Arrangements of a word with repeated letters so that two given letters are not together

This type of question, asked 2 times: May 2021 S1, 11 May 2023 S2. All 2 questions below, oldest first.

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Question 1
May 2021 S1
124 $The number of ways of arranging letters of the word 'HAVANA', so that V and N do not appear together, is$
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Question 2
11 May 2023 S2
101 $The number of arrangements, of the letters of the word MANAMA in which two M's do not appear adjacent, is$
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