulae.
Ex Q5(a) $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3$
Ex Q5(b) $\text{CH}_3-\text{CHOH}-\text{CH}_3$
Ex Q5(c) $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{COOH}$
Ex Q5(d) $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{NH}_2$
Ex Q5(e) $\text{CH}_3-\text{CHO}$
Ex Q5(f) $\text{CH}_3-\text{CO}-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3$
Identify the type of the following reaction of carbon compounds.
Ex Q6(a) $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{OH} \rightarrow \text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{COOH}$
Ex Q6(b) $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3 \rightarrow 3\ \text{CO}_2 + 4\ \text{H}_2\text{O}$
Ex Q6(c) $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3 + \text{Br}_2 \rightarrow \text{CH}_3-\text{CHBr}-\text{CHBr}-\text{CH}_3$
Ex Q6(d) $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_3 + \text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow \text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{Cl} + \text{HCl}$
Ex Q6(e) $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{OH} \rightarrow \text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}=\text{CH}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O}$
Ex Q6(f) $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{COOH} + \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{COO}^-\text{Na}^+ + \text{H}_2\text{O}$
Ex Q6(g) $\text{CH}_3-\text{COOH} + \text{CH}_3-\text{OH} \rightarrow \text{CH}_3-\text{COO}-\text{CH}_3 + \text{H}_2\text{O}$
Write structural formulae for the following IUPAC names.
Ex Q7(a) $pentan -2-one$
Ex Q7(b) $2- chlorobutane$
Ex Q7(c) $propan - 2- ol$
Ex Q7(d) $methanal$
Ex Q7(e) $butanoic acid$
Ex Q7(f) $1- bromopropane$
Ex Q7(g) $ethanamine$
Ex Q7(h) $butanone$
Write answers as directed.
Ex Q8(a) $What causes the existance of very large number of carbon compound ?$
Ex Q8(b) $Saturated hydrocarbons are classified into three types. Write these names giving one example each.$
Ex Q8(c) $Give any four functional groups containing oxygen as the heteroatom in it. Write name and structural formula of one example each.$
Ex Q8(d) $Give names of three functional groups containing three different hetero atoms. Write name and structural formula of one example each.$
Ex Q8(e) $Give names of three natural polymers. Write the place of their occurrance and names of monomers from which they are formed.$
Ex Q8(f) $What is meant by vinegar and gasohol? What are their uses ?$
Ex Q8(g) $What is a catalyst ? Write any one reaction which is brought about by use of catalyst ?$

Group 'A'	Group 'B'
a. $\text{C}_2\text{H}_6$	1. Unsaturated hydrocarbon
b. $\text{C}_2\text{H}_2$	2. Molecular formula of an alcohol
c. $\text{CH}_4\text{O}$	3. Saturated hydrocarbon
d. $\text{C}_3\text{H}_6$	4. Triple bond

What the board has asked from this chapter

Questions per paper · 10 papers · 2019 to 2026

June 2026

4 q

Q1(A)(i) $____ हा कार्बोक्झिलिक आम्लाचा क्रियात्मक गट आहे.______ is the functional group of carboxylic acid.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Hydrocarbons and Functional Groups
Q1(B)(v) $\mathrm{H-\overset{\displaystyle H}{\overset{|}{\underset{\underset{\displaystyle H}{|}}{C}}}-\overset{\displaystyle H}{\overset{|}{\underset{\underset{\displaystyle H}{|}}{C}}}-H}$
Hydrocarbons and Functional Groups
Q2(B)(iii) $(अ) ॲसेटिक ॲसिडचे रासायनिक सूत्र लिहा. (ब) व्हिनेगरचा कोणताही एक उपयोग लिहा. (a) Write the chemical formula of acetic acid. (b) Write any one use of vinegar.$
Important Organic Compounds

Q3(v)

\mathrm{CH_2{=}\underset{\underset{\displaystyle CH_3}{|}}{C}{-}CH{=}CH_2}

अ.क्र.	बहुवारिक	एकवारिकाचे नाव	आढळ
1	पॉलिसॅकराइड	ग्लूकोज	स्टार्च
2	सेल्युलोज	____	लाकूड (वनस्पती पेशीभित्तिका)
3	प्रथिने	अल्फा अमिनो ॲसिड	____
4	____	न्यूक्लिओटाइड (डिऑक्सीरायबोज फॉस्फेट)	____
5	आर.एन.ए.	____	पेशीतील केंद्रक व पेशीद्रव
6	रबर	आयसोप्रिन $\mathrm{CH_2{=}\underset{\underset{\displaystyle CH_3}{\|}}{C}{-}CH{=}CH_2}$	____

S.No.	Polymer	Name of the monomer	Occurrence
1	Polysaccharide	Glucose	Starch
2.	Cellulose	...........	Wood (cell walls of plant cells)
3.	Proteins	$\alpha$ amino acids	...................
4.	............	Nucleotide (deoxyribose phosphate)	...................
5.	R.N.A.	.............	Nucleus and cytoplasm of cell
6.	Rubber	Isoprene $CH_2=C(CH_3)-CH=CH_2$	.................

Macromolecules and Polymers

March 2026

2 q

Q2(A)(ii) $शास्त्रीय कारणे लिहा : वनस्पतीजन्य तेलापासून वनस्पती तूप बनविताना निकेल हा उत्प्रेरक वापरतात. Give scientific reason: The hydrogenation of vegetable oil in presence of nickel catalyst forms Vanaspati-ghee.$
Hydrocarbons and Functional Groups
Q2(B)(iii) $बेन्झिनचे रेणुसूत्र लिहा व रचनासूत्र काढा. Give the molecular formula and structural formula of Benzene.$
Hydrocarbons and Functional Groups

July 2025

2 q

Q2(B)(v) $\mathrm{CH_4}$
Covalent Bonding in Carbon

Q4(ii)

\mathrm{CH_4}

अ. न.	कार्बन अणुंची सरलशृंखला	रेणुसूत्र	नाव
1.	C	$\mathrm{CH_4}$	____
2.	C–C	____	ईथेन
3.	C–C–C	$\mathrm{C_3H_8}$	____
4.	C–C–C–C	____	ब्यूटेन
5.	C–C–C–C–C	$\mathrm{C_5H_{12}}$	____
6.	C–C–C–C–C–C	____	हेक्झेन
7.	C–C–C–C–C–C–C	____	हेप्टेन
8.	C–C–C–C–C–C–C–C	$\mathrm{C_8H_{18}}$	____
9.	C–C–C–C–C–C–C–C–C	____	नोनेन
10.	C–C–C–C–C–C–C–C–C–C	____	डीकेन

Sr. No.	Straight chain of carbon atoms	Molecular formula	Name
1.	C	$CH_4$	____
2.	C-C	____	Ethane
3.	C-C-C	$C_3H_8$	____
4.	C-C-C-C	____	Butane
5.	C-C-C-C-C	$C_5H_{12}$	____
6.	C-C-C-C-C-C	____	Hexane
7.	C-C-C-C-C-C-C	____	Heptane
8.	C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C	$C_8H_{18}$	____
9.	C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C	____	Nonane
10.	C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C	____	Decane

Hydrocarbons and Functional Groups

March 2025

2 q

Q2(A)(iii) $शास्त्रीय कारणे लिहा : काही देशांमध्ये पेट्रोलची कार्यक्षमता वाढविण्यासाठी त्यामध्ये ईथेनॉल एक समावेशी म्हणून मिसळतात. Give scientific reason: In some countries, ethanol is used as an additive to increase the efficiency of petrol.$
Important Organic Compounds
Q4(ii) $क्लोरीन या मूलद्रव्याचा अणुअंक 17 आहे. तर यावरून खालील प्रश्नांची उत्तरे लिहा : (a) क्लोरीनचे इलेक्ट्रॉन संरूपण लिहा. (b) क्लोरीन अणुच्या संयुजा कवचातील इलेक्ट्रॉन संख्या सांगा. (c) क्लोरीनचे रेणूसूत्र सांगा. (d) क्लोरीनचा रेणू निर्माण होताना कोणत्या प्रकारचा बंध निर्माण होतो ? (e) क्लोरीन रेणूची इलेक्ट्रॉन-ठिपका संरचना (वर्तुळविरहित) रेखाटन करा. Atomic number of chlorine is 17. (a) Write the electronic configuration of chlorine. (b) What is the number of electrons in the valence shell of chlorine? (c) Write the molecular formula of chlorine. (d) Name the type of bond in the formation of chlorine molecule. (e) Draw the electron dot structure of a chlorine molecule.$
Covalent Bonding in Carbon

July 2024

3 q

Q1(A)(v) $L.P.G. मध्ये ____ हा एक ज्वलनशील पदार्थ आहे.______ is one of the combustible component of L.P.G.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Important Organic Compounds
Q1(B)(ii) $चूक की बरोबर ते लिहा : बेंझीन हे ॲरोमॅटीक संयुग आहे. Write True or False: Benzene is an aromatic compound.$
Hydrocarbons and Functional Groups
Q4(ii) $\mathrm{CH_4}$
Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

March 2024

3 q

Q1(A)(iii) $____ हा कार्बोक्झीलीक आम्लाचा क्रियात्मक गट आहे.______ is the functional group of carboxylic acid.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Hydrocarbons and Functional Groups
Q1(B)(iv) $दिलेल्या इलेक्ट्रॉन ठिपका संरचनेवरून हायड्रोकार्बन ओळखा : Identify the hydrocarbon from the given electron-dot structure: ``` H H .. .. H : C : C : H .. .. H H ```$
Covalent Bonding in Carbon
Q4(ii) $दिलेल्या आकृतीचे निरीक्षण करून खालील प्रश्नांची उत्तरे लिहा : (a) वरील अभिक्रियेतील अभिक्रियाकारकांची नावे लिहा. (b) मोठ्या परीक्षानळीत फसफसून येणारा वायू कोणता ? (c) चुन्याच्या निवळीच्या रंगात काय बदल होतो ? (d) वरील प्रयोगात सोडियम कार्बोनेट ऐवजी कोणता रासायनिक पदार्थ वापरला असता वरील प्रमाणेच उत्पादिते मिळतील ? (e) ॲसेटिक आम्लाचा कोणताही एक उपयोग लिहा. Observe the diagram given below (apparatus with a big test tube containing sodium carbonate and acetic acid, connected by a gas delivery tube to a small test tube containing freshly prepared lime water) and answer the questions: (a) Name the reactants in this reaction. (b) Which gas comes out as effervescence in the bigger test tube? (c) What is the colour change in the lime water? (d) In the above experiment instead of sodium carbonate which chemical can be used to get same products? (e) Write the use of acetic acid.$
Important Organic Compounds

March 2023

2 q

Q3(viii) $C_nH_{2n+2}$
Hydrocarbons and Functional Groups

Q4(ii)

CH_2 = CH_2

S.N.	Common Name	Structural Formula	IUPAC Name
1	Ethylene	$CH_2 = CH_2$	______
2	Acetylene	______	Ethyne
3	Acetic acid	$CH_3-COOH$	______
4	Methyl alcohol	______	Methanol
5	______	$CH_3-CO-CH_3$	Propan-2-one

Nomenclature and Isomerism

March 2022

6 q

Q1(A)(iii) $________ is one of the combustible components of L.P.G.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Fuels and Hydrocarbons
Q1(B)(v) $\mathrm{CH_3\!-\!\underset{\underset{\textstyle OH}{|}}{CH}\!-\!CH_3}$
IUPAC Nomenclature
Q2(A)(iii) $Give a scientific reason: It is recommended to use airtight container for storing oil for long time.$
Rancidity
Answer the following (alternative to Q.4(i)):
Q4(ii)(a) $\mathrm{H_3C\!-\!CH_3}$
Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Q4(ii)(b) $\mathrm{C_2H_6}$
Electron Dot Structures
Q4(ii)(c) $Define Homologous series.$
Homologous Series

March 2020

3 q

Q1(B)(ii) $=$
Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Q3(vi) $Answer the following: a. Define hydrocarbons. b. Name the types of hydrocarbons. c. Name two carbon compounds used in day-to-day life.$
Hydrocarbons
Q3(viii) $\mathrm{CH_4}$
Alkanes - Structural and Molecular Formulae

Straight chain of Carbon compounds	Structural formula	Molecular formula	Name
C	H-C(H)(H)-H	$\mathrm{CH_4}$	Methane
C-C	?	?	Ethane
C-C-C	?	$\mathrm{C_3H_8}$	?
C-C-C-C	H-C-C-C-C-H (with H filling)	?	?

March 2019

3 q

Q1(B)(5) $The carbon compound used in daily life is ________.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Important Organic Compounds
Q2(4) $Write the names of the first four members of the homologous series of alcohols.$
Hydrocarbons and Functional Groups
Q3(6) $\mathrm{CH_2{=}CH_2}$
Nomenclature and Isomerism

Sr. No.	Common Name	Structural Formula	IUPAC Name
1.	Ethylene	$\mathrm{CH_2{=}CH_2}$	?
2.	?	$\mathrm{CH_3COOH}$	Ethanoic acid
3.	Methyl alcohol	?	Methanol

The 10 board questions to practise first

The questions the board asked again come first, most asked first. Each one says how often and when.

Question 1
Asked 2 times: Mar 2024, Jun 2026
Q1(A)(i) $____ हा कार्बोक्झिलिक आम्लाचा क्रियात्मक गट आहे.______ is the functional group of carboxylic acid.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Question 2
Asked 2 times: Mar 2022, Jul 2025* (* = numbers or wording changed that year)
Q2(B)(v) $\mathrm{CH_4}$

Question 3

Asked 2 times: Mar 2020, Jul 2025* (* = numbers or wording changed that year)

Q4(ii)

\mathrm{CH_4}

Question 4
Asked 2 times: Mar 2022, Jul 2024
Q1(A)(v) $L.P.G. मध्ये ____ हा एक ज्वलनशील पदार्थ आहे.______ is one of the combustible component of L.P.G.$
Tap an option to check your answer.

अ. न.	कार्बन अणुंची सरलशृंखला	रेणुसूत्र	नाव
1.	C	$\mathrm{CH_4}$	____
2.	C–C	____	ईथेन
3.	C–C–C	$\mathrm{C_3H_8}$	____
4.	C–C–C–C	____	ब्यूटेन
5.	C–C–C–C–C	$\mathrm{C_5H_{12}}$	____
6.	C–C–C–C–C–C	____	हेक्झेन
7.	C–C–C–C–C–C–C	____	हेप्टेन
8.	C–C–C–C–C–C–C–C	$\mathrm{C_8H_{18}}$	____
9.	C–C–C–C–C–C–C–C–C	____	नोनेन
10.	C–C–C–C–C–C–C–C–C–C	____	डीकेन

Sr. No.	Straight chain of carbon atoms	Molecular formula	Name
1.	C	$CH_4$	____
2.	C-C	____	Ethane
3.	C-C-C	$C_3H_8$	____
4.	C-C-C-C	____	Butane
5.	C-C-C-C-C	$C_5H_{12}$	____
6.	C-C-C-C-C-C	____	Hexane
7.	C-C-C-C-C-C-C	____	Heptane
8.	C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C	$C_8H_{18}$	____
9.	C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C	____	Nonane
10.	C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C	____	Decane

Question 5

Asked 2 times: Mar 2019, Mar 2023* (* = numbers or wording changed that year)

Q4(ii)

CH_2 = CH_2

Question 6
This type asked 5 times: Mar 2019, Mar 2024, Mar 2025, Mar 2026, Jun 2026. This one: Jun 2026
Q2(B)(iii) $(अ) ॲसेटिक ॲसिडचे रासायनिक सूत्र लिहा. (ब) व्हिनेगरचा कोणताही एक उपयोग लिहा. (a) Write the chemical formula of acetic acid. (b) Write any one use of vinegar.$
Question 7
This type asked 4 times: Mar 2022, Mar 2024, Mar 2025, Jul 2025. This one: Mar 2025
Q4(ii) $क्लोरीन या मूलद्रव्याचा अणुअंक 17 आहे. तर यावरून खालील प्रश्नांची उत्तरे लिहा : (a) क्लोरीनचे इलेक्ट्रॉन संरूपण लिहा. (b) क्लोरीन अणुच्या संयुजा कवचातील इलेक्ट्रॉन संख्या सांगा. (c) क्लोरीनचे रेणूसूत्र सांगा. (d) क्लोरीनचा रेणू निर्माण होताना कोणत्या प्रकारचा बंध निर्माण होतो ? (e) क्लोरीन रेणूची इलेक्ट्रॉन-ठिपका संरचना (वर्तुळविरहित) रेखाटन करा. Atomic number of chlorine is 17. (a) Write the electronic configuration of chlorine. (b) What is the number of electrons in the valence shell of chlorine? (c) Write the molecular formula of chlorine. (d) Name the type of bond in the formation of chlorine molecule. (e) Draw the electron dot structure of a chlorine molecule.$
Question 8
This type asked 4 times: Mar 2020, Mar 2022, Mar 2023, Jul 2024. This one: Jul 2024
Q1(B)(ii) $चूक की बरोबर ते लिहा : बेंझीन हे ॲरोमॅटीक संयुग आहे. Write True or False: Benzene is an aromatic compound.$
Question 9
This type asked 3 times: Mar 2022, Mar 2026, Jun 2026. This one: Jun 2026
Q1(B)(v) $\mathrm{H-\overset{\displaystyle H}{\overset{|}{\underset{\underset{\displaystyle H}{|}}{C}}}-\overset{\displaystyle H}{\overset{|}{\underset{\underset{\displaystyle H}{|}}{C}}}-H}$
Question 10
This type asked 2 times: Mar 2019, Mar 2022. This one: Mar 2022
Answer the following (alternative to Q.4(i)):
Q4(ii)(c) $Define Homologous series.$

Exercise

What the board has asked from this chapter

June 2026

March 2026

July 2025

March 2025

July 2024

March 2024

March 2023

March 2022

March 2020

March 2019

The 10 board questions to practise first

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Question 9

Question 10