Maharashtra HSC Class 12 Biology July 2025 question paper

Maximum marks 70 · Time 3 hours

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Section A

1 mark each

Q.1 (i)1 mark $The number of base pairs present around a histone octamer of nucleosome is _____ .$
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Q.1 (ii)1 mark $Which of the following is NOT a sensory nerve?$
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Q.1 (iii)1 mark $Which of the following biofertilizers is used by farmers to increase the yield of rice crop?$
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Q.1 (iv)1 mark $Connecting link between amphibians and reptiles is _____.$
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Q.1 (v)1 mark $The type of gene interaction deviating from Mendel's findings of 3 : 1 to 1 : 2 is_____.$
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Q.1 (vi)1 mark $Identify initiation codon of mRNA from the following.$
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Q.1 (vii)1 mark $Identify the type of association between orchid growing as an epiphyte on branch of mango tree.$
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Q.1 (viii)1 mark $Which of the following substances protects pollen grains from chemicals?$
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Q.1 (ix)1 mark $The part of antibody which binds with the specific antigen to form antigen-antibody complex is _____.$
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Q.1 (x)1 mark $Which genes are used for improvement of oil content and oil quality in plants?$
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Q.2 (i)1 mark $Give term for "The total genetic information encoded in sum total of genes in a Mendelian population."$
Q.2 (ii)1 mark $Name the process in which swelling of hydrophilic colloids occur due to adsorption of water.$
Q.2 (iii)1 mark $Give the term for the condition in which the number of WBCs in blood decreases below normal.$
Q.2 (iv)1 mark $What is the term, when nucleotides on DNA strands shows the following sequence of base pairs. 3'...........CTT AAG............5' 5'...........GAA TTC............3'$
Q.2 (v)1 mark $Identify 'A' from the graph given below showing species area relationship :$
Q.2 (vi)1 mark $Name the disorder in which deficiency of ADH leads to reduced water reabsorption and increase in urine output.$
Q.2 (vii)1 mark $Name the permanent birth control method in which the fallopian tube is tied and cut.$
Q.2 (viii)1 mark $Name the long term storage places of carbon in the form of rocks and fossil fuels which are away from carbon cycle.$

Section B

2 marks each · attempt any 8

Q.32 marks $Give any two reasons why breathing through nose is beneficial than through mouth.$
Q.42 marks $Mention any two molecular evidences of evolution.$
Q.52 marks $Enlist any four uses of gene therapy.$
Q.62 marks $Define the terms : (a) Explant (b) Callus$
Q.72 marks $Identify the disorders showing following symptoms : (a) Constriction of bronchioles, mucus build up in bronchioles, periodic wheezing, difficulty in breathing. (b) Inflammation of sinuses and mucous discharge.$
Q.82 marks $Define- AGR and RGR regarding plant growth.$
Q.92 marks $Draw a neat diagram of structure of root hair showing vacuole, mitochondria and nucleus.$
Q.102 marks $Enlist the types of chromosomes on the basis of position of centromere.$
Q.112 marks $Mention any four drawbacks of Darwinism.$
Q.122 marks $Write appropriate equations to represent Ammonification.$
Q.132 marks $Give any two functions of Medulla oblongata.$
Q.142 marks $Differentiate between Inspiration and Expiration with respect to position of diaphragm and working of intercostal muscles.$

Section C

3 marks each · attempt any 8

Q.153 marks $What is adolescence? Mention any four characteristics of 15 to 17 years age group.$
Q.163 marks $Identify A, B and C from the given diagram of Graafian follicle and mention their significance :$
Q.173 marks $(a) Which part of CNS produces CSF? (b) Give any four functions of CSF.$
Q.183 marks $Write the name and position of any three valves in human heart.$
Q.193 marks $Describe any three chemical defence mechanisms in plants against herbivores in population interaction.$
Q.203 marks $21^{\text{st}}$
Q.213 marks $Describe the development of male gametophyte from microspore. Draw a neat labelled diagram of male gametophyte.$
Q.223 marks $Define decomposition. Explain any four steps of decomposition in correct sequence.$
Q.233 marks $\text{K}^{+}$
Q.243 marks $Give scientific names of sugarcane varieties native of North and South India. Name the centre in India which has developed sugarcane varieties containing high sugar.$
Q.253 marks $With appropriate terms, complete the following chart and rewrite it : Sr.No. Disorder/Diseases Health Condition Recombinant Protein (s) (i) Parturition________(ii) Emphysema________(iii)________Hepatitis B vaccine$
Q.263 marks $Mention any two major types of air pollutants. Add a note on their ill effects on human health.$

Sr.No.	Disorder/Diseases Health Condition	Recombinant Protein (s)
(i)	Parturition	________
(ii)	Emphysema	________
(iii)	________	Hepatitis B vaccine

Section D

4 marks each · attempt any 3

Q.274 marks $Define endosperm. Describe types of endosperm.$
Q.284 marks $With the help of a neat labelled diagram, describe the structure of human sperm.$
Q.294 marks $Describe the transcription and processing of hnRNA to mRNA in Eukaryotes.$
Q.304 marks $What is transpiration? Draw well labelled diagram showing structure of stomatal apparatus in dicotyledons? Mention any three advantages of transpiration.$
Q.314 marks $Name any four hormones secreted by adenohypophysis and give their significance.$