Science and Technology I · Textbook solutions

Refraction of Light

Every solved example, exercise, and miscellaneous question, in the order the textbook teaches them. Plus every board question asked from this chapter. · 9 questions

Exercise

9 q

Fill in the blanks and Explain the completed sentences.
Ex Q1(a) $Refractive index depends on the ……… of light.$
Ex Q1(b) $The change in ……… of light rays while going from one medium to another is called refraction.$
Prove the following statements.
Ex Q2(a) $i$
Ex Q2(b) $A rainbow is the combined effect of the refraction, dispersion, and total internal reflection of light.$
Mark the correct answer in the following questions.
Ex Q3(A) $What is the reason for the twinkling of stars?$
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Ex Q3(B) $We can see the Sun even when it is little below the horizon because of$
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Ex Q3(C) $3/2$
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Solve the following examples.
Ex Q4(a) $1.5 \times 10^{8}$
Ex Q4(b) $3/2$

What the board has asked from this chapter

Questions per paper · 12 papers · 2016 to 2026

June 2026

3 q

Q1(A)(v) $30^\circ$
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Refraction and Refractive Index
Q2(A)(i) $शास्त्रीय कारणे लिहा : तारे आहे त्या स्थितीपेक्षा थोड्या उंचीवर असल्याचे भासतात. Give scientific reason: Stars appear to be higher in the sky as compared to its actual position.$
Applications of Refraction
Q3(vii) $खालील आकृतीचे निरीक्षण करून विविध माध्यमातील प्रकाशाच्या अपवर्तनाचे नियम लिहा :Observe the following diagrams and state the rules of refraction of light in different media using it.$
Refraction and Refractive Index

March 2026

4 q

Q1(A)(iv) $हिऱ्याचा अपवर्तनांक ____ आहे.The refractive index of diamond is ______.$
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Refraction and Refractive Index
Q1(B)(v) $प्रकाशाच्या अपस्करणात जांभळ्या किरणांची तरंगलांबी किती असते ? What is the wavelength of violet ray in dispersion of light?$
Dispersion of Light
Q2(B)(v) $इंद्रधनुष्य हे प्रकाशाचे अपस्करण, अपवर्तन आणि आंतरिक परावर्तन ह्या तीनही नैसर्गिक घटनांचे एकत्रीकरण आहे. हे विधान स्पष्ट करा.'A rainbow is the combined effect of refraction, dispersion and total internal reflection of light'. Explain the sentence.$
Applications of Refraction
Q3(viii) $मृगजळ म्हणजे काय ? कोणत्या परिस्थितीत मृगजळ दिसते ? तसेच अशाच प्रकारचे एक उदाहरण लिहा. What is meant by 'mirage'? In which condition mirage is seen? Give such one more example.$
Total Internal Reflection

July 2025

3 q

Q1(A)(iv) $प्रकाश एका पारदर्शक माध्यमातून दुसऱ्या पारदर्शक माध्यमात जाताना त्याची मार्गक्रमणाची दिशाा बदलते, यालाच प्रकाशाचे ____ असे म्हणतात. Light changes its direction when going from one transparent medium to another transparent medium. This is called the ____ of light.$
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Refraction and Refractive Index
Q1(B)(ii) $सहसंबंध पूर्ण करा : तांबडा किरण तरंगलांबी जवळपास : 700 nm :: जांभळा किरण तरंगलांबी जवळपास : ____Complete the co-relation. Red light wavelength close to : 700 nm :: Violet light wavelength close to : ____ .$
Refraction and Refractive Index
Q4(i) $इंद्रधनुष्य हे प्रकाशाचे अपस्करण, अपवर्तन आणि आंतरिक परावर्तन ह्या तीनही नैसर्गिक घटनांचे एकत्रीकरण आहे. हे विधान आकृतीसह स्पष्ट करा."A rainbow is the combined effect of the refraction, dispersion and total internal reflection of light." Prove this statement with the help of diagram and explain it.$
Applications of Refraction

March 2025

3 q

Q1(A)(iv) $एका पारदर्शक माध्यमातून दुसऱ्या पारदर्शक माध्यमात प्रकाश जाताना त्याची मार्गक्रमणाची दिशा बदलते, यालाच प्रकाशाचे ____ म्हणतात. Light changes its direction when going from one transparent medium to another transparent medium. This process is called ____ .$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Refraction and Refractive Index
Q1(B)(iii) $ताऱ्यांच्या लुकलुकण्याचे कारण काय ? What is the reason for twinkling of stars?$
Applications of Refraction
Q3(v) $इंद्रधनुष्यनिर्मिती या नैसर्गिक सुंदर घटनेसंबंधी खालील प्रश्नांची उत्तरे द्या : (a) इंद्रधनुष्यनिर्मितीची शास्त्रीयदृष्ट्या अचूक व नामनिर्देशित आकृती काढा. (b) यात अंतर्भाव असणाऱ्या कोणत्याही दोन नैसर्गिक घटना सांगा. (c) पाण्याचे अगदी लहान थेंब कशाप्रमाणे कार्य करतात ? Answer the following with respect to the 'Formation of Rainbow': (a) Draw a neat diagram to show the formation of rainbow. (b) Name any two natural processes involved in the formation of rainbow. (c) What does a small droplet of water act as?$
Applications of Refraction

July 2024

4 q

Q1(A)(iv) $सूर्य क्षितीजाच्या थोड्या खाली असताना देखील आपल्याला दिसतो. याचे कारण : We can see the sun even when it is little below the horizon because of ______.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Applications of Refraction
Q1(B)(iv) $0^\circ$
Refraction and Refractive Index
Q2(B)(i) $= 3 \times 10^8\ \mathrm{m/s}$
Refraction and Refractive Index
Q3(iii) $खालील उतारा वाचून दिलेल्या प्रश्नांची उत्तरे लिहा : इंद्रधनुष्य ही निसर्गातील सुंदर घटना आहे. इंद्रधनुष्य हे प्रकाशाचे अपस्करण, अपवर्तन आणि आंतरिक परावर्तन यांचा एकत्रित परिणाम आहे. प्रामुख्याने पाऊस पडून गेल्यानंतर आकाशात इंद्रधनुष्य दिसते. पाण्याचे अगदी लहान थेंब छोट्या लोलकाप्रमाणे कार्य करतात. जेंव्हा वातावरणातील पाण्याच्या लहान थेंबामध्ये प्रकाश किरण प्रवेश करतात, तेंव्हा पाण्याचे थेंब सूर्यप्रकाशाचे अपवर्तन व अपस्करण घडवून आणतात. नंतर थेंबाच्या आतमध्ये आंतरिक परावर्तन होते आणि त्यानंतर पुन्हा प्रकाशाचे अपवर्तन होते. या सर्व नैसर्गिक घटनांचा एकत्रित परिणाम इंद्रधनुष्य होय. (अ) इंद्रधनुष्यासाठी कोणत्या तीन घटना आवश्यक आहेत ? (ब) अपवर्तन कसे घडून येते ? (क) इंद्रधनुष्य निर्मितीची आकृती रेखाटा.Read the following paragraph and answer the questions given below: Rainbow is a beautiful natural phenomenon. It is the combined effect of dispersion, refraction and total internal reflection of light. It can be seen mainly after rainfall. Small droplets of water act as small prisms. When light rays from the sun enter these droplets it gets refracted and dispersed. Then there is internal reflection and after that once again the light gets refracted while coming out of the droplet. All these three processes together produce the rainbow. (a) Which three major phenomena are responsible for rainbow formation? (b) How does refraction take place? (c) Draw a diagrammatic representation of rainbow production.$
Applications of Refraction

March 2024

3 q

Q1(A)(ii) $सूर्य क्षितिजाच्या थोडा खाली असताना देखील आपल्याला दिसतो याचे कारण : We can see the sun even when it is little below the horizon because of ______.$
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Applications of Refraction
Q1(B)(v) $योग्य जोडी जुळवा :‘अ’ स्तंभ‘ब’ स्तंभपाण्याचा अपवर्तनांक(a) 1.31(b) 1.36(c) 1.33Match the Columns:Column 'A'Column 'B'Refractive index of water(a) 1.31(b) 1.36(c) 1.33$
Refraction and Refractive Index
Q4(i) $खाली दिलेल्या आकृतीचे निरीक्षण करून प्रश्नांची उत्तरे लिहा : (a) आकृतीत कोणती प्रक्रिया दर्शवली आहे ? (b) सर्वात जास्त विचलन झालेला रंग कोणता ? (c) सर्वात कमी विचलन झालेला रंग कोणता ? (d) वरील प्रक्रियेवर आधारित कोणतीही एक नैसर्गिक घटना लिहा. (e) व्याख्या लिहा : वर्णपंक्ती. Observe the given diagram (a beam of sunlight passing through a glass prism and splitting into the band of colours ROYGBIV) and answer the questions: (a) Name the process shown in the figure. (b) Name the colour that deviates the most. (c) Name the colour that deviates the least. (d) Name any one phenomenon in the nature which is based on the above process. (e) Define 'spectrum'.$
Applications of Refraction

‘अ’ स्तंभ	‘ब’ स्तंभ
पाण्याचा अपवर्तनांक	(a) 1.31
	(b) 1.36
	(c) 1.33

Column 'A'	Column 'B'
Refractive index of water	(a) 1.31
	(b) 1.36
	(c) 1.33

March 2023

4 q

Q1(A)(ii) $If a ray of light passes from a denser medium to a rarer medium in a straight line, the angle of incidence must be ______.$
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Refraction and Refractive Index
Q1(B)(iii) $Match the pair. Group 'A' (Substance): Air. Group 'B' (Refractive index): (a) 1.33, (b) 1.46, (c) 1.0003.$
Refraction and Refractive Index
Q1(B)(iv) $State True or False: "Wavelength of red light is close to 700 nm."$
Wavelength and Spectrum of Light
Q3(iii) $Observe the figure and name the ray AB, ray CD and ray GH (light passing through a rectangular glass slab).$
Refraction and Refractive Index

March 2022

4 q

Q1(A)(v) $________ colour is deviated the least, in the spectrum of white light obtained with a glass prism.$
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Dispersion of Light
Q1(B)(iii) $Match the correct pair:Column 'A'Column 'B'Refractive index of water(a) 1.31(b) 1.36(c) 1.33$
Refractive Index
Q2(B)(iii) $State the Laws of Refraction.$
Laws of Refraction
Q3(iv) $1.5 \times 10^{8}\ \mathrm{m/s}$
Absolute Refractive Index

Column 'A'	Column 'B'
Refractive index of water	(a) 1.31
	(b) 1.36
	(c) 1.33

March 2020

3 q

Q1(B)(iv) $Match the columns: Column 'A' Column 'B' The wavelength of red light (a) 600 nm (b) 700 nm (c) 500 nm$
Wavelength of Visible Light
Q2(A)(ii) $Give scientific reason: Stars twinkle but we do not see the twinkling of planets.$
Atmospheric Refraction - Twinkling of Stars
Q3(iv) $Observe the given figure (a ray AC travelling from air into a glass block, refracting along CB, with angle of incidence i and angle of refraction r about the normal N) and answer: a. Name the process represented by the figure. b. State the two laws related to the process.$
Laws of Refraction

Column 'A'	Column 'B'
The wavelength of red light	(a) 600 nm
	(b) 700 nm
	(c) 500 nm

March 2019

4 q

Q1(B)(3) $50^\circ$
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Refraction and Refractive Index
Observations made by Swarali while doing experiments are given below. Based on these, write answers to the questions: Swarali found that a light ray travelling from a denser medium to a rarer medium goes away from the normal. If the angle of incidence (i) is raised by Swarali, the angle of refraction (r) went on increasing. However, after a certain value of the angle of incidence, the light ray is seen to return back into the denser medium.
Q4(2)(i) $\angle i$
Total Internal Reflection
Q4(2)(ii) $What is the process of reflection of the incident ray back into the denser medium called?$
Total Internal Reflection
Q4(2)(iii) $Draw the diagrams of the three observations made by Swarali.$
Total Internal Reflection

March 2018

2 q

Q2(6) $Give scientific reason: The sun appears reddish early in the morning.$
Applications of Refraction
Q4(B) $What is refraction of light? Draw the diagram of refraction of light in a glass slab. Write the laws of refraction.$
Refraction and Refractive Index

March 2016

3 q

Q1(B)(5) $90^\circ$
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Refraction and Refractive Index
Q3(4) $What is refraction of light? How is it related to refractive index?$
Refraction and Refractive Index
Q3(5) $Explain how spectrum is formed.$
Dispersion of Light and Spectrum

The 10 board questions to practise first

The questions the board asked again come first, most asked first. Each one says how often and when.

Question 1
Asked 4 times: Jul 2024*, Mar 2025*, Jul 2025, Mar 2026 (* = numbers or wording changed that year)
Q2(B)(v) $इंद्रधनुष्य हे प्रकाशाचे अपस्करण, अपवर्तन आणि आंतरिक परावर्तन ह्या तीनही नैसर्गिक घटनांचे एकत्रीकरण आहे. हे विधान स्पष्ट करा.'A rainbow is the combined effect of refraction, dispersion and total internal reflection of light'. Explain the sentence.$
Question 2
Asked 3 times: Mar 2018*, Mar 2022, Jun 2026* (* = numbers or wording changed that year)
Q3(vii) $खालील आकृतीचे निरीक्षण करून विविध माध्यमातील प्रकाशाच्या अपवर्तनाचे नियम लिहा :Observe the following diagrams and state the rules of refraction of light in different media using it.$
Question 3
Asked 3 times: Mar 2020, Mar 2023*, Jul 2025* (* = numbers or wording changed that year)
Q1(B)(ii) $सहसंबंध पूर्ण करा : तांबडा किरण तरंगलांबी जवळपास : 700 nm :: जांभळा किरण तरंगलांबी जवळपास : ____Complete the co-relation. Red light wavelength close to : 700 nm :: Violet light wavelength close to : ____ .$
Question 4
Asked 2 times: Mar 2019, Jun 2026* (* = numbers or wording changed that year)
Q1(A)(v) $30^\circ$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Question 5
Asked 2 times: Mar 2025, Jul 2025
Q1(A)(iv) $प्रकाश एका पारदर्शक माध्यमातून दुसऱ्या पारदर्शक माध्यमात जाताना त्याची मार्गक्रमणाची दिशाा बदलते, यालाच प्रकाशाचे ____ असे म्हणतात. Light changes its direction when going from one transparent medium to another transparent medium. This is called the ____ of light.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Question 6
Asked 2 times: Mar 2020, Mar 2025* (* = numbers or wording changed that year)
Q1(B)(iii) $ताऱ्यांच्या लुकलुकण्याचे कारण काय ? What is the reason for twinkling of stars?$
Question 7
Asked 2 times: Mar 2024, Jul 2024
Q1(A)(iv) $सूर्य क्षितीजाच्या थोड्या खाली असताना देखील आपल्याला दिसतो. याचे कारण : We can see the sun even when it is little below the horizon because of ______.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Question 8
Asked 2 times: Mar 2022, Mar 2024
Q1(B)(v) $योग्य जोडी जुळवा :‘अ’ स्तंभ‘ब’ स्तंभपाण्याचा अपवर्तनांक(a) 1.31(b) 1.36(c) 1.33Match the Columns:Column 'A'Column 'B'Refractive index of water(a) 1.31(b) 1.36(c) 1.33$
Question 9
This type asked 4 times: Mar 2018, Mar 2020, Mar 2024, Jun 2026. This one: Jun 2026
Q2(A)(i) $शास्त्रीय कारणे लिहा : तारे आहे त्या स्थितीपेक्षा थोड्या उंचीवर असल्याचे भासतात. Give scientific reason: Stars appear to be higher in the sky as compared to its actual position.$
Question 10
This type asked 4 times: Mar 2016, Mar 2022, Mar 2024, Mar 2026. This one: Mar 2026
Q1(B)(v) $प्रकाशाच्या अपस्करणात जांभळ्या किरणांची तरंगलांबी किती असते ? What is the wavelength of violet ray in dispersion of light?$

Exercise

What the board has asked from this chapter

June 2026

March 2026

July 2025

March 2025

July 2024

March 2024

March 2023

March 2022

March 2020

March 2019

March 2018

March 2016

The 10 board questions to practise first

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Question 9

Question 10