Science and Technology II · Textbook solutions

Introduction to Microbiology

Every solved example, exercise, and miscellaneous question — in the order the textbook teaches them. · 24 questions

Exercise

24 q
  1. Rewrite the following statements using correct of the options and explain the completed statements. (gluconic acid, coagulation, amino acid, acetic acid, clostridium, lactobacilli)
    Ex Q1(a)
    Process of -- -- -- -- of milk proteins occurs due to lactic acid.
  2. Ex Q1(b)
    Harmful bacteria in like -- -- -- in the intestine are destroyed due to probiotics.
  3. Ex Q1(c)
    Chemically, vinegar is -- -- --.
  4. Ex Q1(d)
    Salts which can be used as supplement of calcium and iron are obtained from -------- acid.
  5. Ex Q2
    Match the pairs.
    'A' group'B' group
    a. Xylitol1. Pigment
    b. Citric acid2. To impart sweetness
    c. Lycopene3. Microbial restrictor
    d. Nycin4. Protein binding emulsifier
    5. To impart acidity
  6. Answer the following.
    Ex Q3(a)
    Which fuels can be obtained by microbial processes? Why is it necessary to increase the use of such fuels?
  7. Ex Q3(b)
    How can the oil spills of rivers and oceans be cleaned?
  8. Ex Q3(c)
    How can the soil polluted by acid rain be made fertile again?
  9. Ex Q3(d)
    Explain the importance of bio-pesticides in organic farming.
  10. Ex Q3(e)
    Which are the reasons for increasing the popularity of probiotic products?
  11. Ex Q3(f)
    How the bread and other products produced using baker's yeast are nutritious?
  12. Ex Q3(g)
    Which precautions are necessary for proper decomposition of domestic waste?
  13. Ex Q3(h)
    Why is it necessary to ban the use of plastic bags?
  14. Ex Q4
    Complete the following conceptual picture. A central box labelled Sewage after processing is joined by a short line to each of four boxes arranged above, to the left, to the right and below it. Only the box above carries printed text; the other three are left blank for the student to fill in:
    Position of boxPrinted inside the box
    AboveCleaning
    Left(blank)
    Right(blank)
    Below(blank)
  15. Give scientific reasons.
    Ex Q5(a)
    Use of mutant strains has been increased in industrial microbiology.
  16. Ex Q5(b)
    Enzymes obtained by microbial process are mixed with detergents.
  17. Ex Q5(c)
    Microbial enzymes are used instead of chemical catalysts in chemical industry.
  18. Ex Q6
    Complete the following conceptual picture with respect to uses. A central box labelled Xanthan gum is joined by short lines to six boxes - three in a row above it and three in a row below it. All six are left blank for the student to fill in:
    Position of boxPrinted inside the box
    Above left(blank)
    Above centre(blank)
    Above right(blank)
    Below left(blank)
    Below centre(blank)
    Below right(blank)
  19. Ex Q7
    Complete the following conceptual picture related to environmental management. A central box labelled Microbes is joined by short lines to six boxes - three in a row above it and three in a row below it. Only the box above the centre carries printed text; the other five are left blank for the student to fill in:
    Position of boxPrinted inside the box
    Above left(blank)
    Above centreOil spill
    Above right(blank)
    Below left(blank)
    Below centre(blank)
    Below right(blank)
  20. Answer the following.
    Ex Q8(a)
    What is role of microbes in compost production?
  21. Ex Q8(b)
    What are the benefits of mixing ethanol with petrol and diesel?
  22. Ex Q8(c)
    Which plants are cultivated to obtain the fuel?
  23. Ex Q8(d)
    Which fuels are obtained from biomass?
  24. Ex Q8(e)
    How does the bread become spongy?