Science and Technology II · Textbook solutions

Life Processes in Living Organisms Part 1

Every solved example, exercise, and miscellaneous question, in the order the textbook teaches them. Plus every board question asked from this chapter. · 26 questions

Exercise

26 q

Fill in the blanks and explain the statements.
Ex Q1(a) $After complete oxidation of a glucose molecules, \dots\dots\dots number of ATP molecules are formed.$
Ex Q1(b) $At the end of glycolysis, \dots\dots\dots molecules are obtained.$
Ex Q1(c) $Genetic recombination occurs in \dots\dots\dots phase of prophase of meiosis-I.$
Ex Q1(d) $All chromosomes are arranged parallel to equatorial plane of cell in \dots\dots\dots phase of mitosis.$
Ex Q1(e) $For formation of plasma membrane, \dots\dots\dots molecules are necessary.$
Ex Q1(f) $Our muscle cells perform \dots\dots\dots type of respiration during exercise.$
Write definitions.
Ex Q2(a) $Nutrition.$
Ex Q2(b) $Nutrients$
Ex Q2(c) $Proteins.$
Ex Q2(d) $Cellular respiration$
Ex Q2(e) $Aerobic respiration.$
Ex Q2(f) $Glycolysis.$
Distinguish between
Ex Q3(a) $Glycolysis and TCA cycle.$
Ex Q3(b) $Mitosis and meiosis.$
Ex Q3(c) $Aerobic and anaerobic respiration.$
Give scientific reasons.
Ex Q4(a) $Oxygen is necessary for complete oxidation of glucose.$
Ex Q4(b) $Fibers are one of the important nutrients.$
Ex Q4(c) $Cell division is one of the important properties of cells and organisms.$
Ex Q4(d) $Sometimes, higher plants and animals too perform anaerobic respiration.$
Ex Q4(e) $Krebs cycle is also known as citric acid cycle.$
Answer in detail.
Ex Q5(a) $Explain the glycolysis in detail.$
Ex Q5(b) $With the help of suitable diagrams, explain the mitosis in detail.$
Ex Q5(c) $With the help of suitable diagrams, explain the five stages of prophase-I of meiosis.$
Ex Q5(d) $How all the life processes contribute to the growth and development of the body?$
Ex Q5(e) $Explain the Krebs cycle with reaction.$

Ex Q5(II)

How energy is formed from oxidation of carbohydrates, fats and proteins? Correct the diagram given below. In the printed flow chart the arrows run upwards from the bottom row. Reading from the bottom up, the boxes carry: Position in the chart Printed inside the box Bottom row, left Proteins Bottom row, middle krebs cycle Bottom row, right Fats Second row, left Lipid Second row, middle Glycolysis Second row, right Amino acids Third row, above Glycolysis (blank) Fourth row, spanning the chart — the left and right columns also feed into it Acetyl Co-Enzyme A Fifth row (blank) Top row Pyruvic Acid

Position in the chart	Printed inside the box
Bottom row, left	Proteins
Bottom row, middle	krebs cycle
Bottom row, right	Fats
Second row, left	Lipid
Second row, middle	Glycolysis
Second row, right	Amino acids
Third row, above Glycolysis	(blank)
Fourth row, spanning the chart — the left and right columns also feed into it	Acetyl Co-Enzyme A
Fifth row	(blank)
Top row	Pyruvic Acid

What the board has asked from this chapter

Questions per paper · 13 papers · 2016 to 2026

June 2026

3 q

Q1(B)(i) $गटात न बसणारा शब्द लिहा : पूर्वावस्था, मध्यावस्था, पश्चावस्था, अर्धसूत्री विभाजन Select odd man out: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Meiosis$
Cell Division — Mitosis and Meiosis
Q2(B)(i) $फरक स्पष्ट करा : ऑक्सिश्वसन व विनॉक्सीश्वसन Distinguish between Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration.$
Cellular Respiration
Q3(ii) $ग्लायकोलायसीसची प्रक्रिया स्पष्ट करा. Explain the process of glycolysis.$
Cellular Respiration

March 2026

2 q

Q1(A)(ii) $एका ग्लुकोज रेणूचे पूर्ण ऑक्सिडीकरण झाल्यावर ATP चे एकूण ____ रेणू मिळतात. After complete oxidation of a glucose molecule, ____________ number of ATP molecules are formed.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Cellular Respiration
Q3(ii) $सूत्री विभाजन कोणत्या पेशींमध्ये घडून येते ? प्रकलविभाजनाच्या चार पायऱ्या लिहा. Name the type of cells in which mitosis occurs. Write the four stages of karyokinesis.$
Cell Division — Mitosis and Meiosis

July 2025

3 q

Q1(A)(i) $आपण व्यायाम करताना आपल्या मांसपेशी ____ प्रकारचे श्वसन करतात. Our muscle cells perform ____ type of respiration during exercise.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Cellular Respiration
Q2(A)(iii) $शास्त्रीय कारणे लिहा : तंतुमय पदार्थ एक महत्त्वाचे पोषकतत्त्व आहे. Give scientific reason: Fibres are one of the important nutrients.$
Nutrition in Living Organisms
Q3(ii) $\rightarrow$
Cellular Respiration

March 2025

3 q

Q1(A)(i) $H_2O$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Cellular Respiration
Q2(A)(i) $शास्त्रीय कारणे लिहा : काही उच्चस्तरीय वनस्पती व प्राणीसुद्धा काही वेळा विनॉक्सीश्वसन करतात. Give scientific reason: Sometimes, higher plants and animals too perform anaerobic respiration.$
Cellular Respiration
Q3(ii) $सूत्री पेशीविभाजनाच्या चार अवस्था लिहा आणि कोणत्याही दोन अवस्थांचे स्पष्टीकरण करा. Write any four stages of mitosis and explain any two of them.$
Cell Division — Mitosis and Meiosis

July 2024

3 q

Q1(A)(v) $प्रथिनांपासून आपल्याला प्रति ग्रॅम ____ kcal एवढी ऊर्जा मिळते. We get ____ kcal energy per gram of proteins.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Nutrition in Living Organisms
Q2(A)(i) $शास्त्रीय कारणे लिहा : तंतुमय पदार्थ एक महत्त्वाचे पोषकतत्त्व आहे. Give scientific reason: Fibers are one of the important nutrients.$
Nutrition in Living Organisms
Q3(iii) $कर्बोदके, स्निग्धपदार्थ, प्रथिने यांचे ऑक्सीडीकरण करून ऊर्जा मिळवण्याची प्रक्रिया कशी होते ? खालील तक्ता दुरुस्त करून लिहा. How energy is formed from oxidation of carbohydrates, fats and proteins? Correct the diagram given below:$
Cellular Respiration

March 2024

3 q

Q1(B)(ii) $सहसंबंध लिहा : त्वचा : मेलॅनिन : : स्वादुपिंड : ____Write the co-relation: Skin : Melanin :: Pancreas : ____$
Glands and their Secretions
Q2(A)(iii) $शास्त्रीय कारणे लिहा : व्यायाम केल्यानंतर आपल्याला थकल्यासारखे वाटते. Give scientific reason: We feel tired after exercise.$
Cellular Respiration
Q3(i) $(अ) जीवनसत्त्वे म्हणजे काय ? (ब) विद्राव्यतेच्या आधारे त्यांचे वर्गीकरण करा. (क) वरील वर्गीकरणानुसार प्रत्येकाचे एक-एक उदाहरण लिहा. (a) What are vitamins? (b) Classify them according to their solubility. (c) Give one example of each type as per the above classification.$
Nutrition in Living Organisms

March 2023

2 q

Q1(B)(v) $Write the name of the indicated part in the diagram of the human jaw.$
Nutrition in Living Organisms
Q2(A)(i) $Give scientific reason: Sometimes higher plants and animals too perform anaerobic respiration.$
Cellular Respiration

March 2022

4 q

Q1(A)(i) $Bones contain ____ amino acids.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Nutrition in Living Organisms
Q1(B)(ii) $State true or false: Oxidation of proteins is carried out in aerobic respiration.$
Cellular Respiration
Q2(A)(i) $Give scientific reason: Cell division is one of the important properties of cell and organisms.$
Cell Division — Mitosis and Meiosis
Q2(B)(v) $What are vitamins? Write two types of vitamins.$
Nutrition in Living Organisms

March 2020

2 q

Q1(A)(iv) $The spindle fibres start appearing from ____ stage of karyokinesis.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Cell Division — Mitosis and Meiosis
Q2(A)(ii) $Give scientific reason: We feel exhausted after exercising.$
Cellular Respiration

March 2019

3 q

Q1(B)(i) $Somatic and stem cells undergo ____________ type of division.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Cell Division — Mitosis and Meiosis
Q2(ii) $Draw a neat diagram of the structure of chromosome and label the parts: (a) Centromere (b) p-arm$
Cell Division — Mitosis and Meiosis
Q3(ii) $Complete the following chart and state which process of energy production it represents:$
Cellular Respiration

March 2018

4 q

Q1(A)(b)(ii) $State whether the following statement is true or false: All animals and fungi are autotrophs.$
Nutrition in Living Organisms
Q1(B)(5) $The loss of water in the form of water vapour through stomata on leaves is known as ______.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Transpiration and Water Transport in Plants
Q2(6) $Name any four life processes in living things.$
Nutrition in Living Organisms
Q4(2) $Draw a well labelled diagram of the human excretory system. Write the functions of: (a) Kidney (b) Ureter (c) Urinary bladder.$
Excretory System in Human Beings

March 2017

5 q

State whether the following statements are true or false.
Q1(A)(2)(ii) $Carbohydrates are body building nutrients.$
Nutrition in Living Organisms
Rewrite the following statements by selecting the proper options.
Q1(B)(1) $The exchange of respiratory gases in the cells of plants occurs by the process of ______.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Cellular Respiration
Q1(B)(4) $The process of absorption of water into raisins occurs through its membranes. This process is known as ______.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Osmosis and Diffusion
Attempt any five of the following.
Q2(1) $Draw a neat labelled diagram of the human excretory system.$
Excretory System
Attempt any five of the following questions.
Q3(6) $What would be the consequences of the deficiency of haemoglobin in the human body?$
Transport of Materials and Blood

March 2016

4 q

Q1(A)(1) $Fill in the blank and rewrite the completed statement: ____________ is the largest gland in the body.$
Nutrition in Living Organisms
Q1(A)(3) $State whether the following statement is true or false: Aquatic animals breathe at a slower rate than the terrestrial animals.$
Cellular Respiration
Q1(B)(4) $Raisins are formed by drying grapes. The process that takes place during formation of raisins from grapes is ____________ .$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Osmosis, Diffusion and Absorption
Q4(1) $Given below are the end products of different reactions involving glucose. Write the reaction number in front of the following: (i) Anaerobic reaction = (ii) Reaction in the human muscles = (iii) Aerobic respiration = (iv) Reaction in the plant cells = (v) Reaction in the liver =$
Cellular Respiration

The 10 board questions to practise first

The questions the board asked again come first, most asked first. Each one says how often and when.

Question 1
Asked 2 times: Mar 2025, Mar 2026* (* = numbers or wording changed that year)
Q3(ii) $सूत्री विभाजन कोणत्या पेशींमध्ये घडून येते ? प्रकलविभाजनाच्या चार पायऱ्या लिहा. Name the type of cells in which mitosis occurs. Write the four stages of karyokinesis.$
Question 2
Asked 2 times: Jul 2024, Jul 2025
Q2(A)(iii) $शास्त्रीय कारणे लिहा : तंतुमय पदार्थ एक महत्त्वाचे पोषकतत्त्व आहे. Give scientific reason: Fibres are one of the important nutrients.$
Question 3
Asked 2 times: Mar 2023, Mar 2025
Q2(A)(i) $शास्त्रीय कारणे लिहा : काही उच्चस्तरीय वनस्पती व प्राणीसुद्धा काही वेळा विनॉक्सीश्वसन करतात. Give scientific reason: Sometimes, higher plants and animals too perform anaerobic respiration.$
Question 4
Asked 2 times: Mar 2020, Mar 2024
Q2(A)(iii) $शास्त्रीय कारणे लिहा : व्यायाम केल्यानंतर आपल्याला थकल्यासारखे वाटते. Give scientific reason: We feel tired after exercise.$
Question 5
Asked 2 times: Mar 2022, Mar 2024* (* = numbers or wording changed that year)
Q3(i) $(अ) जीवनसत्त्वे म्हणजे काय ? (ब) विद्राव्यतेच्या आधारे त्यांचे वर्गीकरण करा. (क) वरील वर्गीकरणानुसार प्रत्येकाचे एक-एक उदाहरण लिहा. (a) What are vitamins? (b) Classify them according to their solubility. (c) Give one example of each type as per the above classification.$
Question 6
This type asked 9 times: Mar 2016, Mar 2017, Mar 2019, Mar 2022, Jul 2024, Mar 2025, Jul 2025, Mar 2026, Jun 2026. This one: Jun 2026
Q3(ii) $ग्लायकोलायसीसची प्रक्रिया स्पष्ट करा. Explain the process of glycolysis.$
Question 7
This type asked 7 times: Mar 2016, Mar 2017, Mar 2018, Mar 2022, Mar 2023, Mar 2024, Jul 2024. This one: Jul 2024
Q1(A)(v) $प्रथिनांपासून आपल्याला प्रति ग्रॅम ____ kcal एवढी ऊर्जा मिळते. We get ____ kcal energy per gram of proteins.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Question 8
This type asked 5 times: Mar 2019, Mar 2020, Mar 2022, Mar 2025, Jun 2026. This one: Jun 2026
Q1(B)(i) $गटात न बसणारा शब्द लिहा : पूर्वावस्था, मध्यावस्था, पश्चावस्था, अर्धसूत्री विभाजन Select odd man out: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Meiosis$
Question 9
Asked once: Jun 2026 (same type asked 9 times)
Q2(B)(i) $फरक स्पष्ट करा : ऑक्सिश्वसन व विनॉक्सीश्वसन Distinguish between Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration.$
Question 10
Asked once: Mar 2024 (same type asked 7 times)
Q1(B)(ii) $सहसंबंध लिहा : त्वचा : मेलॅनिन : : स्वादुपिंड : ____Write the co-relation: Skin : Melanin :: Pancreas : ____$

Exercise

What the board has asked from this chapter

June 2026

March 2026

July 2025

March 2025

July 2024

March 2024

March 2023

March 2022

March 2020

March 2019

March 2018

March 2017

March 2016

The 10 board questions to practise first

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Question 9

Question 10