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Integral of tan^4 x or cot^4 x using tan^2 x = sec^2 x - 1

This type of question, asked 2 times: 19 Apr 2025 S2, 16 Apr 2026 S1. All 2 questions below, oldest first.

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  1. Question 1

    19 Apr 2025 S2

    141
    If ∫ tan⁡4x dx=atan⁡3x+btanx+cx+k\int_{}^{}\ \tan^{4}x\text{ }dx= a\tan^{3}x+ btanx+ cx+ k (where k is the constant of integration) then the value of a−b+c=a - b + c =

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  2. Question 2

    16 Apr 2026 S1

    77
    ∫cot⁡4x dx\displaystyle\int\cot^4 x\,dx is equal to

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