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CBSE Class 12 Chemistry 2025 question paper (56/7)

Maximum marks 70 · Time 3 hours · 3 sets

Try each question first, then open its model answer. Where the paper offers a choice, both questions are shown with OR between them.

Section A

1 mark each

  1. Q.11 mark
    Which of the following transition metal ion is not coloured ?

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  2. Q.21 mark
    Which of the following solutions will have the highest boiling point in water ?

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  3. Q.31 mark
    During electrolysis of dilute H2SO4\mathrm{H_2SO_4}, using platinum electrodes, the gas evolved at the anode is :

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  4. Q.41 mark
    The activation energy (Ea)(\mathrm{E_a}) of a reaction can be determined from the slope of which of the following plots ?

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  5. Q.51 mark
    Which of the following represents the fraction of molecules with energies equal to or greater than Ea\mathrm{E_a} ?

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  6. Q.61 mark
    The number of moles of AgCl\mathrm{AgCl} precipitated when excess AgNO3\mathrm{AgNO_3} solution is mixed with one mole of [Co(NH3)3Cl3]\mathrm{[Co(NH_3)_3Cl_3]} is :

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  7. Q.71 mark
    Which of the following haloalkanes react with aqueous KOH most rapidly by SN1\mathrm{S_N1} reaction ?

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  8. Q.81 mark
    The reaction R−OH+Na⟶RO−Na++12H2 (g)\mathrm{R-OH} + \mathrm{Na} \longrightarrow \mathrm{RO^{-}Na^{+}} + \frac{1}{2}\mathrm{H_2\,(g)} suggests that alcohols are :

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  9. Q.91 mark
    At low temperature, phenol reacts with Br2\mathrm{Br_2} in CS2\mathrm{CS_2} to form :

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  10. Q.101 mark
    When alkyl iodide is treated with large excess of ammonia, the major product obtained is :

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  11. Q.111 mark
    An amine ‘X’ reacts with Hinsberg reagent and the product obtained is soluble in alkali. The amine ‘X’ is :

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  12. Q.121 mark
    α\alpha-helix structure refers to :

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  13. For Questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
    Q.131 mark
    Assertion (A) : A mixture of oo-nitrophenol and pp-nitrophenol can be separated by steam distillation. Reason (R) : oo-nitrophenol is steam volatile due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

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  14. Q.141 mark
    Assertion (A) : Cooking time is reduced in pressure cooker. Reason (R) : Boiling point of water inside the pressure cooker is elevated.

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  15. Q.151 mark
    Assertion (A) : Actinoids show irregularities in their electronic configurations. Reason (R) : Actinoids are radioactive in nature.

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  16. Q.161 mark
    Assertion (A) : Vitamin K can be stored in our body. Reason (R) : Vitamin K is a water soluble vitamin.

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Section B

2 marks each

  1. Q.172 marks
    What is meant by positive deviation from Raoult’s law ? Give an example. What type of azeotrope is formed by positive deviation ?
  2. Q.182 marks
    State a condition under which a bimolecular reaction is kinetically first order reaction. Give an example. For which type of reactions, do order and molecularity have the same value ?
  3. Q.19 (a)2 marks
    Write the IUPAC name of the complex [Pt(en)2Cl2]2+\mathrm{[Pt(en)_2Cl_2]^{2+}}. Draw the structure of geometrical isomer of this complex which is optically inactive.
  4. OR

    Q.19 (b)2 marks
    (i) Write the formula of the following coordination compound : Pentaamminecarbonatocobalt(III)chloride (ii) Write the IUPAC name of the linkage isomer of the complex [Co(NH3)5(NO2)]Cl2\mathrm{[Co(NH_3)_5(NO_2)]Cl_2}.
  5. Q.202 marks
    Why are haloarenes less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction ? How does the presence of nitro (−NO2)(-\mathrm{NO_2}) group at ortho- and para-positions in haloarenes increase the reactivity towards nucleophilic substitution reaction ?
  6. Q.212 marks
    The two strands in DNA are not identical but complementary. Explain. What products would be formed when DNA is hydrolysed ?

Section C

3 marks each

  1. Q.223 marks
    0⋅30{\cdot}3 g of acetic acid (Molar mass = 60 g mol−1\mathrm{mol^{-1}}) dissolved in 30 g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point equal to 0⋅450{\cdot}45°C. Calculate the percentage association of acid if it forms a dimer in the solution. (Given : Kf\mathrm{K_f} for benzene = 5⋅125{\cdot}12 K kg mol−1\mathrm{mol^{-1}})
  2. Q.23 (a)3 marks
    Write the name of the cell which is generally used in inverters. Write the reactions taking place at anode and cathode of this cell, when it is in use.
  3. OR

    Q.23 (b)3 marks
    Explain why electrolysis of an aqueous solution of NaCl gives H2\mathrm{H_2} gas at cathode and Cl2\mathrm{Cl_2} gas at anode ? Write overall reaction. (Given : ENa+/Na∘=−2⋅71\mathrm{E^{\circ}_{Na^{+}/Na}} = -2{\cdot}71 V, EH2O/H2∘=−0⋅83\mathrm{E^{\circ}_{H_2O/H_2}} = -0{\cdot}83 V, ECl2/2Cl−∘=+1⋅36\mathrm{E^{\circ}_{Cl_2/2Cl^{-}}} = +1{\cdot}36 V, EH+/O2/H2O∘=+1⋅23\mathrm{E^{\circ}_{H^{+}/O_2/H_2O}} = +1{\cdot}23 V)
  4. Q.243 marks
    The following data were obtained during the first order thermal decomposition of N2O5 (g)\mathrm{N_2O_5\,(g)} at constant volume : 2N2O5 (g)⟶2N2O4 (g)+O2 (g)\mathrm{2N_2O_5\,(g)} \longrightarrow \mathrm{2N_2O_4\,(g)} + \mathrm{O_2\,(g)}
    S.No.Time/sTotal Pressure/atm
    100⋅50{\cdot}5
    21000⋅6250{\cdot}625
    Calculate rate constant. [ Given : log 2 = 0⋅30100{\cdot}3010, log 10 = 1 ]
  5. Q.253 marks
    A compound (A) with molecular formula C4H9I\mathrm{C_4H_9I} which is a primary alkyl halide, reacts with alcoholic KOH to give compound (B). Compound (B) reacts with HI to give (C) which is an isomer of (A). When (A) reacts with Na metal in the presence of dry ether, it gives a compound (D), C8H18\mathrm{C_8H_{18}}, which is different from the compound formed when n-butyl iodide reacts with sodium. Write the structures of (A), (B), (C) and (D). Write the chemical equation when compound (A) is reacted with alcoholic KOH.
  6. Q.263 marks
    Write structure of the products of the following reactions : (a) C6H5−OCH3+HI⟶\mathrm{C_6H_5-OCH_3} + \mathrm{HI} \longrightarrow (b) C6H5−OH+conc. HNO3⟶\mathrm{C_6H_5-OH} + \text{conc. } \mathrm{HNO_3} \longrightarrow (c) C6H11−MgBr+HCHO→H+/H2O\mathrm{C_6H_{11}-MgBr} + \mathrm{HCHO} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{H^{+}/H_2O}}
  7. Q.273 marks
    Give reasons for the following : (a) Benzoic acid does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction. (b) HCHO is more reactive than CH3CHO\mathrm{CH_3CHO} towards addition of HCN. (c) Vinyl group directly attached with carboxylic acid should decrease the acidity of corresponding carboxylic acid due to resonance, but on the contrary it increases the acidity.
  8. Q.283 marks
    Write the reaction of D-Glucose with the following : (a) HCN (b) Br2\mathrm{Br_2} water (c) (CH3CO)2O\mathrm{(CH_3CO)_2O}

Section D

  1. The Crystal Field Theory (CFT) of coordination compounds is based on the effect of different crystal fields (provided by the ligands taken as point charges) on the degeneracy of d-orbital energies of the central metal atom/ion. The splitting of the d-orbitals provides different electronic arrangements in strong and weak crystal fields. In tetrahedral coordination entity formation, the d-orbital splitting is smaller as compared to the octahedral entity.
    Q.29 (a)2 marks
    On the basis of CFT, explain why [Ti(H2O)6]Cl3\mathrm{[Ti(H_2O)_6]Cl_3} complex is coloured ? What happens on heating the complex [Ti(H2O)6]Cl3\mathrm{[Ti(H_2O)_6]Cl_3} ? Give reason. [Atomic no. : Ti = 22]
  2. Q.29 (b) (i)1 mark
    What is crystal field splitting energy ?
  3. OR

    Q.29 (b) (ii)1 mark
    On the basis of Δo\Delta_o and P (pairing energy), how can you differentiate between a strong field ligand and a weak field ligand ?
  4. Q.29 (c)1 mark
    Why are low spin tetrahedral complexes rarely observed ?
  5. Amines are usually formed from amides, imides, halides, nitro compounds, etc. They exhibit hydrogen bonding which influences their physical properties. In alkyl amines, a combination of electron releasing, steric and H-bonding factors influence the stability of the substituted ammonium cations in protic polar solvents and thus affect the basic nature of amines. Alkyl amines are found to be stronger bases than ammonia. Amines being basic in nature, react with acids to form salts. Aryldiazonium salts, undergo replacement of the diazonium group with a variety of nucleophiles to produce aryl halides, cyanides, phenols and arenes.
    Q.30 (a)2 marks
    How can you convert the following ? (i) Ethanoic acid to methanamine (ii) Propanenitrile to 1-aminopropane
  6. Q.30 (b)1 mark
    Why is pKb\mathrm{pK_b} value of aniline more than that of methylamine ?
  7. Q.30 (c) (i)1 mark
    Arrange the following in increasing order of their basic strength in aqueous solution : CH3−NH2, (CH3)2NH, (CH3)3N\mathrm{CH_3-NH_2},\ \mathrm{(CH_3)_2NH},\ \mathrm{(CH_3)_3N}
  8. OR

    Q.30 (c) (ii)1 mark
    Give the structures of A and B in the following reaction : C6H5NO2→Fe/HClA→273 KHNO2B\mathrm{C_6H_5NO_2} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{Fe/HCl}} \mathrm{A} \xrightarrow[\mathrm{273\ K}]{\mathrm{HNO_2}} \mathrm{B}

Section E

5 marks each

  1. Q.31 (a)5 marks
    (i) Account for the following : (I) The EMn2+/Mn∘\mathrm{E^{\circ}_{Mn^{2+}/Mn}} value for manganese is highly negative, whereas EMn3+/Mn2+∘\mathrm{E^{\circ}_{Mn^{3+}/Mn^{2+}}} is highly positive. (II) Actinoids show wide range of oxidation states. (III) Transition metals have high melting points. (ii) Complete the following ionic equations : (I) 5SO32−+2MnO4−+6H+⟶\mathrm{5SO_3^{2-}} + \mathrm{2MnO_4^{-}} + \mathrm{6H^{+}} \longrightarrow (II) 2MnO4−+H2O+I−⟶\mathrm{2MnO_4^{-}} + \mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{I^{-}} \longrightarrow
  2. OR

    Q.31 (b)5 marks
    Answer the following questions : (i) Name two elements of 3d series for which the third ionisation enthalpies are quite high. (ii) Out of KMnO4\mathrm{KMnO_4} and K2MnO4\mathrm{K_2MnO_4}, which one is paramagnetic and why ? (iii) Write any one consequence of lanthanoid contraction. (iv) How do you prepare potassium manganate from pyrolusite ore ? (v) Why is the ability of oxygen more than fluorine to stabilise higher oxidation states of transition metals ?
  3. Q.32 (a)5 marks
    (i) An organic compound (X) having molecular formula C5H10O\mathrm{C_5H_{10}O} can show various properties depending on its structures. Draw each of the structures if it : (I) shows Cannizzaro reaction. (II) reduces Tollens’ reagent and has a chiral carbon. (III) gives positive iodoform test. (ii) Write the reaction involved in the following : (I) Clemmensen reduction (II) Etard reaction
  4. OR

    Q.32 (b)5 marks
    Answer the following questions : (i) Draw structure of the methyl hemiacetal of methanal. (ii) There are two −NH2-\mathrm{NH_2} groups in semicarbazide. However only one is involved in the formation of semicarbazones. Give reason. (iii) How will you convert ethanol to 3-hydroxybutanal ? (iv) Complete the following equation : C6H11−OH→CrO3\mathrm{C_6H_{11}-OH} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{CrO_3}} ? (v) Write the final product formed when phthalic acid is treated with NH3\mathrm{NH_3} followed by strong heating.
  5. Q.33 (a)5 marks
    (i) Calculate the emf of the following cell at 25°C : Zn(s)∣Zn2+ (0⋅1 M)∥H+ (0⋅01 M)∣H2(g) (1 bar), Pt(s)\mathrm{Zn(s)} \mid \mathrm{Zn^{2+}}\ (0{\cdot}1\ \mathrm{M}) \parallel \mathrm{H^{+}}\ (0{\cdot}01\ \mathrm{M}) \mid \mathrm{H_2(g)}\ (1\ \mathrm{bar}),\ \mathrm{Pt(s)} [ Given : EZn2+/Zn∘=−0⋅76\mathrm{E^{\circ}_{Zn^{2+}/Zn}} = -0{\cdot}76 V, E2H+/H2∘=0⋅00\mathrm{E^{\circ}_{2H^{+}/H_2}} = 0{\cdot}00 V, log 10 = 1 ] (ii) State Faraday’s second law of electrolysis. How much electricity is required in terms of Faraday for the reduction of 1 mol of Cr2O72−\mathrm{Cr_2O_7^{2-}} to Cr3+\mathrm{Cr^{3+}} ?
  6. OR

    Q.33 (b)5 marks
    Answer the following questions : (i) The conductivity of 0⋅200{\cdot}20 M solution of KCl is 2⋅48×10−22{\cdot}48 \times 10^{-2} S cm−1\mathrm{cm^{-1}}. Calculate its molar conductivity and degree of dissociation (α)(\alpha). [Given : λ(K+)∘=73⋅5\lambda^{\circ}_{(\mathrm{K^{+}})} = 73{\cdot}5 S cm2 mol−1\mathrm{cm^2\ mol^{-1}} λ(Cl−)∘=76⋅5\lambda^{\circ}_{(\mathrm{Cl^{-}})} = 76{\cdot}5 S cm2 mol−1\mathrm{cm^2\ mol^{-1}}] (ii) Calculate ΔrG∘\Delta_r\mathrm{G^{\circ}} of the following cell : Mg(s)+Cu2+(aq)⟶Mg2+(aq)+Cu(s)\mathrm{Mg(s)} + \mathrm{Cu^{2+}(aq)} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Mg^{2+}(aq)} + \mathrm{Cu(s)} [Given : EMg2+/Mg∘=−2⋅37\mathrm{E^{\circ}_{Mg^{2+}/Mg}} = -2{\cdot}37 V, ECu2+/Cu∘=+0⋅34\mathrm{E^{\circ}_{Cu^{2+}/Cu}} = +0{\cdot}34 V 1 F = 96500 C mol−1\mathrm{mol^{-1}}] (iii) What type of cell is mercury cell ? Why is it more advantageous than dry cell ?