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CBSE Class 12 Physics 2025 question paper (55/6)

Maximum marks 70 · Time 3 hours · 3 sets

Try each question first, then open its model answer. Where the paper offers a choice, both questions are shown with OR between them.

Section A

1 mark each

  1. Q.11 mark
    The figure shows the voltage (V) versus the current (I) graphs for a wire at two temperatures T1T_1 and T2T_2. One can conclude that :

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  2. Q.21 mark
    If RsR_s and RpR_p are the equivalent resistances of n resistors, each of value R, in series and parallel combinations respectively, then the value of (Rs−Rp)(R_s - R_p) is :

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  3. Q.31 mark
    The value of magnetic field at point O in the given figure is :

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  4. Q.41 mark
    A piece of a diamagnetic material, free to move when placed in a uniform magnetic field :

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  5. Q.51 mark
    A galvanometer can be converted into an ammeter of desired range by connecting a :

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  6. Q.61 mark
    A proton and an α\alpha-particle enter with the same velocity v⃗\vec{v} in a uniform magnetic field B⃗\vec{B} such that v⃗⊥B⃗\vec{v} \perp \vec{B}. The ratio of the radii of their paths is :

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  7. Q.71 mark
    A vertically held bar magnet is dropped along the axis of a copper ring having a cut as shown in the diagram. The acceleration of the falling magnet is :

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  8. Q.81 mark
    An ac source is connected to a resistor and an inductor in series. The voltage across the resistor and inductor are 8 V and 6 V respectively. The voltage of the source is :

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  9. Q.91 mark
    Two coherent waves, each of intensity I0I_0, produce interference pattern on a screen. The average intensity of light on the screen is :

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  10. Q.101 mark
    The work function of a material is 2⋅212{\cdot}21 eV. Which of the following cannot produce photoelectrons from it ?

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  11. Q.111 mark
    The momentum (in kg m/s) of a photon of frequency 6⋅0×10146{\cdot}0 \times 10^{14} Hz is :

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  12. Q.121 mark
    Inside a nucleus, the nuclear forces between proton and proton, proton and neutron, neutron and neutron are FppF_{pp}, FpnF_{pn} and FnnF_{nn} respectively. Then :

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  13. Questions number 13 to 16 are Assertion (A) and Reason (R) type questions. Two statements are given — one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
    Q.131 mark
    Assertion (A) : In a reflecting telescope, the image does not have chromatic aberration. Reason (R) : Chromatic aberration occurs only due to refraction of light through an optical medium.

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  14. Q.141 mark
    Assertion (A) : A hole is an apparent free particle with effective positive electronic charge. Reason (R) : A hole is not necessarily a vacancy left behind by an electron in the valence band.

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  15. Q.151 mark
    Assertion (A) : X-rays are produced when slow moving electrons are stopped by a metal target of high atomic number. Reason (R) : X-rays consist of low-energy photons.

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  16. Q.161 mark
    Assertion (A) : The binding energy per nucleon is practically constant for mass number in the range (30<A<170)(30 < A < 170). Reason (R) : Nuclear forces between the nucleons for mass numbers in the range (30<A<170)(30 < A < 170) are not short-range.

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Section B

2 marks each

  1. Q.172 marks
    Find the equivalent resistance between points A and B for the network shown in the figure.
  2. Q.18 (a)2 marks
    Find the intensity at a point on the screen in Young's double slit experiment, at which the interfering waves of intensity I0I_0 each, have a path difference of (i) λ3\dfrac{\lambda}{3}, and (ii) λ2\dfrac{\lambda}{2}.
  3. OR

    Q.18 (b)2 marks
    A point source of light in air is kept at a distance of 12 cm in front of a convex spherical surface of glass of refractive index 1⋅51{\cdot}5 and radius of curvature 30 cm. Find the nature and position of the image formed.
  4. Q.192 marks
    A laser beam of frequency 3⋅0×10143{\cdot}0 \times 10^{14} Hz produces average power of 9 mW. Find (i) the energy of photon of the beam, and (ii) the number of photons emitted per second on an average by the source.
  5. Q.202 marks
    A right angled isosceles glass prism ABC is kept in contact with an equilateral triangular prism DBC as shown in the figure. Both prisms are made of the same glass of refractive index 1⋅61{\cdot}6. Trace the path of the ray MN incident normally on face AB as it passes through the combination.
  6. Q.212 marks
    In an n-type semiconductor electron-hole combination is a continuous process at room temperature. Yet the electron concentration is always greater than the hole concentration in it. Explain.

Section C

3 marks each

  1. Q.223 marks
    What is the difference between 'emf' and 'terminal voltage' of a cell ? Two cells of emfs E1E_1 and E2E_2 and internal resistances r1r_1 and r2r_2 are connected in parallel. Derive an expression for the emf and internal resistance of the equivalent cell.
  2. Q.233 marks
    A rectangular loop carries a current of 1 A. A straight long wire carrying 2 A current is kept near the loop in the same plane as shown in the figure. Find : (i) the torque acting on the loop, and (ii) the magnitude and direction of the net force on the loop.
  3. Q.24 (a)3 marks
    State Lenz's law. A rod MN of length L is rotated about an axis passing through its end M perpendicular to its length, with a constant angular velocity ω\omega in a uniform magnetic field B⃗\vec{B} parallel to the axis. Obtain an expression for emf induced between its ends.
  4. OR

    Q.24 (b)3 marks
    Define 'self-inductance' of a coil. Derive an expression for self-inductance of a long solenoid of cross-sectional area A and length ll, having n turns per unit length.
  5. Q.253 marks
    Name the electromagnetic wave used (i) in radar, (ii) in eye surgery and (iii) as diagnostic tool in medicine. Write their wavelength range also.
  6. Q.263 marks
    Draw a ray diagram showing the image formation when a concave mirror produces a real, inverted and magnified image of an object and hence obtain the mirror formula.
  7. Q.273 marks
    How is the necessary force provided to an electron to keep it moving in a circular orbit according to Bohr model of hydrogen atom ? Derive an expression for the total energy of an electron moving in an orbit of radius r in hydrogen atom. Give the significance of negative sign in this expression.
  8. Q.283 marks
    (a) Consider the so-called 'D-T reaction' (Deuterium-Tritium reaction). In a thermonuclear fusion reactor, the following nuclear reaction occurs : 12H+13H⟶24He+01n+Q^{2}_{1}\mathrm{H} + {}^{3}_{1}\mathrm{H} \longrightarrow {}^{4}_{2}\mathrm{He} + {}^{1}_{0}\mathrm{n} + Q Find the amount of energy released in the reaction. Given : m(12H)=2⋅014102m\left({}^{2}_{1}\mathrm{H}\right) = 2{\cdot}014102 u m(13H)=3⋅016049m\left({}^{3}_{1}\mathrm{H}\right) = 3{\cdot}016049 u m(24He)=4⋅002603m\left({}^{4}_{2}\mathrm{He}\right) = 4{\cdot}002603 u m(01n)=1⋅008665m\left({}^{1}_{0}\mathrm{n}\right) = 1{\cdot}008665 u 1 u=931 MeV/c21\ \mathrm{u} = 931\ \mathrm{MeV}/c^2 (b) Show that the nuclear density is independent of mass number.

Section D

1 mark each

  1. A capacitor is a system of two conductors separated by an insulator. In practice, the two conductors have charges Q and – Q with potential difference V=V1−V2V = V_1 - V_2 between them. The ratio QV\dfrac{Q}{V} is a constant, denoted by C and is called the capacitance of the capacitor. It is independent of Q or V. It depends only on the geometrical configuration (shape, size, separation) of the two conductors and the medium separating the conductors. When a parallel plate capacitor is charged, the electric field E0E_0 is localised between the plates and is uniform throughout. When a slab of a dielectric is inserted between the charged plates (charge density σ\sigma), the dielectric is polarised by the field. Consequently opposite charges appear on the faces of the slab, near the plates, with surface charge density of magnitude σp\sigma_p. For a linear dielectric σp\sigma_p is proportional to E0E_0. Introduction of a dielectric changes the electric field, and hence, the capacitance of a capacitor, and hence, the energy stored in the capacitor. Like resistors, capacitors can also be arranged in series or in parallel or in a combination of series and parallel.
    Q.29 (i)1 mark
    Consider a capacitor of capacitance C, with plate area A and plate separation d, filled with air [Fig. (a)]. The distance between the plates is increased to 2d and one of the plates is shifted as shown in Fig. (b). The capacitance of the new system now is :

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  2. Q.29 (ii)1 mark
    A slab (area A and thickness d1d_1) of a linear dielectric of dielectric constant K is inserted between charged plates (charge density σ\sigma) of a parallel plate capacitor [plate area A and plate separation d (>d1)d\ (> d_1)] and opposite charges with charge density of magnitude σp\sigma_p appear on the faces of the slab. The dielectric constant K is given by :

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  3. Q.29 (iii)1 mark
    An electric field E is established between the plates of an air filled parallel plate capacitor, with charges Q and – Q. V is the volume of the space enclosed between the plates. The energy stored in the capacitor is :

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  4. Q.29 (iv) (a)1 mark
    Three capacitors A, B and M, each of capacitance C are connected to a capacitor N of capacitance 2C and a battery as shown in the figure. If the charges on A and N are Q and Q′Q' respectively, then Q′Q\dfrac{Q'}{Q} is :

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  5. OR

    Q.29 (iv) (b)1 mark
    A slab (area A and thickness d2\dfrac{d}{2}) of dielectric constant K is inserted in a parallel plate capacitor of plate area A and plate separation d. If C and C0C_0 are the capacitances of the capacitors with and without the dielectric, then CC0\dfrac{C}{C_0} is :

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  6. Extrinsic semiconductors are made by doping pure or intrinsic semiconductors with suitable impurity. There are two type of dopants used in doping, Si or Ge, and using them p-type and n-type semiconductors can be obtained. A p-n junction is the basic building block of many semiconductor devices. Two important processes occur during the formation of a p-n junction : diffusion and drift. When such a junction is formed, a 'depletion layer' is created consisting of immobile ion-cores. This is responsible for a junction potential barrier. The width of a depletion layer and the height of potential barrier changes when a junction is forward-biased or reverse-biased. A semiconductor diode is basically a p-n junction with metallic contacts provided at the ends for application of an external voltage. Using diodes, alternating voltages can be rectified.
    Q.30 (i)1 mark
    Which of the following is a donor impurity atom for Ge ?

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  7. Q.30 (ii)1 mark
    When a pentavalent atom occupies the position of an atom in the crystal lattice of Si, four of its electrons form covalent bonds with four silicon neighbours, while the fifth remains bound to the parent atom. The energy required to set this electron free is about :

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  8. Q.30 (iii)1 mark
    During formation of a p-n junction :

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  9. Q.30 (iv) (a)1 mark
    In reverse-biased p-n junction :

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  10. OR

    Q.30 (iv) (b)1 mark
    The output frequency of a full-wave rectifier with 50 Hz as input frequency is :

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Section E

5 marks each

  1. Q.31 (a)5 marks
    (i) Write the principle of working of an ac generator. Draw its labelled diagram and explain its working. (ii) A resistor of 400 Ω\Omega, an inductor of (5π)\left(\dfrac{5}{\pi}\right)H and a capacitor of (50π)μF\left(\dfrac{50}{\pi}\right)\mu\mathrm{F} are joined in series across an ac source v=140sin⁡(100π)tv = 140 \sin (100\pi)t V. Find the rms voltages across these three circuit elements. The algebraic sum of these voltages is more than the rms voltage of source. Explain.
  2. OR

    Q.31 (b)5 marks
    (i) Write the principle of working of a transformer. With the help of a labelled diagram, explain the working of a step-up transformer. (ii) An ideal transformer is designed to convert 50 V into 250 V. It draws 200 W power from an ac source whose instantaneous voltage is given by vi=20sin⁡(100π)tv_i = 20 \sin (100\pi)t V. Find : (I) rms value of input current. (II) expression for instantaneous output voltage. (III) expression for instantaneous output current.
  3. Q.32 (a)5 marks
    (i) Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation by a compound microscope. Obtain the expression for the total magnification of the microscope when the final image is formed at infinity. (ii) In a compound microscope, an object is placed at a distance of 1⋅51{\cdot}5 cm from the objective of focal length 1⋅251{\cdot}25 cm. The eyepiece has a focal length of 5 cm. The final image is formed at infinity. Calculate the distance between the objective and the eyepiece.
  4. OR

    Q.32 (b)5 marks
    (i) Using Huygens' principle, explain the refraction of a plane wavefront, propagating in air, at a plane interface between air and glass. Hence verify Snell's law. (ii) Use mirror formula to deduce that a convex mirror always produces a virtual image of an object kept in front of it.
  5. Q.33 (a)5 marks
    (i) The electric field in a region is given by E⃗=40x i^\vec{E} = 40x\,\hat{i} N/C. Find the amount of work done in taking a unit positive charge from a point (0, 3m) to the point (5m, 0). (ii) A charge Q is distributed over two concentric hollow spheres of radii r and R (> r) such that their surface charge densities are equal. Find : (I) the electric field, and (II) the potential at their common centre.
  6. OR

    Q.33 (b)5 marks
    (i) Obtain an expression for the electric field E⃗\vec{E} due to a dipole of dipole moment p⃗\vec{p} at a point on its equatorial plane and specify its direction. Hence, find the value of electric field : (I) at the centre of the dipole (r = 0), and (II) at a point r >> a, where 2a is the length of the dipole. (ii) An electric field E⃗=(10x+5)i^\vec{E} = (10x + 5)\hat{i} N/C exists in a region in which a cube of side L is kept as shown in the figure. Here x and L are in metres. Calculate the net flux through the cube.