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Maharashtra HSC Class 12 Chemistry February 2025 question paper

Maximum marks 70 · Time 3 hours

Try each question first, then open its model answer. Where the paper offers a choice, both questions are shown with OR between them.

Section A

1 mark each

  1. Select and write the correct answer for the following multiple choice type of questions :
    Q.1 (i)1 mark
    Schottky defect is NOT observed in _____.

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  2. Q.1 (ii)1 mark
    The freezing point of 0.1 m aqueous solution of urea, if KfK_f for water is 1.86 K kg mol−11.86\ \mathrm{K\ kg\ mol^{-1}} is _____.

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  3. Q.1 (iii)1 mark
    Ozone layer is depleted by _____.

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  4. Q.1 (iv)1 mark
    When excess of AgNO3\mathrm{AgNO_3} is added to a complex, one mole of AgCl is precipitated. The formula of complex is _____.

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  5. Q.1 (v)1 mark
    The value of Δng\Delta n_g for the oxidation of 4 mole of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide is _____.

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  6. Q.1 (vi)1 mark
    One dimensional nanostructure amongst the following is _____.

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  7. Q.1 (vii)1 mark
    Which formula co-relates degree of dissociation and concentration of electrolyte?

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  8. Q.1 (viii)1 mark
    The highest acidic compound among the following is _____. (The four options are drawn structures — see the figure.)

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  9. Q.1 (ix)1 mark
    The formula used to calculate molar conductivity of an electrolyte is _____.

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  10. Q.1 (x)1 mark
    Which of the following is a secondary amine?

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  11. Answer the following questions :
    Q.2 (i)1 mark
    Write the structural formula of N, N-dimethylethanamine.
  12. Q.2 (ii)1 mark
    Write the reagents used for the reduction of carbonyl group in Clemmensen's reduction.
  13. Q.2 (iii)1 mark
    Write the IUPAC name of isoprene.
  14. Q.2 (iv)1 mark
    The rate law equation for A→Product\mathrm{A \rightarrow Product}, is rate =k[A]x= k[A]^{x}. What is the effect of increase in concentration of 'A' on rate of reaction, if x<0x < 0?
  15. Q.2 (v)1 mark
    What is the molality of an aqueous solution of KBr having freezing point −3.72 ∘C-3.72\ \mathrm{{}^{\circ}C} (Kf(K_f for water is 1.86 K kg mol−1)1.86\ \mathrm{K\ kg\ mol^{-1}})?
  16. Q.2 (vi)1 mark
    Write the balanced chemical equation, when excess of ammonia is treated with chlorine.
  17. Q.2 (vii)1 mark
    Write the number of donor atoms present in EDTA, during formation of complex.
  18. Q.2 (viii)1 mark
    Write the names of the metal elements in brass alloy.

Section B

2 marks each · attempt any 8

  1. Q.32 marks
    Derive the relation between half life and rate constant for a first order reaction.
  2. Q.4 (a)2 marks
    State Henry's law.
  3. Q.4 (b)
    Define : Osmotic pressure
  4. Q.52 marks
    Write the differences between lanthanoids and actinoids.
  5. Q.62 marks
    Write anomalous behaviour of oxygen with respect to : (i) Atomicity (ii) Oxidation state (iii) Magnetic property (iv) Nature of hydrides.
  6. Q.7 (i)2 marks
    What is the action of liquid bromine in acetic acid on anisole?
  7. Q.7 (ii)
    What is the action of soda-lime on sodium acetate?
  8. Q.82 marks
    Calculate the work done in kJ in a reaction, if volume of the reactant decreases from 8 dm38\ \mathrm{dm^{3}} to 4 dm34\ \mathrm{dm^{3}} against 43 bar pressure. [1 dm3 bar=100 J][1\ \mathrm{dm^{3}\ bar} = 100\ \mathrm{J}]
  9. Q.92 marks
    Explain ionization isomers with suitable example in complexes.
  10. Q.102 marks
    Write preparation of glucose from sucrose.
  11. Q.112 marks
    How many coulombs of electricity is required to produce 1 g of sodium metal by reduction of sodium ion?
  12. Q.122 marks
    Write the structural formula and IUPAC name of the alcohol having molecular formula C4H10O\mathrm{C_4H_{10}O} which does not undergo oxidation under normal condition.
  13. Q.132 marks
    Identify 'A' and 'B' in the following reaction and rewrite the complete reaction : CH3−CH=CH2→PeroxideHBrA→−KBralcoholic KCNB\mathrm{CH_3{-}CH{=}CH_2 \xrightarrow[\text{Peroxide}]{HBr} A \xrightarrow[-KBr]{\text{alcoholic KCN}} B}
  14. Q.14 (i)2 marks
    Write the reaction for the preparation of : (i) acetaldehyde by Rosenmund reaction.
  15. Q.14 (ii)
    Write the reaction for the preparation of : (ii) benzaldehyde by Gatterman-Koch formylation.

Section C

3 marks each · attempt any 8

  1. Q.15 (i)3 marks
    Write the general electronic configuration of 3d series.
  2. Q.15 (ii)
    Draw the structures of sulphuric acid and thiosulphuric acid.
  3. Q.163 marks
    Define conjugate acid-base pair. The hydroxyl ion concentration in aqueous solution of NaOH is 2×10−4 mol dm−32 \times 10^{-4}\ \mathrm{mol\ dm^{-3}}. Calculate pH of the solution.
  4. Q.173 marks
    What is atom economy? Explain any two applications of nanomaterials.
  5. Q.18 (i)3 marks
    What is peptide bond? How is it formed?
  6. Q.18 (ii)
    Write the name and formula of the reagent used to convert alkyl halide to nitroalkane.
  7. Q.19 (a)3 marks
    Write the reactions for the action of following reagents on phenol : (i) Nitrating mixture (ii) Zinc dust
  8. Q.19 (b)
    What is the action of phosphorous pentachloride on ethyl methyl ether?
  9. Q.203 marks
    (a) Write the formula to calculate EAN. (b) Explain formation of [Co(NH3)6]3+\mathrm{[Co(NH_3)_6]^{3+}} complex ion with respect to : (i) Type of hybridisation (ii) Magnetic property
  10. Q.21 (a)3 marks
    Calculate spin only magnetic moment of M2+\mathrm{M^{2+}} ion. [atomic number of M = 26]
  11. Q.21 (b)
    Write condensed electronic configuration of Gadolinium [Z = 64].
  12. Q.22 (a)3 marks
    Write the reducing agents used to convert Fe2O3\mathrm{Fe_2O_3} to 'Fe' in the reduction zone of blast furnace.
  13. Q.22 (b)
    Write chemical equations involved in : (i) Carbylamine reaction for ethylamine. (ii) Hoffmann Bromamide degradation for acetamide.
  14. Q.23 (a)3 marks
    Explain Cannizzaro's reaction with the help of benzaldehyde.
  15. Q.23 (b)
    Write the reaction for the conversion of cyclohexene to adipic acid.
  16. Q.243 marks
    Define zero order reaction. A reaction takes place in two steps : (i) NO(g)+Cl2(g)→NOCl2(g)\mathrm{NO_{(g)} + Cl_{2(g)} \rightarrow NOCl_{2(g)}} (ii) NOCl2(g)+NO(g)→2NOCl(g)\mathrm{NOCl_{2(g)} + NO_{(g)} \rightarrow 2NOCl_{(g)}} Write the overall reaction and identify the reaction intermediate.
  17. Q.253 marks
    ΔH\Delta H for formation of ethane gas is −84.4-84.4 kJ at 300 K. Calculate ΔU\Delta U for the reaction.
  18. Q.263 marks
    Mention the types of polymers formed on the basis of intermolecular forces. Write any two uses of low density polyethylene.

Section D

4 marks each · attempt any 3

  1. Q.27 (a)4 marks
    An element with molar mass 27 g/mol forms a cubic unit cell with edge length 405 pm. If density of the crystal is 2.7 g cm−32.7\ \mathrm{g\ cm^{-3}}, identify the type of unit cell.
  2. Q.27 (b)
    Derive the equation of Raoult's law for binary solution containing non-volatile solute.
  3. Q.28 (a)4 marks
    State whether entropy change is positive or negative in the following examples : (i) Melting of ice (ii) Vaporisation of a liquid
  4. Q.28 (b)
    Explain 'common ion effect' with example.
  5. Q.294 marks
    Draw a neat and labelled diagram of a lead accumulator cell. Write the overall reactions taking place at cathode and anode during discharging of the cell.
  6. Q.30 (a)4 marks
    Define a unit cell. Which colour is shown by NaCl crystal due to formation of F-centre?
  7. Q.30 (b)
    Why does fluorine show anomalous behaviour in '17 group' elements?
  8. Q.31 (a)4 marks
    Write salient features of SN2S_N2 mechanism.
  9. Q.31 (b)
    What is the action of following reagents on bromomethane : (i) bromobenzene (ii) mercurous fluoride