Indirect to direct: inverted third conditional ('had ... , would have ...') kept as is

1. A.
   He said, "If market liquidity vanishes entirely, the exchange suspends trading."
2. B.
   He said, "Had market liquidity vanished entirely, the exchange would have suspended trading."
3. C.
   He said, "The exchange will suspend trading if market liquidity had vanished entirely."
4. D.
   He said, "If the exchange suspended trading, it was because market liquidity vanished entirely."

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1. A.
   He speculated, "Had stochastic volatility been incorporated, the valuation would perhaps have been more conservative."
2. B.
   He speculated, "If stochastic volatility is incorporated, valuation will perhaps be conservative."
3. C.
   He speculated, "If volatility had been incorporated, valuation perhaps more conservative."
4. D.
   He said, "Stochastic volatility incorporation would make valuation conservative."

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1. A.
   “If I knew earlier, I would have made the necessary arrangements,” said the professor.
2. B.
   “Had I known earlier, I would have made the necessary arrangements,” said the professor.
3. C.
   “If I would have known earlier, I would make arrangements,” the professor said.
4. D.
   “Had I knew earlier, I would arrange things,” said the professor.

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1. A.
   He said, "The violin concerto would have remained fragmentary had the late maestro not bequeathed his annotated sketches."
2. B.
   He said, "The violin concerto would have remained fragmentary if the late maestro not bequeathed his annotated sketches."
3. C.
   He said, "The violin concerto will be remaining fragmentary had the late maestro not bequeathed his annotated sketches."
4. D.
   He said, "The violin concerto would be fragmentary if sketches had not been bequeathed."

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1. A.
   "If the evidence had not tampered with, the verdict could change," said the lawyer.
2. B.
   "If the evidence were not tampered with, the verdict could have changed," the lawyer said.
3. C.
   "Had the evidence not been tampered with, the verdict could have been different," said the lawyer.
4. D.
   "Had not the evidence tampered, the verdict may differ," said he.

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1. A.
   He said, "The sculpture would have commanded greater gravitas had the pedestal been proportionally austere."
2. B.
   He said, "If the pedestal is proportionally austere, the sculpture commands greater gravitas."
3. C.
   He said, "The sculpture will command greater gravitas if the pedestal had been austere."
4. D.
   He said, "Had the pedestal been austere, the sculpture must have commanded greater gravitas."

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1. A.
   “If the policies were amended earlier, the crisis could have been avoided,” said the analyst.
2. B.
   “Had the policies been amended earlier, the crisis could have been avoided,” said the analyst.
3. C.
   “If only the policies would be amended, the crisis was avoided,” he said.
4. D.
   “Had we amended the policies, we avoided the crisis,” the analyst said.

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1. A.
   She said, "If the author maintains a single focalisation, the narrative will achieve greater cohesion."
2. B.
   She said, "The narrative would have achieved greater cohesion had the author maintained a single focalisation."
3. C.
   She said, "The narrative will achieve greater cohesion if a single focalisation was maintained by the author."
4. D.
   She said, "Had the author maintained a single focalisation, the narrative must achieve greater cohesion."

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1. A.
   She said, "If the literary trope was not overused, the metaphor may still resonate with the audience."
2. B.
   She said, "Had the literary trope not been overused, the metaphor might still have resonated with the audience."
3. C.
   She said, "Had the literary trope not been overused, the metaphor must still resonate with the audience."
4. D.
   She said, "If the literary trope had not been overused, the metaphor will still resonate with the audience."

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