Science and Technology II · Textbook solutions

Life Processes in Living Organisms Part 2

Every solved example, exercise, and miscellaneous question, in the order the textbook teaches them. Plus every board question asked from this chapter. · 27 questions

Exercise

27 q

Ex Q1

Complete the following chart. Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction 1. Reproduction that occurs with the help of somatic cells is called as asexual reproduction. 1. \dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots 2. \dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots 2. Male and female parent are necessary for sexual reproduction. 3. This reproduction occurs with the help of mitosis only. 3. \dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots 4. \dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots 4. New individual formed by this method is genetically different from parents. 5. Asexual reproduction occurs in different individuals by various methods like binary fission, multiple fission, budding, fragmentation, regeneration, vegetative propagation, spore production, etc. 5. \dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots\dots

Fill in the blanks.
Ex Q2(a) $In humans, sperm production occurs in the organ ----------------.$
Ex Q2(b) $In humans, ------ chromosome is responsible for maleness.$
Ex Q2(c) $In male and female reproductive system of human, ------------- gland is same.$
Ex Q2(d) $Implantation of embryo occurs in ------$
Ex Q2(e) $---------- type of reproduction occurs without fusion of gametes.$
Ex Q2(f) $Body breaks up into several fragments and each fragment starts to live as a new individual. This is -- -- -- -- -- -- -- type of reproduction.$
Ex Q2(g) $Pollen grains are formed by -- ----- -- -- -- division in locules of anthers.$
Ex Q3 $Complete the paragraph with the help of words given in the bracket. (Luteinizing hormone, endometrium of uterus, follicle stimulating hormone, estrogen, progesterone, corpus luteum) Growth of follicles present in the ovary occurs under the effect of ----- This follicle secretes estrogen. -- --- - -- -- -- -- grows / regenerates under the effect of estrogen. Under the effect of --- ---, fully grown up follicle bursts, ovulation occurs and -- --- -- -- is formed from remaining part of follicle. It secrets --- --- -- -- and --- --- -- -- --. Under the effect of these hormones, glands of -- -- -- -- are activated and it becomes ready for implantation.$
Answer the following questions in short.
Ex Q4(a) $Explain with examples types of asexual reproduction in unicellular organism.$
Ex Q4(b) $Explain the concept of IVF.$
Ex Q4(c) $Which precautions will you follow to maintain the reproductive health?$
Ex Q4(d) $What is menstrual cycle? Describe it in brief.$
Ex Q5 $In case of sexual reproduction, new-born show similarities about characters. Explain this statement with suitable examples.$
Sketch the labelled diagrams.
Ex Q6(a) $Human male reproductive system.$
Ex Q6(b) $Human female reproductive system.$
Ex Q6(c) $Flower with its sexual reproductive organs.$
Ex Q6(d) $Menstrual cycle.$
Give the names.
Ex Q7(a) $Hormones related with male reproductive system.$
Ex Q7(b) $Hormones secreted by ovary of female reproductive system.$
Ex Q7(c) $Types of twins.$
Ex Q7(d) $Any two sexual diseases.$
Ex Q7(e) $Methods of family planning.$
Ex Q8 $Gender of child is determined by the male partner of couple. Explain with reasons whether this statement is true or false.$
Ex Q9 $Explain asexual reproduction in plants.$
Ex Q10 $Modern techniques like surrogate mother, sperm bank and IVF technique will help the human beings. Justify this statement.$
Ex Q11 $Explain sexual reproduction in plants.$

Asexual reproduction	Sexual reproduction
1. Reproduction that occurs with the help of somatic cells is called as asexual reproduction.	1. …………………………………………
2. …………………………………………	2. Male and female parent are necessary for sexual reproduction.
3. This reproduction occurs with the help of mitosis only.	3. …………………………………………
4. …………………………………………	4. New individual formed by this method is genetically different from parents.
5. Asexual reproduction occurs in different individuals by various methods like binary fission, multiple fission, budding, fragmentation, regeneration, vegetative propagation, spore production, etc.	5. …………………………………………

What the board has asked from this chapter

Questions per paper · 13 papers · 2016 to 2026

June 2026

5 q

Q1(A)(ii) $मानवामध्ये ____ हे गुणसूत्र पुरुषत्वासाठी कारणीभूत असते. In humans, ____________ chromosome is responsible for maleness.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Human Reproductive System
खालील आकृतीचे निरीक्षण करून प्रश्नांची उत्तरे लिहा.
Observe the diagram (a flower with parts labelled A, B, C, D) and answer the questions.
Q4(i)(a) $आकृतीच्या भागांना योग्य नांवे द्या. Label the parts A, B, C, D shown in above diagram.$
Types of Reproduction
Q4(i)(b) $कोणत्याही एका मंडलाचे नांव लिहा. Write name of any one type of whorl.$
Types of Reproduction
Q4(i)(c) $पुमंगचे कोणतेही दोन घटक लिहा. Write any two components of Androecium.$
Types of Reproduction
Q4(i)(d) $जायांगाचे कोणतेही दोन घटक लिहा. Write any two components of Gynoecium.$
Types of Reproduction

March 2026

6 q

Q1(B)(i) $रिकाम्या चौकटीत योग्य शब्द लिहा : एकपेशीय सजीवांमधील अलैंगिक प्रजनन द्विविभाजन बहुविभाजन ____Complete the following activity by filling the box with the proper word. Asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms takes place by: Binary fission, Multiple fission and ____________.$
Types of Reproduction
खाली दिलेल्या आकृतीचे निरीक्षण करून विचारलेल्या प्रश्नांची उत्तरे लिहा :
Observe the diagram given below (the human reproductive system) and answer the questions.
Q4(ii)(1) $आकृतीमध्ये दर्शविलेल्या प्रजननसंस्थेचे नांव लिहा. Write the name of the reproductive system shown in the above diagram.$
Human Reproductive System
Q4(ii)(2) $या प्रजननसंस्थेतील दोन ग्रंथींची नांवे लिहा. Name any two glands in the above diagram.$
Human Reproductive System
Q4(ii)(3) $या प्रजननसंस्थेतील एका नलिकेचे नांव लिहा. Mention any one duct in the above system.$
Human Reproductive System
Q4(ii)(4) $एका शुक्राणूची लांबी किती असते ? What is the length of a sperm?$
Human Reproductive System
Q4(ii)(5) $वृषणाद्वारे कोणते संप्रेरक तयार होते ? Which hormone is secreted by the testes?$
Human Reproductive System

July 2025

2 q

Q1(B)(ii) $कोणत्याही एका लैंगिक रोगाचे नांव लिहा. Write the name of any one sexual disease.$
Reproductive Health
Q2(B)(iii) $\downarrow$
Types of Reproduction

March 2025

4 q

Q1(A)(iv) $मानवी शुक्रपेशीची निर्मिती ____ या अवयवात होते. In humans, sperm production occurs in the ____ organ.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Human Reproductive System
Q1(B)(i) $विसंगत पद ओळखा : खंडीभवन, पुनर्जनन, मुकुलायन, फलन. Find the odd one out: Fragmentation, Regeneration, Budding, Fertilization.$
Types of Reproduction
Q2(A)(ii) $शास्त्रीय कारणे लिहा : मुलगी होण्यासाठी स्त्रीला जबाबदार धरणे अयोग्य आहे. Give scientific reason: It is not right to consider the mother responsible for giving birth to a girl child.$
Human Reproductive System
Q3(iii) $एकपेशीय सजीवातील अलैंगिक प्रजननाचे प्रकार उदाहरणासह स्पष्ट करा. Explain with examples types of asexual reproduction in unicellular organism.$
Types of Reproduction

July 2024

5 q

Q2(B)(ii) $फरक स्पष्ट करा : लैंगिक प्रजनन आणि अलैंगिक प्रजनन Distinguish between Sexual reproduction and Asexual reproduction.$
Types of Reproduction
खालील प्रश्न सोडवा :
Answer the following questions on the human female reproductive system:
Q4(i)(a) $मानवी स्त्री प्रजनन संस्थेची नामनिर्देशित आकृती काढा. Draw well labelled diagram of female reproductive system.$
Human Reproductive System
Q4(i)(b) $मानवी स्त्री प्रजनन संस्थेत कोणते संप्रेरक स्त्रवले जाते ? Which type of hormones are secreted in female reproductive system?$
Human Reproductive System
Q4(i)(c) $रजोनिवृत्तीचा कालावधी किती असतो ? When does menopause period stop?$
Human Reproductive System
Q4(i)(d) $स्त्री भ्रूणाच्या जन्मावेळी अंडाशयात किती अंडपेशी असतात ? How many ovaries are there in female foetus at the time of birth?$
Human Reproductive System

March 2024

6 q

Q1(A)(i) $पुनर्जनन पद्धती ____ या प्राण्यात आढळते. Regeneration occurs in ____.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Types of Reproduction
पुरुष प्रजनन संस्थेवर आधारित विचारलेल्या प्रश्नांची उत्तरे लिहा :
Answer the following questions based on the human male reproductive system:
Q4(i)(a) $पुरुषांमध्ये कोणत्या अवयवात शुक्राणूंची निर्मिती होते ? In which organ are sperms formed?$
Human Reproductive System
Q4(i)(b) $एका शुक्राणूची लांबी किती असते ? What is the length of a sperm?$
Human Reproductive System
Q4(i)(c) $शुक्रवाहिनीचे कार्य लिहा. What is the work of the vas deferens?$
Human Reproductive System
Q4(i)(d) $शुक्रपेशी कोणत्या पेशीविभाजन पद्धतीद्वारे तयार होतात ? By which type of cell division are sperms formed?$
Human Reproductive System
Q4(i)(e) $पुरुष प्रजनन संस्थेतील जोडी नसणाऱ्या कोणत्याही दोन अवयवांची नावे लिहा. Name any two unpaired organs of the male reproductive system.$
Human Reproductive System

March 2023

8 q

Q1(A)(ii) $Type of sexual reproduction is ____.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Types of Reproduction
Q2(A)(iii) $Give scientific reason: Flower is the structural unit of sexual reproduction in a plant.$
Types of Reproduction
Q3(v) $Cockroach, Frog, Sparrow, Star fish — from these animals, which one can regenerate its broken body part?$
Types of Reproduction
Refer to the diagram of the menstrual cycle showing the hypothalamus (GnRH), pituitary glands (FSH, LH), changes in the ovary during menstruation (developing follicle, fully grown follicle, ovulation, corpus luteum, corpus albicans), hormones estrogen and progesterone, and the changes in the uterus (endometrium) over days 1 to 28.
Q4(i)(a) $Observe the diagram of the menstrual cycle and answer: What is the period of menstruation (menstrual cycle)?$
Human Reproductive System
Q4(i)(b) $On which day does ovulation occur during the menstrual cycle?$
Human Reproductive System
Q4(i)(c) $In the menstrual cycle, which reproductive organs undergo changes?$
Human Reproductive System
Q4(i)(d) $Which period is said to be the period of regeneration of the endometrium?$
Human Reproductive System
Q4(i)(e) $Which period is said to be the period of secretions of the glands in the endometrium?$
Human Reproductive System

March 2022

4 q

Q2(B)(iii) $Distinguish between sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. (two points)$
Types of Reproduction
Q.4 carries an internal choice — the candidate answers any ONE of Q.4(i) or Q.4(ii).
Q4(i)(a) $Sketch and label the essential and accessory whorls of flower.$
Types of Reproduction
Q4(i)(b) $What is pollination?$
Types of Reproduction
Q4(i)(c) $Give any two examples of agents of pollination.$
Types of Reproduction

March 2020

6 q

Q1(A)(ii) $Body breaks up into several fragments and each fragment starts to live as a new individual. This is ____ type of reproduction.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Types of Reproduction
Q1(B)(iv) $Write function of testes.$
Human Reproductive System
Q2(A)(i) $Give scientific reason: Indians should follow family planning for controlling the population.$
Reproductive Health
Explain the following concepts in short.
Q3(v)(a) $Explain in short the concept: Surrogacy.$
Reproductive Health
Q3(v)(b) $Explain in short the concept: In Vitro Fertilization (IVF).$
Reproductive Health
Q3(v)(c) $Explain in short the concept: Sperm Bank.$
Reproductive Health

March 2019

4 q

Q1(A)(ii) $Fill in the blank and rewrite the completed statement: Pranav and Pritee are twins in your class. They belong to ____________ twins' type.$
Human Reproductive System
Q4(ii)(b) $Prepare a slogan for the campaign against female foeticide.$
Reproductive Health
Q4(ii)(c) $In the following figure, explain how new fungal colonies of mucor are formed.$
Types of Reproduction
Q4(ii)(d) $Identify and state the type of reproduction represented in the above figure.$
Types of Reproduction

March 2018

2 q

Q1(B)(2) $______ type of reproduction occurs in Hydra.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Types of Reproduction
Q3(4) $Write the changes that occur in the age group 11 to 21 years in boys.$
Reproductive Health

March 2017

7 q

Q1(A)(3) $Considering the relationship in the first pair, complete the second pair: Root : Vegetative propagation : : Flower : ______$
Types of Reproduction
Rewrite the following statements by selecting the proper options.
Q1(B)(3) $______ type of reproduction takes place in Hydra.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Types of Reproduction
Attempt any one of the following. Answer the following questions with respect to the sexual reproduction in plants.
Q4(1)(i) $State the name of the functional unit concerned with sexual reproduction.$
Types of Reproduction
Q4(1)(ii) $Name the part made up of the stigma, style and ovary.$
Types of Reproduction
Q4(1)(iii) $Name the swollen lower part of the carpel.$
Types of Reproduction
Q4(1)(iv) $Name the male part of the flower.$
Types of Reproduction
Q4(1)(v) $Where are the pollen grains produced?$
Types of Reproduction

March 2016

4 q

Q1(A)(2) $Find the odd one out and write it: vagina, uterus, vas deferens, ovary.$
Human Reproductive System
Q1(B)(2) $For binary fission, Amoeba required ____________ parent cells.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Types of Reproduction
Q2(3) $Draw a well-labelled diagram of longitudinal section of a flower.$
Types of Reproduction
Q3(6) $Explain the disadvantages of a large family size.$
Reproductive Health

The 10 board questions to practise first

The questions the board asked again come first, most asked first. Each one says how often and when.

Question 1
Asked 2 times: Mar 2025, Mar 2026* (* = numbers or wording changed that year)
Q1(B)(i) $रिकाम्या चौकटीत योग्य शब्द लिहा : एकपेशीय सजीवांमधील अलैंगिक प्रजनन द्विविभाजन बहुविभाजन ____Complete the following activity by filling the box with the proper word. Asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms takes place by: Binary fission, Multiple fission and ____________.$
Question 2
Asked 2 times: Mar 2024, Mar 2025* (* = numbers or wording changed that year)
Q1(A)(iv) $मानवी शुक्रपेशीची निर्मिती ____ या अवयवात होते. In humans, sperm production occurs in the ____ organ.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Question 3
Asked 2 times: Mar 2022, Jul 2024
Q2(B)(ii) $फरक स्पष्ट करा : लैंगिक प्रजनन आणि अलैंगिक प्रजनन Distinguish between Sexual reproduction and Asexual reproduction.$
Question 4
Asked 2 times: Mar 2023, Mar 2024* (* = numbers or wording changed that year)
Q1(A)(i) $पुनर्जनन पद्धती ____ या प्राण्यात आढळते. Regeneration occurs in ____.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Question 5
Asked 2 times: Mar 2017, Mar 2018
Q1(B)(2) $______ type of reproduction occurs in Hydra.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Question 6
This type asked 6 times: Mar 2016, Mar 2019, Mar 2020, Mar 2023, Mar 2025, Jul 2025. This one: Jul 2025
Q2(B)(iii) $\downarrow$
Question 7 (case study, 4 parts)
This type asked 5 times: Mar 2016, Mar 2017, Mar 2022, Mar 2023, Jun 2026. This one: Jun 2026
Observe the diagram (a flower with parts labelled A, B, C, D) and answer the questions.
Q4(i)(a) $आकृतीच्या भागांना योग्य नांवे द्या. Label the parts A, B, C, D shown in above diagram.$
Q4(i)(b) $कोणत्याही एका मंडलाचे नांव लिहा. Write name of any one type of whorl.$
Q4(i)(c) $पुमंगचे कोणतेही दोन घटक लिहा. Write any two components of Androecium.$
Q4(i)(d) $जायांगाचे कोणतेही दोन घटक लिहा. Write any two components of Gynoecium.$
Question 8
This type asked 5 times: Mar 2016, Mar 2018, Mar 2019, Mar 2020, Jul 2025. This one: Jul 2025
Q1(B)(ii) $कोणत्याही एका लैंगिक रोगाचे नांव लिहा. Write the name of any one sexual disease.$
Question 9 (case study, 5 parts)
This type asked 3 times: Mar 2020, Mar 2024, Mar 2026. This one: Mar 2026
Observe the diagram given below (the human reproductive system) and answer the questions.
Q4(ii)(1) $आकृतीमध्ये दर्शविलेल्या प्रजननसंस्थेचे नांव लिहा. Write the name of the reproductive system shown in the above diagram.$
Q4(ii)(2) $या प्रजननसंस्थेतील दोन ग्रंथींची नांवे लिहा. Name any two glands in the above diagram.$
Q4(ii)(3) $या प्रजननसंस्थेतील एका नलिकेचे नांव लिहा. Mention any one duct in the above system.$
Q4(ii)(4) $एका शुक्राणूची लांबी किती असते ? What is the length of a sperm?$
Q4(ii)(5) $वृषणाद्वारे कोणते संप्रेरक तयार होते ? Which hormone is secreted by the testes?$
Question 10
This type asked 3 times: Mar 2016, Mar 2023, Jul 2024. This one: Jul 2024
Answer the following questions on the human female reproductive system:
Q4(i)(a) $मानवी स्त्री प्रजनन संस्थेची नामनिर्देशित आकृती काढा. Draw well labelled diagram of female reproductive system.$

Exercise

What the board has asked from this chapter

June 2026

March 2026

July 2025

March 2025

July 2024

March 2024

March 2023

March 2022

March 2020

March 2019

March 2018

March 2017

March 2016

The 10 board questions to practise first

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7 (case study, 4 parts)

Question 8

Question 9 (case study, 5 parts)

Question 10