Reference tables
The 85 Articles + Amendments + Bodies + Parts NDA Polity actually tests
Single page, named-fact reference grouped by domain. Key Articles ↔ Subject (~32 article-pair anchors — the bank's #1 cross-chapter lever, 28 q reference Articles). Constitutional Amendments ↔ Year ↔ Theme (~18 entries). Constitutional Bodies ↔ Function ↔ Article (~19 entries — densest CTA target). Parts ↔ Schedules ↔ Content (~11 structural entries). Each row links to the playbook where that fact most appears. Bookmark and active-recall the morning of the exam.
- Articles + Amendments + Bodies + Parts
- 85
- themed clusters
- 4
- page to revise from
- 1
- years of PYQs behind it
- 10
How to use this page
- First read: cover-to-cover. Mark facts you DON’T already know cold — the ones you couldn’t derive from the Article number or entity name alone. Most candidates know ~30 of the 85.
- Active recall: cover the right two columns (paired fact + context), read the entity NAME, write the paired fact + one context note from memory. Repeat for any you miss. Drill ‘Key Articles ↔ Subject’ first (highest leverage — bank’s #1 cross- chapter lever); then ‘Constitutional Bodies’ (densest CTA target on the 21-q subtopic); then ‘Amendments’ + ‘Parts/Schedules’ as separate 4-pass sessions.
- Drill the playbook: click the ‘Playbook’ link on any row to jump to the chapter’s deep-dive + drill the bank questions where that fact appears.
- Trap-aware: the amber ‘Note’ on a row flags the most-common distractor for that pair (Article 21A age is 6–14 not 6–18; 42nd 1976 added Fundamental Duties Article 51A; Lokpal is STATUTORY not constitutional; HC territorial jurisdictions like Calcutta covers A&N not Lakshadweep; Article 51A inserted by 42nd 1976; right to property removed from FRs by 44th 1978).
Key Articles ↔ Subject
~32 Article-pair anchors NDA Polity tests as cross-chapter recall. The bank's #1 lever — 28 q reference Article numbers across 3 chapters. Distractors swap Article-number ↔ subject; drill the pair table cold.
| Article | Subject | Detail + Part | |
|---|---|---|---|
Article 12 | Definition of 'State' for FR purposes | Part III · scope of who can violate FRs (govt, local authorities, other authorities — includes BCCI per Zee Telefilms 2005?) | Playbook |
Article 14 | Equality before law + equal protection of laws | Part III · available to ALL PERSONS (incl. foreigners) · foundation of reasonable classification doctrine | Playbook |
Article 15 | Prohibition of discrimination — religion/race/caste/sex/birthplace | Part III · CITIZENS ONLY · 15(6) added by 103rd 2019 for EWS reservation | Playbook |
Article 16 | Equality of opportunity in public employment | Part III · CITIZENS ONLY · 16(4) reservation for backward classes · 16(6) added 103rd 2019 EWS | Playbook |
Article 19 Note:Right to property REMOVED from 19 by 44th 1978 — now only Article 300A legal right (NOT FR). Distractor still lists 7 freedoms. | Six freedoms (post 44th) | Part III · CITIZENS ONLY · speech+expression / assembly / association+cooperatives / movement / residence / profession · 19(1)(f) right to property REMOVED by 44th 1978 | Playbook |
Article 21 | Right to life and personal liberty | Part III · ALL PERSONS · broadly read incl. privacy (Puttaswamy 2017), dignity, livelihood, environment | Playbook |
Article 21A Note:Age 6–14 (NOT 6–18). Distractor stretches the age range; 14+ post-school is Article 41 (DPSP, non-justiciable). | Right to free + compulsory education (6–14 yrs) | Part III · added by 86th Amendment 2002 · made FR · age 6–14 (NOT 6–18 — distractor trap) | Playbook |
Article 32 | Right to Constitutional Remedies (writs) | Part III · 5 writs: habeas corpus / mandamus / prohibition / certiorari / quo warranto · Ambedkar's 'heart and soul of the Constitution' | Playbook |
Article 44 | Uniform Civil Code (UCC) | Part IV · DPSP · state to endeavour to secure for citizens a UCC throughout India | Playbook |
Article 46 | Promotion of educational/economic interests of SC/ST and weaker sections | Part IV · DPSP · the 2019 EASY PYQ tests this Article | Playbook |
Article 51 | Promotion of international peace and security | Part IV · DPSP · last article of Part IV · 51(c) respect for international law | Playbook |
Article 51A Note:Article 51A inserted by 42nd 1976, NOT in original Constitution. 11 duties post-86th 2002 (originally 10). | Fundamental Duties (11 duties) | Part IV-A · added by 42nd Amendment 1976 (10 duties; Swaran Singh Committee) · 11th duty 51A(k) parents' responsibility for education added by 86th 2002 | Playbook |
Article 76 | Attorney-General of India | Part V · first law officer of GoI · holds office during pleasure of President · right to speak in either House WITHOUT right to vote | Playbook |
Article 79 Note:President IS part of Parliament under Article 79 — distractor claims Parliament is 'only LS + RS' but 2020 PYQ confirmed President IS included. | Constitution of Parliament | Part V · Parliament = President + Council of States (RS) + House of the People (LS) — President IS part of Parliament for constitutional purposes | Playbook |
Article 85 Note:Summoning + prorogation = President's power (NOT Speaker's). Speaker only adjourns sittings. Common HARD distractor. | Sessions of Parliament + prorogation + dissolution | Part V · President SUMMONS each House · President PROROGUES · President DISSOLVES LS · gap between sessions max 6 months | Playbook |
Article 110 | Definition of Money Bill | Part V · 6-item exclusive list (taxation, borrowing, consolidated fund, etc.) · LS-introduction only · RS recommend in 14 days · Speaker's certificate FINAL | Playbook |
Article 117 | Definition of Finance Bill | Part V · broader than Money Bill (any tax/finance provision) · RS has EQUAL say · no Speaker certificate | Playbook |
Article 124 | Establishment + Constitution of Supreme Court | Part V · CJI + max 33 puisne judges (currently 34 incl. CJI) · 124(4) removal grounds — proven misbehaviour/incapacity | Playbook |
Article 148 | Comptroller and Auditor-General of India (CAG) | Part V · appointed by President · removable like SC judge · 6 yrs or 65 yrs · reports to President per 151 → PAC | Playbook |
Article 243G Note:243G = FUNCTIONAL devolution (planning + 11th Schedule schemes). Taxation is 243H, a separate provision. 2022 HARD PYQ tests this. | Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats | Part IX · state legislature MAY endow Panchayats with such powers · NOT about taxation (243H) or constitution (243B) | Playbook |
Article 243ZD | District Planning Committee | Part IX · constitution + composition + functions · the 2023 MOD PYQ tests this Article | Playbook |
Article 280 | Finance Commission | Part XII · every 5 yrs · 1 Chair + 4 members · currently 16th FC under Dr Arvind Panagariya · recommends Centre-State revenue sharing | Playbook |
Article 300A Note:Right to property is Article 300A LEGAL right (NOT FR Article 19 or 31 anymore — those were removed by 44th 1978). | Right to Property (legal right) | Part XII · added by 44th Amendment 1978 · NO PERSON shall be deprived of property save by authority of law · NOT a FR anymore | Playbook |
Article 324 | Election Commission of India | Part XV · CEC + 2 ECs · removable like SC judge (CEC); other ECs on CEC's recommendation · superintendence of elections | Playbook |
Article 352 | National Emergency | Part XVIII · grounds: war, external aggression, ARMED REBELLION (substituted from 'internal disturbance' by 44th 1978) · approved by both Houses in 1 month | Playbook |
Article 356 | President's Rule (failure of constitutional machinery in a State) | Part XVIII · imposed on Governor's report or otherwise · approved by both Houses in 2 months · max 3 yrs total · S.R. Bommai 1994 judicial review | Playbook |
Article 360 | Financial Emergency | Part XVIII · never declared so far · imposed if financial stability/credit threatened · approved by both Houses in 2 months | Playbook |
Article 368 | Power of Parliament to amend Constitution | Part XX · simple majority for some / 2/3+majority of total membership for others / 2/3+majority+half states for federal · basic structure cannot be amended (Kesavananda 1973) | Playbook |
Article 371A Note:Article 371A applies specifically to Nagaland — 4 areas where Parliament Acts don't auto-apply. 2024 MOD PYQ tests this scope. | Special provisions for Nagaland | Acts of Parliament on Naga customary law/social/religious practices, ownership of land+resources, civil/criminal procedure don't apply UNLESS Nagaland LA so resolves | Playbook |
Article 279A | GST Council | Part XII · added by 101st Amendment 2017 · constitutional body · chair = Union Finance Minister · vote weighted (Centre 1/3, States 2/3) | Playbook |
Article 243K | State Election Commission | Part IX · supervises PRI elections (separate from central ECI) · 1 SEC member · removable like HC judge | Playbook |
Article 151 | CAG reports to President | Part V · CAG submits Union accounts reports to President; State accounts to Governor · who lays before Parliament/SLA · then PAC reviews | Playbook |
Constitutional Amendments ↔ Year ↔ Theme
18 major amendments tested in the bank. Constitutional Amendments subtopic alone is 10 q · 20% HARD — chapter giant for Indian Constitution. Memorise the YEAR + THEME + PART affected triple cold.
| Amendment | Year | Theme + key change | |
|---|---|---|---|
1st Amendment | 1951 | Added 9th Schedule (land reforms acts immune from judicial review at the time) · restricted right to property · Article 31A inserted | Playbook |
7th Amendment | 1956 | States Reorganization Act 1956 implementation · linguistic states on Fazl Ali Commission's recommendations · UTs introduced | Playbook |
24th Amendment | 1971 | Parliament's amending power over FRs reaffirmed (post-Golak Nath 1967) · Article 368 modified · President must give assent to Constitutional Amendments | Playbook |
25th Amendment | 1971 | Right to property further weakened · Article 31C inserted (DPSP given precedence over Articles 14 + 19 in specified areas) | Playbook |
35th Amendment Note:35th = Sikkim ASSOCIATE state (1974); 36th = Sikkim FULL state (1975). Distractor swaps these. | 1974 | Sikkim ASSOCIATE state status (NOT full statehood — that was 36th 1975) · the 2021 MOD PYQ tests Sikkim attribution to 35th | Playbook |
36th Amendment | 1975 | Sikkim FULL statehood (22nd state) · merged into Indian Union | Playbook |
42nd Amendment Note:Article 51A (Fundamental Duties) inserted by 42nd 1976 — most-tested attribution. NOT in original Constitution. | 1976 | 'Mini-Constitution' under Indira's Emergency · added SOCIALIST + SECULAR + INTEGRITY to Preamble · FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES 51A Part IVA inserted (10 duties) · DPSP override FRs (Article 31C extended) · LS+SLA term extended to 6 yrs (reverted by 44th) | Playbook |
44th Amendment | 1978 | Janata govt's UNDO of 42nd · restored judicial review · LS term reverted 6→5 yrs · REMOVED right to property from FRs (Articles 19(1)(f) and 31 deleted) · added Article 300A as legal right · 'armed rebellion' replaced 'internal disturbance' in Article 352 | Playbook |
52nd Amendment | 1985 | ANTI-DEFECTION LAW · 10th Schedule added · disqualification grounds for legislators changing parties · Rajiv Gandhi era | Playbook |
61st Amendment | 1989 | Voting age REDUCED 21→18 · expanded electorate significantly | Playbook |
73rd Amendment | 1992 | PANCHAYATI RAJ constitutional · Part IX added (Articles 243–243O) · 11th SCHEDULE lists 29 subjects devolved to PRIs · 3-tier system (Village/Block/District) | Playbook |
74th Amendment | 1992 | URBAN LOCAL BODIES (Municipalities) constitutional · Part IX-A added (Articles 243P–243ZG) · 12th SCHEDULE lists 18 subjects · Nagar Panchayat / Municipal Council / Municipal Corporation tiers | Playbook |
86th Amendment | 2002 | RIGHT TO EDUCATION · Article 21A made FR for 6–14 yrs (free + compulsory education) · Article 51A(k) duty for parents added (11th FD) · Article 45 DPSP modified to early childhood care+education | Playbook |
95th Amendment | 2009 | Extended SC/ST + Anglo-Indian reservation in LS + State Legislative Assemblies by 10 years (till 2020) | Playbook |
97th Amendment | 2011 | Part IX-B inserted (Cooperative Societies — Articles 243ZH–243ZT) · added 'cooperatives' to Article 19(1)(c) freedom of association · constitutional status for cooperatives | Playbook |
101st Amendment | 2017 | GOODS AND SERVICES TAX (GST) · Article 246A inserted (concurrent power on GST) · Article 279A GST Council · subsumed Central + State indirect taxes | Playbook |
103rd Amendment | 2019 | 10% EWS RESERVATION in education + public employment · Article 15(6) + 16(6) inserted · separate from SC/ST/OBC reservations · upheld by SC Janhit Abhiyan 2022 | Playbook |
104th Amendment | 2020 | REMOVED Anglo-Indian nomination from LS + State Legislative Assemblies (was 2 in LS, 1 in each SLA from 1950) · extended SC/ST reservation 10 more years to 2030 | Playbook |
Constitutional Bodies ↔ Function ↔ Article
19 body entries — the densest CTA target on /reference-tables. Constitutional Bodies and Offices is the chapter giant (21 q · 10% HARD). Distractor swaps appointment authority / removal grounds / constitutional vs statutory status.
| Body / Office | Article | Function + appointment + removal | |
|---|---|---|---|
Comptroller and Auditor-General (CAG) | Article 148 | Audits Union + State accounts · appointed by President · removable like SC judge · 6 yrs or 65 yrs · CONSTITUTIONAL | Playbook |
Election Commission of India (ECI) | Article 324 | Superintendence of elections to Parliament + State Legislatures + President + VP · CEC + 2 ECs · CEC removable like SC judge · CONSTITUTIONAL | Playbook |
Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) | Article 315 | Recommends appointments + promotions + disciplinary matters · 1 chair + members · 6 yrs or 65 yrs · CONSTITUTIONAL | Playbook |
Finance Commission Note:16th Finance Commission chaired by Dr Arvind Panagariya, constituted Dec 31 2023 per the 2024 MOD PYQ. | Article 280 | Recommends Centre-State revenue sharing · constituted every 5 yrs · currently 16th under Dr Arvind Panagariya (2025–2030) · CONSTITUTIONAL | Playbook |
Attorney-General of India | Article 76 | First law officer of GoI · appointed by President · holds office during pleasure · right to speak in either House WITHOUT vote · CONSTITUTIONAL | Playbook |
Solicitor-General of India Note:Solicitor-General is STATUTORY, NOT Constitutional (unlike Attorney-General Article 76). Distractor common. | Statutory (not Constitutional) | Assists Attorney-General · appointed by Appointments Committee of Cabinet · STATUTORY (NOT Constitutional) | Playbook |
Advocate-General of State | Article 165 | First law officer of State · appointed by Governor · CONSTITUTIONAL · state counterpart of AG | Playbook |
Central Information Commission (CIC) | Statutory (RTI Act 2005) | Hears RTI appeals · CIC + up to 10 ICs · STATUTORY (NOT Constitutional) | Playbook |
Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) | Statutory (CVC Act 2003) | Apex integrity institution · investigates govt corruption · STATUTORY · founded on K. Santhanam Committee 1962 recommendation | Playbook |
Lokpal Note:Lokpal is STATUTORY (2013 Act), NOT Constitutional. Distractor claims constitutional status — wrong. First proposed by Administrative Reforms Commission 1966 — Morarji Desai Chair. | Statutory (Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act 2013) | Investigates corruption complaints against public servants incl. PM (with safeguards) · STATUTORY (NOT Constitutional) | Playbook |
National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) | Statutory (Protection of Human Rights Act 1993) | Investigates HR violations · Chair = former CJI · STATUTORY (NOT Constitutional) | Playbook |
National Commission for Scheduled Castes | Article 338 | Investigates SC concerns · 89th Amendment 2003 separated NCSC from NCST · CONSTITUTIONAL | Playbook |
National Commission for Scheduled Tribes | Article 338A | Investigates ST concerns · separated from NCSC by 89th Amendment 2003 · CONSTITUTIONAL | Playbook |
National Commission for Backward Classes | Article 338B | Constitutional status by 102nd Amendment 2018 (was statutory earlier under 1993 Act) · CONSTITUTIONAL | Playbook |
GST Council | Article 279A | Added by 101st Amendment 2017 · chair = Union Finance Minister · vote weighted Centre 1/3 + States 2/3 · CONSTITUTIONAL | Playbook |
North Eastern Council (NEC) Note:Home Minister of India = ex officio chair of NEC. 2018 MOD PYQ tests this directly. | Statutory (NEC Act 1971) | Apex regional planning body for NE states · Home Minister of India is EX OFFICIO CHAIRMAN · STATUTORY | Playbook |
Zonal Councils | Statutory (States Reorganization Act 1956) | 5 zonal councils (Northern, Central, Eastern, Western, Southern) + NEC for NE · advisory · STATUTORY | Playbook |
Prime Minister's Office (PMO) | Executive structure (not Constitutional) | Coordinates PM's work · headed by Principal Secretary · NEITHER Constitutional NOR Statutory · executive creation | Playbook |
Vice President | Article 63–73 | Ex officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha · elected by electoral college of both Houses MPs (NOT MLAs unlike President) · STV by proportional representation · 5-yr term | Playbook |
Parts ↔ Schedules ↔ Content
11 structural entries. Features+Parts+Schedules subtopic is 4 q · 25% HARD (densest %HARD in IC chapter). Memorise the structural map cold — common HARD distractors swap Part-numbers and confuse Anti-Defection Schedule with Scheduled Areas Part.
| Part / Schedule | Content | Notes + amendment | |
|---|---|---|---|
Part III | Fundamental Rights (Articles 12–35) | 6 categories: equality / freedom / against exploitation / religion / cultural+educational / constitutional remedies · justiciable | Playbook |
Part IV | Directive Principles of State Policy (Articles 36–51) | Non-justiciable · socialistic / Gandhian / liberal-intellectual classification · novel feature of Indian Constitution (per Granville Austin) | Playbook |
Part IV-A | Fundamental Duties (Article 51A) | Added by 42nd Amendment 1976 (Swaran Singh Committee) · 10 duties originally · 11th duty 51A(k) parents' responsibility added by 86th 2002 | Playbook |
Part IX | The Panchayats (Articles 243–243O) | Added by 73rd Amendment 1992 · 3-tier system (Village / Block / District) · 11th Schedule lists 29 subjects | Playbook |
Part IX-A | The Municipalities (Articles 243P–243ZG) | Added by 74th Amendment 1992 · Nagar Panchayat / Municipal Council / Municipal Corporation tiers · 12th Schedule 18 subjects | Playbook |
Part IX-B | The Cooperative Societies (Articles 243ZH–243ZT) | Added by 97th Amendment 2011 · constitutional status to cooperatives · 'cooperatives' added to Article 19(1)(c) at same time | Playbook |
Part XI Note:Centre-State Relations = Part XI (NOT Part X — common distractor; Part X is Scheduled and Tribal Areas). | Relations between the Union and the States (Articles 245–263) | Legislative + administrative + financial relations · 7th Schedule lists (Union/State/Concurrent) belong to this Part's scope | Playbook |
Part XII | Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits (Articles 264–300A) | Includes Article 280 Finance Commission · Article 300A Right to Property (added by 44th 1978) · Article 279A GST Council (added by 101st 2017) | Playbook |
Part XVIII | Emergency Provisions (Articles 352–360) | 352 National Emergency · 356 President's Rule · 360 Financial Emergency · 357 Parliament's power to legislate for State under PR | Playbook |
7th Schedule | Three Lists (Union / State / Concurrent) | Union List ~98 items (defence, foreign affairs, currency) · State List ~59 items (police, public health, agriculture) · Concurrent ~52 items (criminal law, civil procedure, education) | Playbook |
9th Schedule | Acts immune from judicial review (at the time of addition) | Added by 1st Amendment 1951 for land reforms · post-Kesavananda 1973 → I.R. Coelho 2007: items added after April 24 1973 ARE subject to judicial review for basic structure violation | Playbook |
10th Schedule Note:10th SCHEDULE is Anti-Defection (1985). NOT Part X (Scheduled Areas). Distractor swaps Schedule with Part. | Anti-Defection Law | Added by 52nd Amendment 1985 · disqualification grounds for legislators changing parties (defection without 1/3 split — raised to 2/3 by 91st 2003) | Playbook |
5th Schedule Note:5th Schedule does NOT apply to NE states — they have SIXTH Schedule. The 2019 HARD PYQ tests applicability scope. | Administration of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes | Applies to Chhattisgarh / Jharkhand / Odisha / MP / AP / Telangana / Gujarat / Rajasthan / Maharashtra / Himachal Pradesh · NOT to NE states (which have 6th Schedule) | Playbook |
6th Schedule | NE tribal areas administration | Applies to Assam + Meghalaya + Tripura + Mizoram · Autonomous District Councils + Regional Councils · separate constitutional regime from 5th Schedule | Playbook |
11th Schedule | 29 PRI subjects | Added by 73rd Amendment 1992 · agriculture / land improvement / minor irrigation / poverty alleviation / education / health / etc. — state MAY devolve via Article 243G enabling legislation | Playbook |
12th Schedule | 18 Municipality subjects | Added by 74th Amendment 1992 · urban planning / water supply / fire services / urban poverty / public health / etc. | Playbook |
Why plain-text tables (no Constitution-tree visual)
NDA Polity recall is almost entirely text-pair memorisation — Article ↔ subject; Amendment ↔ year ↔ theme; body ↔ function ↔ Article; Part ↔ Schedule ↔ content. The structural relationships (which Schedules sit under which Parts, what amendments inserted which provisions) are best learned from your NCERT textbook alongside this page; the named-fact pairings live in tables.