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CBSE Class 12 Chemistry 2026 question paper (56/1)

Maximum marks 70 · Time 3 hours · 3 sets

Try each question first, then open its model answer. Where the paper offers a choice, both questions are shown with OR between them.

Section A

1 mark each

  1. Q.11 mark
    Which of the following curve represents the first order reaction ?

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  2. Q.21 mark
    Which of the following solutions will have the lowest freezing point in water ?

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  3. Q.31 mark
    Which of the following is not a transition metal ?

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  4. Q.41 mark
    Which of the following represents the fraction of molecules with energies equal to or greater than Ea\mathrm{E_a} ?

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  5. Q.51 mark
    What will happen during the electrolysis of aqueous solution of CuCl2\mathrm{CuCl_2} by using platinum electrodes ?

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  6. Q.61 mark
    Aspirin is obtained by acetylation of

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  7. Q.71 mark
    The secondary valency of Co in the complex [Co(NH3)5(NO2)]2+\mathrm{[Co(NH_3)_5(NO_2)]^{2+}} is

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  8. Q.81 mark
    At low temperature, phenol reacts with dil. HNO3\mathrm{HNO_3} to yield

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  9. Q.91 mark
    Which of the following is ‘not’ true about enantiomers ?

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  10. Q.101 mark
    Aniline on direct nitration yields

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  11. Q.111 mark
    Which of the following amines has lowest pKb\mathrm{pK_b} value ?

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  12. Q.121 mark
    The deficiency of which of the following vitamins causes increased fragility of red blood cells and muscular weakness :

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  13. For questions number 13 to 16, two statements are given – one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below :
    Q.131 mark
    Assertion (A) : It is not possible to separate the components of an azeotrope by fractional distillation. Reason (R) : Components of an azeotrope have the same composition in liquid and vapour phase and boil at a constant temperature.

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  14. Q.141 mark
    Assertion (A) : The presence of –OH group in phenols directs the incoming group to meta position in the ring. Reason (R) : –OH group in phenols activates the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution reaction.

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  15. Q.151 mark
    Assertion (A) : Actinoids show wide range of oxidation states. Reason (R) : Actinoids are radioactive in nature.

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  16. Q.161 mark
    Assertion (A) : The pentaacetate of glucose does not react with H2N−OH\mathrm{H_2N-OH}. Reason (R) : It indicates the presence of free – CHO group in glucose.

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Section B

2 marks each

  1. Q.172 marks
    What type of deviation from Raoult’s law is shown by a mixture of phenol and aniline ? Give reason. What will happen to the boiling point of the solution on mixing phenol and aniline ?
  2. Q.182 marks
    Why are haloarenes less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction ? Give two reasons.
  3. Q.19 (a)2 marks
    Write IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds : (i) [Ag(NH3)2][Ag(CN)2]\mathrm{[Ag(NH_3)_2][Ag(CN)_2]} (ii) K3[Fe(C2O4)3]\mathrm{K_3[Fe(C_2O_4)_3]}
  4. OR

    Q.19 (b)2 marks
    (i) Give a chemical test to show that [Co(NH3)5SO4]Cl\mathrm{[Co(NH_3)_5SO_4]Cl} and [Co(NH3)5Cl]SO4\mathrm{[Co(NH_3)_5Cl]SO_4} are ionisation isomers. (ii) What is meant by the ‘Chelate effect’ ? Give an example.
  5. Q.202 marks
    Differentiate between the following : (i) Peptide linkage and Glycosidic linkage (ii) Essential amino acids and Non-essential amino acids
  6. Q.212 marks
    Following reaction takes place in one step : 2A+B⟶2C\mathrm{2A + B \longrightarrow 2C} How will the rate of above reaction change if the volume of the reaction vessel is decreased to one third of its original volume ? Will there be any change in the order of reaction with the reduced volume ?

Section C

3 marks each

  1. Q.223 marks
    For the first order thermal decomposition reaction, following data was obtained : C2H5Cl(g)⟶C2H4(g)+HCl(g)\mathrm{C_2H_5Cl(g) \longrightarrow C_2H_4(g) + HCl(g)}
    S. No.Time(s)Total Pressure (atm)
    100.30
    2300.50
    Calculate rate constant. [Given : log 3 = 0.48]
  2. Q.23 (a)3 marks
    Answer the following : (i) Why is the Equilibrium Constant (Kc)\mathrm{(K_c)} related to Ecell∘\mathrm{E^{\circ}_{cell}} and not to Ecell\mathrm{E_{cell}} ? (ii) Two metals ‘A’ and ‘B’ have standard electrode potential values of −0.24-0.24 V and +0.80+0.80 V respectively. Which of these will liberate hydrogen gas from dil. H2SO4\mathrm{H_2SO_4} ? (iii) Write the cell reaction which occurs in lead storage battery when it is in charging.
  3. OR

    Q.23 (b)3 marks
    What type of battery is Mercury cell ? Why it is more advantageous than dry cell ? Write overall reaction taking place in Mercury cell.
  4. Q.243 marks
    Calculate the boiling point of a solution containing 0.61 g of benzoic acid (Molar mass = 122 g mol−1\mathrm{mol^{-1}}) in 5 g of CS2\mathrm{CS_2} in which it dimerises to the extent of 88%. The boiling point and Kb\mathrm{K_b} of CS2\mathrm{CS_2} are 46.2 °C and 2.3 K kg mol−1\mathrm{mol^{-1}} respectively.
  5. Q.253 marks
    Write the reactions of D-Glucose with the following : (a) HI (b) Br2\mathrm{Br_2} water (c) Conc. HNO3\mathrm{HNO_3}
  6. Q.263 marks
    Give reasons for the following : (a) Carboxylic acids have higher boiling point than alcohols of comparable molecular masses. (b) Alpha (α)(\alpha) hydrogens of aldehydes and ketones are acidic in nature. (c) Nucleophilic addition of ammonia and its derivatives does not occur with carbonyl group in strongly acidic medium.
  7. Q.273 marks
    Write the reaction involved in the following : (a) Reimer-Tiemann reaction (b) Kolbe’s reaction (c) Friedal-Crafts acylation of anisole
  8. Q.283 marks
    Compound ‘X’ with molecular formula C4H9Br\mathrm{C_4H_9Br} reacts with aqueous KOH to give an alcohol. The rate of this reaction depends only on the concentration of the compound ‘X’. When an optically active isomer ‘Y’ of the compound ‘X’ was treated with aqueous KOH solution, the rate of reaction was found to be dependent on concentration of compound ‘Y’ and aqueous KOH both. (a) Write down the structural formula of both ‘X’ and ‘Y’. (b) Out of ‘X’ and ‘Y’, which one will undergo racemisation and why ? (c) Out of ‘X’ and ‘Y’, which one will form product with inversion of configuration and why ?

Section D

  1. The reaction of amines with mineral acids to form ammonium salts shows that these are basic in nature. Aliphatic amines are stronger bases than ammonia whereas aromatic amines are weaker bases than ammonia. Aliphatic and aromatic primary and secondary amines react with acid chlorides, anhydrides and esters by nucleophilic substitution reaction. The main problem encountered during electrophilic substitution reactions of aromatic amines is that of their high reactivity. Substitution tends to occur at ortho-and para-positions. Hinsberg reagent is used for the identification and distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Aryldiazonium salts, usually obtained from arylamines, undergo replacement of the diazonium group with a variety of nucleophiles to provide advantageous methods for producing aryl halides, cyanides, phenols and arenes.
    Q.29 (a)2 marks
    (i) Why CH3−NH2\mathrm{CH_3-NH_2} is a stronger base than (CH3)3N\mathrm{(CH_3)_3N} in aqueous solution ? (ii) Write structural formulae of the compound A and B : CH3CONH2→NaOBrA→BaseC6H5COClB\mathrm{CH_3CONH_2} \xrightarrow{\mathrm{NaOBr}} \mathrm{A} \xrightarrow[\text{Base}]{\mathrm{C_6H_5COCl}} \mathrm{B}
  2. Q.29 (b)1 mark
    A compound ‘X’ with molecular formula C3H9N\mathrm{C_3H_9N} reacts with Hinsberg reagent to give a product insoluble in alkali. Identify ‘X’.
  3. OR

    Q.29 (b) [OR]1 mark
    How can you convert aniline to benzonitrile ?
  4. Q.29 (c)1 mark
    Why is −NH2-\mathrm{NH_2} group of aniline acetylated before carrying out nitration ?
  5. The Valence Bond Theory (VBT) explains the formation, magnetic behaviour and geometry of coordination compounds. The Crystal Field Theory (CFT) of coordination compounds is based on the effect of different crystal fields (provided by the ligands taken as point charges), on the degeneracy of d-orbital energies of the central metal atom/ion. The splitting of the d-orbitals provides different electronic arrangements in strong and weak crystal fields.
    Q.30 (a)2 marks
    In octahedral crystal field, energies of which d-orbitals will be raised when ligands approach the central metal atom/ion ? Give reason in support of your answer.
  6. Q.30 (b)1 mark
    Using crystal field theory, write the electronic configuration of central metal atom/ion of the following : (i) [CoF6]3−\mathrm{[CoF_6]^{3-}} (ii) [Co(NH3)6]3+\mathrm{[Co(NH_3)_6]^{3+}} [At. No. : Co = 27]
  7. Q.30 (c)1 mark
    [NiCl4]2−\mathrm{[NiCl_4]^{2-}} is paramagnetic while [Ni(CO)4]\mathrm{[Ni(CO)_4]} is diamagnetic though both are tetrahedral. Why ? [Atomic No. : Ni = 28]
  8. OR

    Q.30 (c) [OR]1 mark
    Write hybridization and magnetic behaviour of the complex [Fe(CN)6]3−\mathrm{[Fe(CN)_6]^{3-}}. [Atomic No. : Fe = 26]

Section E

5 marks each

  1. Q.31 (a)5 marks
    (i) An organic compound (X) has the molecular formula C5H10O\mathrm{C_5H_{10}O}. Draw structures for (X) if it : (I) does not give Tollen’s test but gives a positive iodoform test. (II) does not give Tollen’s test and iodoform test but undergoes Aldol condensation. (III) undergoes Cannizzaro’s reaction. (ii) Show how each of the following compounds can be converted to benzoic acid : (I) Acetophenone (II) Ethyl benzene
  2. OR

    Q.31 (b)5 marks
    Answer the following questions : (i) Draw structure of the 2, 4-dinitrophenyl hyzdrazone derivative of benzaldehyde. (ii) Arrange the following in increasing order of their reactivity towards HCN : Di-tert. butyl ketone, Acetaldehyde, Acetone (iii) Give a simple chemical test to distinguish between benzoic acid and ethyl benzoate. (iv) Write the name of the reagent to convert Ethanenitrile to Ethanal. (v) Draw the structure of ‘X’ in the following reaction : cyclohexanol →CrO3\xrightarrow{\mathrm{CrO_3}} ‘X’
  3. Q.32 (a)5 marks
    (i) From the given data of E∘\mathrm{E^{\circ}} values, answer the following questions :
    EM2+/M∘\mathrm{E^{\circ}_{M^{2+}/M}}VCrMnFeCoNiCu
    −1.18-1.18−0.91-0.91−1.18-1.18−0.44-0.44−0.28-0.28−0.25-0.25+0.34+0.34
    (I) Why EM2+/M∘\mathrm{E^{\circ}_{M^{2+}/M}} show irregular trend in the above values ? (II) Why is ECu2+/Cu∘\mathrm{E^{\circ}_{Cu^{2+}/Cu}} value exceptionally positive ? (III) Why EMn2+/Mn∘\mathrm{E^{\circ}_{Mn^{2+}/Mn}} value is highly negative ? (ii) Write the ionic equations for the oxidising action of potassium permanganate for its reaction with I−\mathrm{I^{-}} in both acidic and alkaline solutions.
  4. OR

    Q.32 (b)5 marks
    Answer the following questions : (i) Name a member of the lanthanoid series (I) which exhibits +4 oxidation state (II) which exhibits +2 oxidation state. (ii) Why transition metals act as good catalyst ? (iii) Why Cr has higher melting point than Mn ? (iv) What happens when acidic solution of potassium permanganate is allowed to stand for sometime ? Give the equation involved. What is this type of reaction called ?
  5. Q.33 (a)5 marks
    Calculate emf and ΔG\Delta\mathrm{G} for the following cell at 298 K : Mg(s) / Mg2+(0.01 M) // Ag+(0.001 M) / Ag(s)\mathrm{Mg(s)\,/\,Mg^{2+}(0.01\ M)\,//\,Ag^{+}(0.001\ M)\,/\,Ag(s)} Given : EMg2+/Mg∘=−2.37\mathrm{E^{\circ}_{Mg^{2+}/Mg}} = -2.37 V EAg+/Ag∘=+0.80\quad \mathrm{E^{\circ}_{Ag^{+}/Ag}} = +0.80 V [1 F = 96500 C mol−1\mathrm{mol^{-1}}, log 10 = 1]
  6. OR

    Q.33 (b)5 marks
    For the reaction : 2AgCl(s)+H2(g) (0.4 atm)⟶2Ag(s)+2H+(0.1 M)+2Cl−(0.2 M)\mathrm{2AgCl(s) + H_2(g)\ (0.4\ atm) \longrightarrow 2Ag(s) + 2H^{+}(0.1\ M) + 2Cl^{-}(0.2\ M)} Calculate emf of the cell at 25 °C. Given : ΔG∘=−43500\Delta\mathrm{G^{\circ}} = -43500 J mol−1\mathrm{mol^{-1}} [log 10 = 1, 1 F = 96500 C mol−1\mathrm{mol^{-1}}]