CBSE Class 12 Biology 2024 question paper (57/5)

Maximum marks 70 · Time 3 hours · 3 sets

Try each question first, then open its model answer. Where the paper offers a choice, both questions are shown with OR between them.

Section A

1 mark each

Q.11 mark $A single gene that controls the expression of more than one trait is said to show$
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Q.21 mark $^{\text{st}}$
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Q.31 mark $Observe the schematic representation of assisted reproductive technology given below : Identify the most appropriate technique depicted in the above diagram.$
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Q.41 mark $Interferons are proteins secreted by$
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Q.51 mark $During biological treatment of sewage, the masses of bacteria held together by fungal filaments to form mesh like structures are called$
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Q.61 mark $Which one of the following statements is correct in the context of observing DNA separation by agarose gel electrophoresis ?$
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Q.71 mark $A phenomenon where a male insect mistakenly identified the patterns of a orchid flower as the female insect partner, and tries to copulate and thereby pollinates the flower is said to be :$
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Q.81 mark $Identify the correct labellings in the figure of a fertilised embryo sac of an angiosperm given below :$
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Q.91 mark $Study the pedigree chart of a family showing the inheritance pattern of a certain disorder. Select the option that correctly identifies the nature of the trait depicted in the pedigree chart.$
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Q.101 mark $\beta$
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Q.111 mark $If both the parents are carriers for thalassaemia, the chances of an afflicted child to be born to them is :$
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Q.121 mark $If the sequence of nitrogen bases of the coding strand in a transcription unit is 5' - ATGAATG - 3', the sequence of bases in its RNA transcript would be$
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Question number 13 to 16 consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below :
Q.131 mark $Assertion (A) : AIDS is a syndrome caused by HIV. Reason (R) : HIV is a virus that damages the immune system with DNA as its genetic material.$
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Q.141 mark $Assertion (A) : In molecular diagnosis, single stranded DNA or RNA tagged with radioactive molecule is called a probe. Reason (R) : A probe always searches and hybridises with its complementary DNA in a clone of cells.$
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Q.151 mark $Assertion (A) : In birds the sex of the offspring is determined by males. Reason (R) : Males are homogametic while females are heterogametic.$
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Q.161 mark $Assertion (A) : Communities that comprise of more species tend to be more stable. Reason (R) : A higher number of species results in less year to year variation in total biomass.$
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A Gene	B Products
a. 'i' gene	(i) $\beta$ -galactosidase
b. 'z' gene	(ii) lac permease
c. 'a' gene	(iii) repressor
d. 'y' gene	(iv) transacetylase

Section B

2 marks each

Q.17 (a)2 marks $"Farmers prefer apomictic seeds to hybrid seeds." Justify giving two reasons.$
OR
Q.17 (b)2 marks $Mention one advantage and one disadvantage of amniocentesis.$
Q.182 marks $\downarrow$
Q.192 marks $Observe the population growth curve and answer the questions given below : (a) State the conditions under which growth curve 'A' and growth curve 'B' plotted in the graph are possible. (b) Mention what does 'K' in the graph represent.$
Q.202 marks $Explain how are plants benefitted by their association with "Glomus species".$
Q.212 marks $If the base adenine constitutes 31% of an isolated DNA fragment, then write what will be the expected percentage of the base cytosine in it. Explain how did you arrive at the answer given.$

Section C

3 marks each

Q.223 marks $Identify a, b, c, d, e and f in the table given below : Sl. No. Organism Bioactive Molecule Use 1. Monascus purpureus a b 2. c d Antibiotic 3. e Cyclosporin A f$
Q.23 (a)3 marks $Tropical regions harbour more species than the temperate regions. How have biologists tried to explain this in their own ways ? Explain.$
OR
Q.23 (b)3 marks $(i) What does an ecological pyramid represent ? (ii) The Ecological pyramids may have an 'upright' or an 'inverted' shape. Justify with the help of suitable examples.$
Q.243 marks $(a) What are transgenic animals ? (b) Name the transgenic animal having the largest number amongst all the existing transgenic animals. (c) State any 3 reasons for which these types of animals are being produced.$
Q.253 marks $If the cells in the leaves of a maize plant contain 10 chromosomes each, write the number of chromosomes in its endosperm and zygote. Name and explain the process by which an endosperm and a zygote are formed in maize.$
Q.263 marks $(a) Why does DNA replication occur within a replication fork and not in its entire length simultaneously ? (b) "DNA replication is continuous and discontinuous on the two strands within the replication fork." Explain with the help of a schematic representation.$
Q.273 marks $Explain the processing of heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) into a fully functional mRNA in eukaryotes. Where does this processing occur in the cell ?$
Q.283 marks $The world is facing accelerated rates of species extinction largely due to human activities. Explain any three human activities responsible for accelerated rates of species extinction.$

Sl. No.	Organism	Bioactive Molecule	Use
1.	Monascus purpureus	a	b
2.	c	d	Antibiotic
3.	e	Cyclosporin A	f

Section D

In a human female, the reproductive phase starts on the onset of puberty and ceases around middle age of the female. Study the graph given below regarding menstrual cycle and answer the questions that follow :
Q.29 (a)1 mark $Name the hormones and their source organ, which are responsible for menstrual cycle at puberty.$
Q.29 (b)1 mark $For successful pregnancy, at what phase of the menstrual cycle an early embryo (upto 3 blastomeres) should be Implanted in the Uterus (IUT) of a human female who has opted for Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) ? Support your answer with a reason.$
Q.29 (c)2 marks $Name the hormone and its source organ responsible for the events occurring during proliferative phase of menstrual cycle. Explain the event.$
OR
Q.29 (c) OR2 marks $In a normal human female, why does menstruation only occurs if the released ovum is not fertilised ? Explain.$
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow : "Mosquitoes are drastically affecting the human health in almost all the developing tropical countries. Different species of mosquitoes cause very fatal diseases so much so that many humans loose their life and if they survive, are unable to put in productive hours to sustain their life. With the result the health index of the country goes down."
Q.30 (a)1 mark $Name the form in which Plasmodium gains entry into (i) human body (ii) the female Anopheles body.$
Q.30 (b)2 marks $Why do the symptoms of malaria not appear in a person immediately after being bitten by an infected female Anopheles ? Give one reason. Explain when and how do the symptoms of the disease would appear.$
OR
Q.30 (b) OR2 marks $Explain the events which occur within a female Anopheles mosquito after it has sucked blood from a malaria patient.$
Q.30 (c)1 mark $Name a species of mosquito other than female Anopheles and the disease, for which it carries the pathogen.$

Section E

5 marks each

Q.31 (a)5 marks $(i) Draw a schematic diagram of the cloning vector pBR 322 and label (1) Bam HI site (2) gene for ampicillin resistance (3) 'ori' (4) 'rop' gene. (ii) State the role of 'rop' gene. (iii) A cloning vector does not have a selectable marker. How will it affect the process of cloning ? (iv) Why is insertional inactivation preferred over the use of selectable markers in cloning vectors ?$
OR
Q.31 (b)5 marks $(i) Name the nematode (scientific name) that infects the roots of tobacco plant and reduces its yield. (ii) Name the vector that is used to introduce nematode-specific genes into the host plant (tobacco). (iii) How do sense and anti-sense RNAs function ? (iv) Why could parasite not survive in a transgenic tobacco plant ?$
Q.32 (a)5 marks $(i) Draw a diagram of a human sperm. Label any four parts and write their functions. (ii) In a human female, probability of an ovum to get fertilized by more than one sperm is impossible. Give reason.$
OR
Q.32 (b)5 marks $(i) With the help of labelled diagram only, show the different stages of embryo development in a dicot plant. (ii) Endosperm development precedes embryo development. Justify.$
Q.33 (a)5 marks $Natural selection operates in different ways in nature. (i) Identify the type of natural selection depicted in the graph above. (ii) In England after industrialisation, the population of dark winged moths were more favoured than white winged moth. Explain. (iii) Anthropogenic action can enhance the rate of evolution. Explain with the help of an example.$
OR
Q.33 (b)5 marks $^{35}\text{S}$

Section A

1 mark each

Q.11 mark $If the sequence of nitrogen bases of the coding strand in a transcription unit is 5' - ATGAATG - 3', the sequence of bases in its RNA transcript would be$
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Q.21 mark $How many base pairs will be there in 20 nucleosomes in a DNA double helix ?$
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Q.31 mark $^{\text{st}}$
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Q.41 mark $Single step large mutation leading to speciation is also called$
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Q.51 mark $Observe the schematic representation of assisted reproductive technology given below : Identify the most appropriate technique depicted in the above diagram.$
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Q.61 mark $\beta$
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Q.71 mark $Which one of the following enzymes a fungal cell should be treated with to get the DNA along with other macro molecules released from it ?$
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Q.81 mark $During biological treatment of sewage, the masses of bacteria held together by fungal filaments to form mesh like structures are called$
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Q.91 mark $Which one of the following is not a characteristic feature of "humus" that is formed during decomposition of detritus ?$
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Q.101 mark $Interferons are proteins secreted by$
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Q.111 mark $Identify the correct labellings in the figure of a fertilised embryo sac of an angiosperm given below :$
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Q.121 mark $Study the pedigree chart of a family showing the inheritance pattern of a certain disorder. Select the option that correctly identifies the nature of the trait depicted in the pedigree chart.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Question number 13 to 16 consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below :
Q.131 mark $Assertion (A) : Communities that comprise of more species tend to be more stable. Reason (R) : A higher number of species results in less year to year variation in total biomass.$
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Q.141 mark $Assertion (A) : The sugar-phosphate backbone of two chains in DNA double helix show anti-parallel polarity. Reason (R) : The phosphor-diester bonds in one strand go from a 3' carbon of one nucleotide to a 5' carbon of adjacent nucleotide, whereas those in complementary strand go vice versa.$
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Q.151 mark $Assertion (A) : In molecular diagnosis, single stranded DNA or RNA tagged with radioactive molecule is called a probe. Reason (R) : A probe always searches and hybridises with its complementary DNA in a clone of cells.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Q.161 mark $Assertion (A) : AIDS is a syndrome caused by HIV. Reason (R) : HIV is a virus that damages the immune system with DNA as its genetic material.$
Tap an option to check your answer.

A Gene	B Products
a. 'i' gene	(i) $\beta$ -galactosidase
b. 'z' gene	(ii) lac permease
c. 'a' gene	(iii) repressor
d. 'y' gene	(iv) transacetylase

Section B

2 marks each

Q.172 marks $Answer the questions based on the typical biogas plant diagram given below : (a) Identify 'X', 'Y' and 'Z'. (b) Why is dung preferred for the production of biogas ?$
Q.182 marks $If the base adenine constitutes 31% of an isolated DNA fragment, then write what will be the expected percentage of the base cytosine in it. Explain how did you arrive at the answer given.$
Q.19 (a)2 marks $"Farmers prefer apomictic seeds to hybrid seeds." Justify giving two reasons.$
OR
Q.19 (b)2 marks $Mention one advantage and one disadvantage of amniocentesis.$
Q.202 marks $Observe the population growth curve and answer the questions given below : (a) State the conditions under which growth curve 'A' and growth curve 'B' plotted in the graph are possible. (b) Mention what does 'K' in the graph represent.$
Q.212 marks $\downarrow$

Section C

3 marks each

Q.223 marks $(a) How is the grazing food chain different from the detritus food chain ? (b) "The detritus food chain may be connected to the grazing food chain at some levels in an ecosystem." Give an example in support of the statement.$
Q.233 marks $If the cells in the leaves of a maize plant contain 10 chromosomes each, write the number of chromosomes in its endosperm and zygote. Name and explain the process by which an endosperm and a zygote are formed in maize.$
Q.243 marks $(a) Why must a cell be made 'competent' in biotechnology experiments ? How does calcium ion help in doing so ? (b) State the role of "biolistic gun" in biotechnology experiments.$
Q.253 marks $(a) Why does DNA replication occur within a replication fork and not in its entire length simultaneously ? (b) "DNA replication is continuous and discontinuous on the two strands within the replication fork." Explain with the help of a schematic representation.$
Q.263 marks $Expression of different genes for different traits may show dominance, incomplete dominance or co-dominance. Write about expression of such genes with the help of one example each.$
Q.27 (a)3 marks $Tropical regions harbour more species than the temperate regions. How have biologists tried to explain this in their own ways ? Explain.$
OR
Q.27 (b)3 marks $(i) What does an ecological pyramid represent ? (ii) The Ecological pyramids may have an 'upright' or an 'inverted' shape. Justify with the help of suitable examples.$
Q.283 marks $Identify a, b, c, d, e and f in the table given below : Sl. No. Organism Bioactive Molecule Use 1. Monascus purpureus a b 2. c d Antibiotic 3. e Cyclosporin A f$

Sl. No.	Organism	Bioactive Molecule	Use
1.	Monascus purpureus	a	b
2.	c	d	Antibiotic
3.	e	Cyclosporin A	f

Section D

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow : "Mosquitoes are drastically affecting the human health in almost all the developing tropical countries. Different species of mosquitoes cause very fatal diseases so much so that many humans loose their life and if they survive, are unable to put in productive hours to sustain their life. With the result the health index of the country goes down."
Q.29 (a)1 mark $Name the form in which Plasmodium gains entry into (1) human body (2) the female Anopheles body.$
Q.29 (b)2 marks $Why do the symptoms of malaria not appear in a person immediately after being bitten by an infected female Anopheles ? Give one reason. Explain when and how do the symptoms of the disease would appear.$
OR
Q.29 (b) OR2 marks $Explain the events which occur within a female Anopheles mosquito after it has sucked blood from a malaria patient.$
Q.29 (c)1 mark $Name a species of mosquito other than female Anopheles and the disease, for which it carries the pathogen.$
In a human female, the reproductive phase starts on the onset of puberty and ceases around middle age of the female. Study the graph given below regarding menstrual cycle and answer the questions that follow :
Q.30 (a)1 mark $Name the hormones and their source organ, which are responsible for menstrual cycle at puberty.$
Q.30 (b)1 mark $For successful pregnancy, at what phase of the menstrual cycle an early embryo (upto 3 blastomeres) should be Implanted in the Uterus (IUT) of a human female who has opted for Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) ? Support your answer with a reason.$
Q.30 (c)2 marks $Name the hormone and its source organ responsible for the events occurring during proliferative phase of menstrual cycle. Explain the event.$
OR
Q.30 (c) OR2 marks $In a normal human female, why does menstruation only occurs if the released ovum is not fertilised ? Explain.$

Section E

5 marks each

Q.31 (a)5 marks $Natural selection operates in different ways in nature. (i) Identify the type of natural selection depicted in the graph above. (ii) In England after industrialisation, the population of dark winged moths were more favoured than white winged moth. Explain. (iii) Anthropogenic action can enhance the rate of evolution. Explain with the help of an example.$
OR
Q.31 (b)5 marks $^{35}\text{S}$
Q.32 (a)5 marks $(i) Describe the events of spermatogenesis with the help of a schematic diagram. (ii) Explain the role of hormones in spermatogenesis.$
OR
Q.32 (b)5 marks $(i) Show the development of megaspore mother cell upto the formation of mature embryo sac in flowering plants with the help of labelled diagrams only. (ii) How does geitonogamy differ from xenogamy ? (iii) Name the type of flowers that are invariably autogamous.$
Q.33 (a)5 marks $(i) Draw a schematic diagram of the cloning vector pBR 322 and label (1) Bam HI site (2) gene for ampicillin resistance (3) 'ori' (4) 'rop' gene. (ii) State the role of 'rop' gene. (iii) A cloning vector does not have a selectable marker. How will it affect the process of cloning ? (iv) Why is insertional inactivation preferred over the use of selectable markers in cloning vectors ?$
OR
Q.33 (b)5 marks $(i) Name the nematode (scientific name) that infects the roots of tobacco plant and reduces its yield. (ii) Name the vector that is used to introduce nematode-specific genes into the host plant (tobacco). (iii) How do sense and anti-sense RNAs function ? (iv) Why could parasite not survive in a transgenic tobacco plant ?$

Section A

1 mark each

Q.11 mark $^{\text{st}}$
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Q.21 mark $Which one of the following chromosomal event will not result in genetic variation amongst the offsprings ?$
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Q.31 mark $Identify the correct labellings in the figure of a fertilised embryo sac of an angiosperm given below :$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Q.41 mark $Study the pedigree chart of a family showing the inheritance pattern of a certain disorder. Select the option that correctly identifies the nature of the trait depicted in the pedigree chart.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Q.51 mark $Which one of the following statements is correct in the context of observing DNA separation by agarose gel electrophoresis ?$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Q.61 mark $A phenomenon where a male insect mistakenly identified the patterns of a orchid flower as the female insect partner, and tries to copulate and thereby pollinates the flower is said to be :$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Q.71 mark $Observe the schematic representation of assisted reproductive technology given below : Identify the most appropriate technique depicted in the above diagram.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Q.81 mark $The source of 'Smack' is :$
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Q.91 mark $The first antibiotic was discovered accidentally by A while working on B. 'A' and 'B' are$
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Q.101 mark $If the sequence of nitrogen bases of the coding strand in a transcription unit is 5' - ATGAATG - 3', the sequence of bases in its RNA transcript would be$
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Q.111 mark $\beta$
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Q.121 mark $The human chromosome with the highest and least number of genes in them are respectively :$
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Question number 13 to 16 consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below :
Q.131 mark $Assertion (A) : In birds the sex of the offspring is determined by males. Reason (R) : Males are homogametic while females are heterogametic.$
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Q.141 mark $Assertion (A) : "Biodiversity hotspots" are the regions which possess high levels of species richness, high degree of endemism. Reason (R) : Total number of biodiversity hotspots in the world is 22 with two of these hotspots found in India.$
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Q.151 mark $Assertion (A) : AIDS is a syndrome caused by HIV. Reason (R) : HIV is a virus that damages the immune system with DNA as its genetic material.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Q.161 mark $Assertion (A) : In molecular diagnosis, single stranded DNA or RNA tagged with radioactive molecule is called a probe. Reason (R) : A probe always searches and hybridises with its complementary DNA in a clone of cells.$
Tap an option to check your answer.

A Gene	B Products
a. 'i' gene	(i) $\beta$ -galactosidase
b. 'z' gene	(ii) lac permease
c. 'a' gene	(iii) repressor
d. 'y' gene	(iv) transacetylase

Section B

2 marks each

Q.172 marks $If the base adenine constitutes 31% of an isolated DNA fragment, then write what will be the expected percentage of the base cytosine in it. Explain how did you arrive at the answer given.$
Q.182 marks $Observe the population growth curve and answer the questions given below : (a) State the conditions under which growth curve 'A' and growth curve 'B' plotted in the graph are possible. (b) Mention what does 'K' in the graph represent.$
Q.192 marks $\downarrow$
Q.202 marks $List the events that reduce the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of a primary effluent during sewage treatment.$
Q.21 (a)2 marks $"Farmers prefer apomictic seeds to hybrid seeds." Justify giving two reasons.$
OR
Q.21 (b)2 marks $Mention one advantage and one disadvantage of amniocentesis.$

Section C

3 marks each

Q.223 marks $Explain the processing of heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) into a fully functional mRNA in eukaryotes. Where does this processing occur in the cell ?$
Q.233 marks $(a) "Mother's milk is considered very essential for the new born infant." Justify. (b) What is a 'vaccine' ? Explain the principle on which it works.$
Q.24 (a)3 marks $Tropical regions harbour more species than the temperate regions. How have biologists tried to explain this in their own ways ? Explain.$
OR
Q.24 (b)3 marks $(i) What does an ecological pyramid represent ? (ii) The Ecological pyramids may have an 'upright' or an 'inverted' shape. Justify with the help of suitable examples.$
Q.253 marks $State why plant breeders are interested in artificial hybridisation programme. How do they carry out this process ?$
Q.263 marks $(a) What are transgenic animals ? (b) Name the transgenic animal having the largest number amongst all the existing transgenic animals. (c) State any 3 reasons for which these types of animals are being produced.$
Q.273 marks $(a) Construct a pyramid of biomass in sea with phytoplankton and fishes. Explain giving reasons about the characteristic of the constructed pyramid. (b) In which condition will the pyramid remain always upright ?$
Q.283 marks $(a) Why does DNA replication occur within a replication fork and not in its entire length simultaneously ? (b) "DNA replication is continuous and discontinuous on the two strands within the replication fork." Explain with the help of a schematic representation.$

Section D

In a human female, the reproductive phase starts on the onset of puberty and ceases around middle age of the female. Study the graph given below regarding menstrual cycle and answer the questions that follow :
Q.29 (a)1 mark $Name the hormones and their source organ, which are responsible for menstrual cycle at puberty.$
Q.29 (b)1 mark $For successful pregnancy, at what phase of the menstrual cycle an early embryo (upto 3 blastomeres) should be Implanted in the Uterus (IUT) of a human female who has opted for Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) ? Support your answer with a reason.$
Q.29 (c)2 marks $Name the hormone and its source organ responsible for the events occurring during proliferative phase of menstrual cycle. Explain the event.$
OR
Q.29 (c) OR2 marks $In a normal human female, why does menstruation only occurs if the released ovum is not fertilised ? Explain.$
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow : "Mosquitoes are drastically affecting the human health in almost all the developing tropical countries. Different species of mosquitoes cause very fatal diseases so much so that many humans loose their life and if they survive, are unable to put in productive hours to sustain their life. With the result the health index of the country goes down."
Q.30 (a)1 mark $Name the form in which Plasmodium gains entry into (i) human body (ii) the female Anopheles body.$
Q.30 (b)2 marks $Why do the symptoms of malaria not appear in a person immediately after being bitten by an infected female Anopheles ? Give one reason. Explain when and how do the symptoms of the disease would appear.$
OR
Q.30 (b) OR2 marks $Explain the events which occur within a female Anopheles mosquito after it has sucked blood from a malaria patient.$
Q.30 (c)1 mark $Name a species of mosquito other than female Anopheles and the disease, for which it carries the pathogen.$

Section E

5 marks each

Q.31 (a)5 marks $(i) Draw a diagram of a human sperm. Label any four parts and write their functions. (ii) In a human female, probability of an ovum to get fertilized by more than one sperm is impossible. Give reason.$
OR
Q.31 (b)5 marks $(i) With the help of labelled diagram only, show the different stages of embryo development in a dicot plant. (ii) Endosperm development precedes embryo development. Justify.$
Q.32 (a)5 marks $(i) Draw a schematic diagram of the cloning vector pBR 322 and label (1) Bam HI site (2) gene for ampicillin resistance (3) 'ori' (4) 'rop' gene. (ii) State the role of 'rop' gene. (iii) A cloning vector does not have a selectable marker. How will it affect the process of cloning ? (iv) Why is insertional inactivation preferred over the use of selectable markers in cloning vectors ?$
OR
Q.32 (b)5 marks $(i) Name the nematode (scientific name) that infects the roots of tobacco plant and reduces its yield. (ii) Name the vector that is used to introduce nematode-specific genes into the host plant (tobacco). (iii) How do sense and anti-sense RNAs function ? (iv) Why could parasite not survive in a transgenic tobacco plant ?$
Q.33 (a)5 marks $\text{F}_2$
OR
Q.33 (b)5 marks $Explain the process of transcription in prokaryotes. How is it different from transcription in eukaryotes ?$