CBSE Class 12 Physics 2025 question paper (55/2)
Maximum marks 70 · Time 3 hours · 3 sets
Try each question first, then open its model answer. Where the paper offers a choice, both questions are shown with OR between them.
Section A
1 mark each
- Q.11 markTwo charges each are placed at the vertices A and B of an equilateral triangle ABC. If M is the mid-point of AB, the net electric field at C will point along
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- Q.21 markA student has three resistors, each of resistance R. To obtain a resistance of R, she should connect
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- Q.31 markA 1 cm straight segment of a conductor carrying 1 A current in direction lies symmetrically at origin of Cartesian coordinate system. The magnetic field due to this segment at point (1m, 1m, 0) is
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- Q.41 markThe magnetic field due to a small magnetic dipole of dipole moment 'M' at a distance 'r' from the centre along the axis of the dipole is given by
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- Q.51 markIn the figure X is a coil wound over a hollow wooden pipe. A permanent magnet is pushed at a constant speed from the right into the pipe and it comes out at the left end of the pipe. During the entry and the exit of the magnet, the current in the wire YZ will be from
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- Q.61 markThe alternating current I in an inductor is observed to vary with time t as shown in the graph for a cycle. Which one of the following graphs is the correct representation of wave form of voltage V with time t ?
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- Q.71 markA transformer is connected to a 200 V ac source. The transformer supplies 3000 V to a device. If the number of turns in the primary coil is 450, then the number of turns in its secondary coil is –
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- Q.81 markWhich one of the following statements is correct ? Electric field due to static charges is
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- Q.91 markA tub is filled with a transparent liquid to a height of 30.0 cm. The apparent depth of a coin lying at the bottom of the tub is found to be 16.0 cm. The speed of light in the liquid will be
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- Q.101 markAtomic spectral emission lines of hydrogen atom are incident on a zinc surface. The lines which can emit photoelectrons from the surface are members of
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- Q.111 markThe energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom in ground state is eV. Its energy in an orbit corresponding to quantum number n is eV. The value of n is
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- Q.121 markWhen the resistance measured between p and n ends of a p-n junction diode is high, it can act as a/an –
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- For Questions 13 to 16, two statements are given – one labelled Assertion (A) and other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below :Q.131 markAssertion (A) : In a semiconductor diode the thickness of depletion layer is not fixed. Reason (R) : Thickness of depletion layer in a semiconductor device depends upon many factors such as biasing of the semiconductor.
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- Q.141 markAssertion (A) : In Bohr model of hydrogen atom, the angular momentum of an electron in orbit is proportional to the square root of its orbit radius . Reason (R) : According to Bohr model, electron can jump to its nearest orbits only.
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- Q.151 markAssertion (A) : Out of Infrared and radio waves, the radio waves show more diffraction effect. Reason (R) : Radio waves have greater frequency than infrared waves.
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- Q.161 markAssertion (A) : In an ideal step-down transformer, the electrical energy is not lost. Reason (R) : In a step-down transformer, voltage decreases but the current increases.
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Section B
2 marks each
- Q.17 (a)2 marksTwo wires of the same material and the same radius have their lengths in the ratio 2 : 3. They are connected in parallel to a battery which supplies a current of 15 A. Find the current through the wires.
OR
Q.17 (b)2 marksIn the circuit three ideal cells of e.m.f. V, V and 2V are connected to a resistor of resistance R, a capacitor of capacitance C and another resistor of resistance 2R as shown in figure. In the steady state find (i) the potential difference between P and Q and (ii) potential difference across capacitor C.- Q.182 marksIn a double-slit experiment, dark fringe is observed at a certain point of the screen. A transparent sheet of thickness t and refractive index n is now introduced in the path of one of the two interfering waves to increase its phase by . The pattern is shifted and bright fringe is observed at the same point. Find the relation for thickness t in terms of n and .
- Q.192 marksTwo concave lenses A and B, each of focal length 8.0 cm are arranged coaxially 16 cm apart as shown in figure. An object P is placed at a distance of 4.0 cm from A. Find the position and nature of the final image formed.
- Q.202 marksA light of wavelength 400 nm is incident on metal surface whose work function is J. Calculate the speed of the fastest photoelectrons emitted.
- Q.212 marksThe threshold voltage of a silicon diode is 0.7 V. It is operated at this point by connecting the diode in series with a battery of V volt and a resistor of 1000 . Find the value of V when the current drawn is 15 mA.
Section C
3 marks each
- Q.223 marks(a) A cell of e.m.f. E and internal resistance r is connected with a variable external resistance R and a voltmeter showing potential drop across R. Obtain the relationship between , E, R and r. (b) Draw the shape of the graph showing the variation of terminal voltage V of the cell as a function of current I drawn from it. How one can determine the e.m.f. of the cell and its internal resistance from this graph ?
- Q.23 (a)3 marksIn a region of a uniform electric field , a negatively charged particle is moving with a constant velocity near a long straight conductor coinciding with axis and carrying current I towards X axis. The particle remains at a distance d from the conductor. (i) Draw diagram showing direction of electric and magnetic fields. (ii) What are the various forces acting on the charged particle ? (iii) Find the value of in terms of E, d and I.
OR
Q.23 (b)3 marksTwo infinitely long conductors kept along and axes are carrying current and along X axis and Y axis respectively. Find the magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field produced at point P(X, Y).- Q.243 marks(a) State Lenz's law. (b) In the given figure : (i) Identify the machine. (ii) Name the parts P and Q and R of the machine. (iii) Give the polarities of the magnetic poles. (iv) Write the two ways of increasing the output voltage.
- Q.253 marks(a) The electric field of an electromagnetic wave propagating in north direction is oscillating in up and down direction. Describe the direction of magnetic field of the wave. (b) Are the wave length of radio waves and microwaves longer or shorter than those detectable by human eyes ? (c) Write main use of each of the following in human life : (i) Infrared waves (ii) Gamma rays
- Q.263 marks(a) When a parallel beam of light enters water surface obliquely at some angle, what is the effect on the width of the beam ? (b) With the help of a ray diagram, show that a straw appears bent when it is partly dipped in water and explain it. (c) Explain the transmission of optical signal through an optical fibre by a diagram.
- Q.273 marks(a) Show the variation of binding energy per nucleon with mass number. Write the significance of the binding energy curve. (b) Two nuclei with lower binding energy per nucleon form a nuclei with more binding energy per nucleon. (i) What type of nuclear reaction is it ? (ii) Whether the total mass of nuclei increases, decreases or remains unchanged ? (iii) Does the process require energy or produce energy ?
- Q.283 marks(a) What are majority and minority charge carriers in an extrinsic semiconductor ? (b) A p-n junction is forward biased. Describe the movement of the charge carriers which produce current in it. (c) The graph shows the variation of current with voltage for a p-n junction diode. Estimate the dynamic resistance of diode at V = volt.
Section D
1 mark each
- A parallel plate capacitor has two parallel plates which are separated by an insulating medium like air, mica, etc. When the plates are connected to the terminals of a battery, they get equal and opposite charges and an electric field is set up in between them. This electric field between the two plates depends upon the potential difference applied, the separation of the plates and nature of the medium between the plates.Q.29 (i)1 markThe electric field between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor is E. Now the separation between the plates is doubled and simultaneously the applied potential difference between the plates is reduced to half of its initial value. The new value of the electric field between the plates will be :
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- Q.29 (ii)1 markA constant electric field is to be maintained between the two plates of a capacitor whose separation d changes with time. Which of the graphs correctly depict the potential difference () to be applied between the plates as a function of separation between the plates (d) to maintain the constant electric field ?
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- Q.29 (iii)1 markIn the above figure P, Q are the two parallel plates of a capacitor. Plate Q is at positive potential with respect to plate P. MN is an imaginary line drawn perpendicular to the plates. Which of the graphs shows correctly the variations of the magnitude of electric field strength E along the line MN ?
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- Q.29 (iv) (a)1 markThree parallel plates are placed above each other with equal displacement between neighbouring plates. The electric field between the first pair of the plates is and the electric field between the second pair of the plates is . The potential difference between the third and the first plate is –
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OR
Q.29 (iv) (b)1 markA material of dielectric constant K is filled in a parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C. The new value of its capacitance becomesTap an option to check your answer.
- When a photon of suitable frequency is incident on a metal surface, photoelectron is emitted from it. If the frequency is below a threshold frequency for the surface, no photoelectron is emitted. For a photon of frequency , the kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons is . The photocurrent can be stopped by applying a potential called 'stopping potential' on the anode. Thus maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons . The experimental graph between and for a metal is shown in figure. This is a straight line of slope m.Q.30 (i)1 markThe straight line graphs obtained for two metals
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- Q.30 (ii)1 markThe value of Planck's constant for this metal is
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- Q.30 (iii) (a)1 markThe intercepts on -axis and -axis of the graph are respectively :
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OR
Q.30 (iii) (b)1 markWhen the wavelength of a photon is doubled, how many times its wave number and frequency become, respectively ?Tap an option to check your answer.
- Q.30 (iv)1 markThe momentum of a photon is kg. m/s. Ignoring relativistic effects (if any), the wavelength of the photon is
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Section E
5 marks each
- Q.31 (a)5 marks(i) A small conducting sphere A of radius r charged to a potential V, is enclosed by a spherical conducting shell B of radius R. If A and B are connected by a thin wire, calculate the final potential on sphere A and shell B. (ii) Write two characteristics of equipotential surfaces. A uniform electric field of 50 NC is set up in a region along axis. If the potential at the origin (0, 0) is 220 V, find the potential at a point (4m, 3m).
OR
Q.31 (b)5 marks(i) What is difference between an open surface and a closed surface ? Draw elementary surface vector for a spherical surface S. (ii) Define electric flux through a surface. Give the significance of a Gaussian surface. A charge outside a Gaussian surface does not contribute to total electric flux through the surface. Why ? (iii) A small spherical shell has point charges , and inside it. This shell is enclosed by another big spherical shell . A point charge Q is placed in between the two surfaces and . If the electric flux through the surface is four times the flux through surface , find charge Q.- Q.32 (a)5 marks(i) What is the source of force acting on a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field ? Obtain the expression for force acting between two long straight parallel conductors carrying steady currents and hence define 'ampere'. (ii) A point charge q is moving with velocity in a uniform magnetic field . Find the work done by the magnetic force on the charge. (iii) Explain the necessary conditions in which the trajectory of a charged particle is helical in a uniform magnetic field.
OR
Q.32 (b)5 marks(i) A current carrying loop can be considered as a magnetic dipole placed along its axis. Explain. (ii) Obtain the relation for magnetic dipole moment of current carrying coil. Give the direction of . (iii) A current carrying coil is placed in an external uniform magnetic field. The coil is free to turn in the magnetic field. What is the net force acting on the coil ? Obtain the orientation of the coil in stable equilibrium. Show that in this orientation the flux of the total field (field produced by the loop + external field) through the coil is maximum.- Q.33 (a)5 marks(i) A thin pencil of length (f/4) is placed coinciding with the principal axis of a mirror of focal length f. The image of the pencil is real and enlarged, just touches the pencil. Calculate the magnification produced by the mirror. (ii) A ray of light is incident on a refracting face AB of a prism ABC at an angle of . The ray emerges from face AC and the angle of deviation is . The angle of prism is . Show that the emergent ray is normal to the face AC from which it emerges out. Find the refraction index of the material of the prism.
OR
Q.33 (b)5 marks(i) Light consisting of two wavelengths 600 nm and 480 nm is used to obtain interference fringes in a double slit experiment. The screen is placed 1.0 m away from slits which are 1.0 nm apart. (1) Calculate the distance of the third bright fringe on the screen from the central maximum for wavelength 600 nm. (2) Find the least distance from the central maximum where the bright fringes due to both the wavelengths coincide. (ii) (1) Draw the variation of intensity with angle of diffraction in single slit diffraction pattern. Write the expression for value of angle corresponding to zero intensity locations. (2) In what way diffraction of light waves differs from diffraction of sound waves ?
Section A
1 mark each
- Q.11 markTwo identical point charges are placed at the two vertices A and B of an equilateral triangle of side . The magnitude of the electric field at the third vertex P is E. If a hollow conducting sphere of radius is placed at P, the magnitude of the electric field at point P now becomes
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- Q.21 markA battery of e.m.f. 12 V and internal resistance 0.5 is connected to a 9.5 resistor through a key. The ratio of potential difference between the two terminals of the battery, when the key is open to that when the key is closed, is
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- Q.31 markThe alternating current I in an inductor is observed to vary with time t as shown in the graph for a cycle. Which one of the following graphs is the correct representation of wave form of voltage V with time t ?
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- Q.41 markA diamagnetic substance is brought, one by one, near the north pole and the south pole of a bar magnet. It is
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- Q.51 markTwo long solenoids of radii and and number of turns per unit length and respectively are co-axially wrapped one over the other. The ratio of self-inductance of inner solenoid to their mutual inductance is –
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- Q.61 markA 1 cm straight segment of a conductor carrying 1 A current in direction lies symmetrically at origin of Cartesian coordinate system. The magnetic field due to this segment at point (1m, 1m, 0) is
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- Q.71 markA coil of an ac generator, having 100 turns and area 0.1 each, rotates at half a rotation per second in a magnetic field of 0.02 T. The maximum emf generated in the coil is
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- Q.81 markAtomic spectral emission lines of hydrogen atom are incident on a zinc surface. The lines which can emit photoelectrons from the surface are members of
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- Q.91 markThe focal length of a concave mirror in air is f. When the mirror is immersed in a liquid of refractive index , its focal length will become
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- Q.101 markWhich one of the following statements is correct ? Electric field due to static charges is
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- Q.111 markWhen the resistance measured between p and n ends of a p-n junction diode is high, it can act as a/an –
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- Q.121 markThe energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom in ground state is eV. Its energy in an orbit corresponding to quantum number n is eV. The value of n is
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- For Questions 13 to 16, two statements are given – one labelled Assertion (A) and other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below :Q.131 markAssertion (A) : Out of Infrared and radio waves, the radio waves show more diffraction effect. Reason (R) : Radio waves have greater frequency than infrared waves.
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- Q.141 markAssertion (A) : In an ideal step-down transformer, the electrical energy is not lost. Reason (R) : In a step-down transformer, voltage decreases but the current increases.
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- Q.151 markAssertion (A) : In Bohr model of hydrogen atom, the angular momentum of an electron in orbit is proportional to the square root of its orbit radius . Reason (R) : According to Bohr model, electron can jump to its nearest orbits only.
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- Q.161 markAssertion (A) : In a semiconductor diode the thickness of depletion layer is not fixed. Reason (R) : Thickness of depletion layer in a semiconductor device depends upon many factors such as biasing of the semiconductor.
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Section B
2 marks each
- Q.172 marksThe threshold voltage of a silicon diode is 0.7 V. It is operated at this point by connecting the diode in series with a battery of V volt and a resistor of 1000 . Find the value of V when the current drawn is 15 mA.
- Q.182 marksShow the refraction of light wave at a plane interface using Huygens’ principle and prove Snell’s law.
- Q.192 marksTwo convex lenses A and B, each of focal length 10.0 cm, are mounted on an optical bench at 50.0 cm and 70.0 cm respectively. An object is mounted at 20.0 cm. Find the nature and position of the final image formed by the combination.
- Q.202 marksRadiations of two frequencies are incident on a metal surface of work function 2.0 eV one by one. The energies of their photons are 2.5 eV and 4.5 eV respectively. Find the ratio of the maximum speed of the electrons emitted in the two cases.
- Q.21 (a)2 marksTwo wires of the same material and the same radius have their lengths in the ratio 2 : 3. They are connected in parallel to a battery which supplies a current of 15 A. Find the current through the wires.
OR
Q.21 (b)2 marksIn the circuit three ideal cells of e.m.f. V, V and 2V are connected to a resistor of resistance R, a capacitor of capacitance C and another resistor of resistance 2R as shown in figure. In the steady state find (i) the potential difference between P and Q and (ii) potential difference across capacitor C.
Section C
3 marks each
- Q.223 marks(a) Define resistivity of a conductor. Discuss its dependence on temperature of the conductor and draw a plot of resistivity of copper as a function of temperature. (b) (i) “A low voltage battery from which high current is required must have low internal resistance.” Justify. (ii) “A high voltage battery must have a large internal resistance.” Justify.
- Q.233 marks(a) When a parallel beam of light enters water surface obliquely at some angle, what is the effect on the width of the beam ? (b) With the help of a ray diagram, show that a straw appears bent when it is partly dipped in water and explain it. (c) Explain the transmission of optical signal through an optical fibre by a diagram.
- Q.243 marksDifferentiate between the peak value and root mean square value of an alternating current. Derive the expression for the root mean square value of alternating current, in terms of its peak value.
- Q.253 marks(a) How is an electromagnetic wave produced ? (b) An electromagnetic wave is travelling in vertically upward direction. At an instant, its electric field vector points in west direction. In which direction does the magnetic field vector point at that instant ? (c) Estimate the ratio of shortest wave length of radio waves to the longest wave length of gamma waves.
- Q.26 (a)3 marksIn a region of a uniform electric field , a negatively charged particle is moving with a constant velocity near a long straight conductor coinciding with axis and carrying current I towards X axis. The particle remains at a distance d from the conductor. (i) Draw diagram showing direction of electric and magnetic fields. (ii) What are the various forces acting on the charged particle ? (iii) Find the value of in terms of E, d and I.
OR
Q.26 (b)3 marksTwo infinitely long conductors kept along and axes are carrying current and along X axis and Y axis respectively. Find the magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field produced at point P(X, Y).- Q.273 marks(a) What are majority and minority charge carriers in an extrinsic semiconductor ? (b) A p-n junction is forward biased. Describe the movement of the charge carriers which produce current in it. (c) The graph shows the variation of current with voltage for a p-n junction diode. Estimate the dynamic resistance of diode at V = volt.
- Q.283 marks(a) Show the variation of binding energy per nucleon with mass number. Write the significance of the binding energy curve. (b) Two nuclei with lower binding energy per nucleon form a nuclei with more binding energy per nucleon. (i) What type of nuclear reaction is it ? (ii) Whether the total mass of nuclei increases, decreases or remains unchanged ? (iii) Does the process require energy or produce energy ?
Section D
1 mark each
- When a photon of suitable frequency is incident on a metal surface, photoelectron is emitted from it. If the frequency is below a threshold frequency for the surface, no photoelectron is emitted. For a photon of frequency , the kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons is . The photocurrent can be stopped by applying a potential called 'stopping potential' on the anode. Thus maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons . The experimental graph between and for a metal is shown in figure. This is a straight line of slope m.Q.29 (i)1 markThe straight line graphs obtained for two metals
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- Q.29 (ii)1 markThe value of Planck's constant for this metal is
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- Q.29 (iii) (a)1 markThe intercepts on -axis and -axis of the graph are respectively :
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OR
Q.29 (iii) (b)1 markWhen the wavelength of a photon is doubled, how many times its wave number and frequency become, respectively ?Tap an option to check your answer.
- Q.29 (iv)1 markThe momentum of a photon is kg. m/s. Ignoring relativistic effects (if any), the wavelength of the photon is
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- A parallel plate capacitor has two parallel plates which are separated by an insulating medium like air, mica, etc. When the plates are connected to the terminals of a battery, they get equal and opposite charges and an electric field is set up in between them. This electric field between the two plates depends upon the potential difference applied, the separation of the plates and nature of the medium between the plates.Q.30 (i)1 markThe electric field between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor is E. Now the separation between the plates is doubled and simultaneously the applied potential difference between the plates is reduced to half of its initial value. The new value of the electric field between the plates will be :
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- Q.30 (ii)1 markA constant electric field is to be maintained between the two plates of a capacitor whose separation d changes with time. Which of the graphs correctly depict the potential difference () to be applied between the plates as a function of separation between the plates (d) to maintain the constant electric field ?
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- Q.30 (iii)1 markIn the above figure P, Q are the two parallel plates of a capacitor. Plate Q is at positive potential with respect to plate P. MN is an imaginary line drawn perpendicular to the plates. Which of the graphs shows correctly the variations of the magnitude of electric field strength E along the line MN ?
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- Q.30 (iv) (a)1 markThree parallel plates are placed above each other with equal displacement between neighbouring plates. The electric field between the first pair of the plates is and the electric field between the second pair of the plates is . The potential difference between the third and the first plate is –
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OR
Q.30 (iv) (b)1 markA material of dielectric constant K is filled in a parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C. The new value of its capacitance becomesTap an option to check your answer.
Section E
5 marks each
- Q.31 (a)5 marks(i) A thin pencil of length (f/4) is placed coinciding with the principal axis of a mirror of focal length f. The image of the pencil is real and enlarged, just touches the pencil. Calculate the magnification produced by the mirror. (ii) A ray of light is incident on a refracting face AB of a prism ABC at an angle of . The ray emerges from face AC and the angle of deviation is . The angle of prism is . Show that the emergent ray is normal to the face AC from which it emerges out. Find the refraction index of the material of the prism.
OR
Q.31 (b)5 marks(i) Light consisting of two wavelengths 600 nm and 480 nm is used to obtain interference fringes in a double slit experiment. The screen is placed 1.0 m away from slits which are 1.0 nm apart. (1) Calculate the distance of the third bright fringe on the screen from the central maximum for wavelength 600 nm. (2) Find the least distance from the central maximum where the bright fringes due to both the wavelengths coincide. (ii) (1) Draw the variation of intensity with angle of diffraction in single slit diffraction pattern. Write the expression for value of angle corresponding to zero intensity locations. (2) In what way diffraction of light waves differs from diffraction of sound waves ?- Q.32 (a)5 marks(i) A small conducting sphere A of radius r charged to a potential V, is enclosed by a spherical conducting shell B of radius R. If A and B are connected by a thin wire, calculate the final potential on sphere A and shell B. (ii) Write two characteristics of equipotential surfaces. A uniform electric field of 50 NC is set up in a region along axis. If the potential at the origin (0, 0) is 220 V, find the potential at a point (4m, 3m).
OR
Q.32 (b)5 marks(i) What is difference between an open surface and a closed surface ? Draw elementary surface vector for a spherical surface S. (ii) Define electric flux through a surface. Give the significance of a Gaussian surface. A charge outside a Gaussian surface does not contribute to total electric flux through the surface. Why ? (iii) A small spherical shell has point charges , and inside it. This shell is enclosed by another big spherical shell . A point charge Q is placed in between the two surfaces and . If the electric flux through the surface is four times the flux through surface , find charge Q.- Q.33 (a)5 marks(i) What is the source of force acting on a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field ? Obtain the expression for force acting between two long straight parallel conductors carrying steady currents and hence define 'ampere'. (ii) A point charge q is moving with velocity in a uniform magnetic field . Find the work done by the magnetic force on the charge. (iii) Explain the necessary conditions in which the trajectory of a charged particle is helical in a uniform magnetic field.
OR
Q.33 (b)5 marks(i) A current carrying loop can be considered as a magnetic dipole placed along its axis. Explain. (ii) Obtain the relation for magnetic dipole moment of current carrying coil. Give the direction of . (iii) A current carrying coil is placed in an external uniform magnetic field. The coil is free to turn in the magnetic field. What is the net force acting on the coil ? Obtain the orientation of the coil in stable equilibrium. Show that in this orientation the flux of the total field (field produced by the loop + external field) through the coil is maximum.
Section A
1 mark each
- Q.11 markConsider two identical dipoles and . Charges and q of dipole are located at (0, 0) and (a, 0) and that of dipole at (0, a) and (0, 2a) in - plane, respectively. The net dipole moment of the system is
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- Q.21 markWhich pair of readings of ideal voltmeter and ideal ammeter in the given circuit is possible when a suitable power source of 3 internal resistance is connected between P and Q ?
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- Q.31 markWhich one of the following statements is correct ? Electric field due to static charges is
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- Q.41 markA material is pushed out when placed in a uniform magnetic field. The material is
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- Q.51 markA soft iron rod X is allowed to fall on the two poles of a U shaped permanent magnet as shown in figure. A coil is wrapped over one arm of the U shaped magnet. During fall of the rod, the current in the coil will be
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- Q.61 markA 1 cm straight segment of a conductor carrying 1 A current in direction lies symmetrically at origin of Cartesian coordinate system. The magnetic field due to this segment at point (1m, 1m, 0) is
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- Q.71 markThe number of turns between different pairs of output terminals are shown for a step-up transformer. Input voltage of 20 V is applied between A and B. Between which two terminals will the output be 120 V ?
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- Q.81 markThe alternating current I in an inductor is observed to vary with time t as shown in the graph for a cycle. Which one of the following graphs is the correct representation of wave form of voltage V with time t ?
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- Q.91 markThe plane face of a planoconvex lens is silvered. The refractive index of material and radius of curvature of the curved surface of the lens are n and R respectively. This lens will behave as a concave mirror of focal length
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- Q.101 markWhen the resistance measured between p and n ends of a p-n junction diode is high, it can act as a/an –
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- Q.111 markAtomic spectral emission lines of hydrogen atom are incident on a zinc surface. The lines which can emit photoelectrons from the surface are members of
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- Q.121 markThe energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom in ground state is eV. Its energy in an orbit corresponding to quantum number n is eV. The value of n is
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- For Questions 13 to 16, two statements are given – one labelled Assertion (A) and other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below :Q.131 markAssertion (A) : In an ideal step-down transformer, the electrical energy is not lost. Reason (R) : In a step-down transformer, voltage decreases but the current increases.
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- Q.141 markAssertion (A) : Out of Infrared and radio waves, the radio waves show more diffraction effect. Reason (R) : Radio waves have greater frequency than infrared waves.
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- Q.151 markAssertion (A) : In a semiconductor diode the thickness of depletion layer is not fixed. Reason (R) : Thickness of depletion layer in a semiconductor device depends upon many factors such as biasing of the semiconductor.
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- Q.161 markAssertion (A) : In Bohr model of hydrogen atom, the angular momentum of an electron in orbit is proportional to the square root of its orbit radius . Reason (R) : According to Bohr model, electron can jump to its nearest orbits only.
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Section B
2 marks each
- Q.172 marksThe threshold voltage of a silicon diode is 0.7 V. It is operated at this point by connecting the diode in series with a battery of V volt and a resistor of 1000 . Find the value of V when the current drawn is 15 mA.
- Q.182 marksIn a double slit experiment, it is observed that the angular width of one fringe formed on the screen is . The wavelength of light used in the experiment is 500 nm. Calculate the separation of the two slits.
- Q.192 marksA light beam converges at a point O. In the path of this beam, a concave lens of focal length 15 cm is placed at a distance of 10 cm before point O. The beam now converges at a point O'. Find the magnitude and the direction of shift OO'.
- Q.202 marksThe threshold wavelength of a metal is 450 nm. Calculate (i) the work function of the metal in eV and (ii) the maximum energy of the ejected photoelectrons in eV by incident radiation of 250 nm.
- Q.21 (a)2 marksTwo wires of the same material and the same radius have their lengths in the ratio 2 : 3. They are connected in parallel to a battery which supplies a current of 15 A. Find the current through the wires.
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Q.21 (b)2 marksIn the circuit three ideal cells of e.m.f. V, V and 2V are connected to a resistor of resistance R, a capacitor of capacitance C and another resistor of resistance 2R as shown in figure. In the steady state find (i) the potential difference between P and Q and (ii) potential difference across capacitor C.
Section C
3 marks each
- Q.223 marks(a) Define Electrical conductivity. Obtain the expression of electrical conductivity of a conductor in terms of number density and relaxation time of free electrons. (b) Explain qualitative change in resistivity of a conductor with temperature using expression obtained in (a).
- Q.233 marks(a) Show the variation of binding energy per nucleon with mass number. Write the significance of the binding energy curve. (b) Two nuclei with lower binding energy per nucleon form a nuclei with more binding energy per nucleon. (i) What type of nuclear reaction is it ? (ii) Whether the total mass of nuclei increases, decreases or remains unchanged ? (iii) Does the process require energy or produce energy ?
- Q.243 marks(a) ac voltage of frequency is applied across a series LCR circuit. Draw the phasor diagram and obtain the impedance of the circuit. (b) Discuss 'resonance' in a series LCR circuit and write the expression for resonant frequency.
- Q.253 marks(a) The amplitude of a light wave becomes n times. This results in intensity of the wave becoming m times. What is the relation between n and m ? (b) White light is incident on three identical surfaces – a black surface, a yellow surface and a white surface, one by one. For which surface, the pressure exerted on the surface by the incident light will be (i) maximum (ii) minimum ? Justify your answer.
- Q.263 marks(a) What are majority and minority charge carriers in an extrinsic semiconductor ? (b) A p-n junction is forward biased. Describe the movement of the charge carriers which produce current in it. (c) The graph shows the variation of current with voltage for a p-n junction diode. Estimate the dynamic resistance of diode at V = volt.
- Q.27 (a)3 marksIn a region of a uniform electric field , a negatively charged particle is moving with a constant velocity near a long straight conductor coinciding with axis and carrying current I towards X axis. The particle remains at a distance d from the conductor. (i) Draw diagram showing direction of electric and magnetic fields. (ii) What are the various forces acting on the charged particle ? (iii) Find the value of in terms of E, d and I.
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Q.27 (b)3 marksTwo infinitely long conductors kept along and axes are carrying current and along X axis and Y axis respectively. Find the magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field produced at point P(X, Y).- Q.283 marks(a) When a parallel beam of light enters water surface obliquely at some angle, what is the effect on the width of the beam ? (b) With the help of a ray diagram, show that a straw appears bent when it is partly dipped in water and explain it. (c) Explain the transmission of optical signal through an optical fibre by a diagram.
Section D
1 mark each
- When a photon of suitable frequency is incident on a metal surface, photoelectron is emitted from it. If the frequency is below a threshold frequency for the surface, no photoelectron is emitted. For a photon of frequency , the kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons is . The photocurrent can be stopped by applying a potential called 'stopping potential' on the anode. Thus maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons . The experimental graph between and for a metal is shown in figure. This is a straight line of slope m.Q.29 (i)1 markThe straight line graphs obtained for two metals
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- Q.29 (ii)1 markThe value of Planck's constant for this metal is
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- Q.29 (iii) (a)1 markThe intercepts on -axis and -axis of the graph are respectively :
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Q.29 (iii) (b)1 markWhen the wavelength of a photon is doubled, how many times its wave number and frequency become, respectively ?Tap an option to check your answer.
- Q.29 (iv)1 markThe momentum of a photon is kg. m/s. Ignoring relativistic effects (if any), the wavelength of the photon is
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- A parallel plate capacitor has two parallel plates which are separated by an insulating medium like air, mica, etc. When the plates are connected to the terminals of a battery, they get equal and opposite charges and an electric field is set up in between them. This electric field between the two plates depends upon the potential difference applied, the separation of the plates and nature of the medium between the plates.Q.30 (i)1 markThe electric field between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor is E. Now the separation between the plates is doubled and simultaneously the applied potential difference between the plates is reduced to half of its initial value. The new value of the electric field between the plates will be :
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- Q.30 (ii)1 markA constant electric field is to be maintained between the two plates of a capacitor whose separation d changes with time. Which of the graphs correctly depict the potential difference () to be applied between the plates as a function of separation between the plates (d) to maintain the constant electric field ?
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- Q.30 (iii)1 markIn the above figure P, Q are the two parallel plates of a capacitor. Plate Q is at positive potential with respect to plate P. MN is an imaginary line drawn perpendicular to the plates. Which of the graphs shows correctly the variations of the magnitude of electric field strength E along the line MN ?
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- Q.30 (iv) (a)1 markThree parallel plates are placed above each other with equal displacement between neighbouring plates. The electric field between the first pair of the plates is and the electric field between the second pair of the plates is . The potential difference between the third and the first plate is –
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Q.30 (iv) (b)1 markA material of dielectric constant K is filled in a parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C. The new value of its capacitance becomesTap an option to check your answer.
Section E
5 marks each
- Q.31 (a)5 marks(i) What is the source of force acting on a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field ? Obtain the expression for force acting between two long straight parallel conductors carrying steady currents and hence define 'ampere'. (ii) A point charge q is moving with velocity in a uniform magnetic field . Find the work done by the magnetic force on the charge. (iii) Explain the necessary conditions in which the trajectory of a charged particle is helical in a uniform magnetic field.
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Q.31 (b)5 marks(i) A current carrying loop can be considered as a magnetic dipole placed along its axis. Explain. (ii) Obtain the relation for magnetic dipole moment of current carrying coil. Give the direction of . (iii) A current carrying coil is placed in an external uniform magnetic field. The coil is free to turn in the magnetic field. What is the net force acting on the coil ? Obtain the orientation of the coil in stable equilibrium. Show that in this orientation the flux of the total field (field produced by the loop + external field) through the coil is maximum.- Q.32 (a)5 marks(i) A thin pencil of length (f/4) is placed coinciding with the principal axis of a mirror of focal length f. The image of the pencil is real and enlarged, just touches the pencil. Calculate the magnification produced by the mirror. (ii) A ray of light is incident on a refracting face AB of a prism ABC at an angle of . The ray emerges from face AC and the angle of deviation is . The angle of prism is . Show that the emergent ray is normal to the face AC from which it emerges out. Find the refraction index of the material of the prism.
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Q.32 (b)5 marks(i) Light consisting of two wavelengths 600 nm and 480 nm is used to obtain interference fringes in a double slit experiment. The screen is placed 1.0 m away from slits which are 1.0 nm apart. (1) Calculate the distance of the third bright fringe on the screen from the central maximum for wavelength 600 nm. (2) Find the least distance from the central maximum where the bright fringes due to both the wavelengths coincide. (ii) (1) Draw the variation of intensity with angle of diffraction in single slit diffraction pattern. Write the expression for value of angle corresponding to zero intensity locations. (2) In what way diffraction of light waves differs from diffraction of sound waves ?- Q.33 (a)5 marks(i) A small conducting sphere A of radius r charged to a potential V, is enclosed by a spherical conducting shell B of radius R. If A and B are connected by a thin wire, calculate the final potential on sphere A and shell B. (ii) Write two characteristics of equipotential surfaces. A uniform electric field of 50 NC is set up in a region along axis. If the potential at the origin (0, 0) is 220 V, find the potential at a point (4m, 3m).
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Q.33 (b)5 marks(i) What is difference between an open surface and a closed surface ? Draw elementary surface vector for a spherical surface S. (ii) Define electric flux through a surface. Give the significance of a Gaussian surface. A charge outside a Gaussian surface does not contribute to total electric flux through the surface. Why ? (iii) A small spherical shell has point charges , and inside it. This shell is enclosed by another big spherical shell . A point charge Q is placed in between the two surfaces and . If the electric flux through the surface is four times the flux through surface , find charge Q.