Maharashtra HSC Class 12 Geography June 2025 question paper with answers

Q.1 (A)

1 mark each

Complete the chain according to the co-relation of factors in coloumn 'A', 'B' and 'C' :

No.	'A'	'B'	'C'
(1)	Ice covered region	(a) Capital of the country	(l) Harmful farming
(2)	Administrative city	(b) Artificial satellite	(m) Sparsely populated
(3)	Shifting agriculture	(c) Use of manpower	(n) Communication
(4)	Cottage industry	(d) Polar region	(o) Weavers
(5)	Global Positioning System (GPS)	(e) Small size of farm	(p) Tokyo

Q.1 (A) (1)1 mark

Ice covered region

Q.1 (A) (2)1 mark $Administrative city$
Q.1 (A) (3)1 mark $Shifting agriculture$
Q.1 (A) (4)1 mark $Cottage industry$
Q.1 (A) (5)1 mark $Global Positioning System (GPS)$

Q.1 (B)

1 mark each

Choose the correct option and complete the sentences.
Q.1 (B) (1)1 mark $Important component of population change :$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Q.1 (B) (2)1 mark $Land use in Rural Area :$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Q.1 (B) (3)1 mark $Characteristics of Extensive Commercial Grain Farming :$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Q.1 (B) (4)1 mark $Mineral Based Industries :$
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Q.1 (B) (5)1 mark $Tertiary Economic Activities :$
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Q.1 (C)

1 mark each

True or False :
Q.1 (C) (1)1 mark $If the proportion of working population is high, then the possibility of economic development is high.$
Q.1 (C) (2)1 mark $Tertiary occupations are non productive.$
Q.1 (C) (3)1 mark $Africa's Kalahari desert is the land of Eskimos.$
Q.1 (C) (4)1 mark $Every country has its own definition of literacy.$
Q.1 (C) (5)1 mark $Location of human settlement is not affected by physical factors.$

Q.1 (D)

1 mark each

Do as directed :
Q.1 (D) (1)1 mark $Identify the correct correlation : A : Assertion R : Reasoning A : In population pyramid a broad base indicates high number of children. R : Broad apex of pyramid is an indicator of high number of elderly.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Q.1 (D) (2)1 mark $Identify the incorrect factor : (a) Plains (b) Lakes (c) Plateaus (d) Mountains$
Q.1 (D) (3)1 mark $Arrange the following settlements according to the population in ascending order : (a) Metropolitan city (b) Suburb (c) City (d) Megacity$
Q.1 (D) (4)1 mark $Identify the correct group : (a) (i) Social Science (ii) Political Science (iii) Economics (iv) Demography (b) (i) Social Geography (ii) Political Geography (iii) Economic Geography (iv) Soil Geography (c) (i) Climatology (ii) Biology (iii) Geology (iv) Remote Sensing (d) (i) History (ii) Geomorphology (iii) Psychology (iv) Demography$
Q.1 (D) (5)1 mark $Arrange the following industries in ascending order on the basis of their capital investment. (a) Medium scale industries (b) Small scale industries (c) Large scale industries (d) Micro scale industries$

Q.2

3 marks each · attempt any 4

Give geographical reasons (Any FOUR) :
Q.2 (1)3 marks $Climate affects the distribution of population.$
Q.2 (2)3 marks $Literacy rate of a country is an indicator of its socio-economic development.$
Q.2 (3)3 marks $Mining is developed in the Chota Nagpur Plateau in India.$
Q.2 (4)3 marks $Regional development is dependent on physiography of a region.$
Q.2 (5)3 marks $The scope of geography is widening day-by-day.$
Q.2 (6)3 marks $Extensive agriculture is a commercial type of agriculture.$

Q.3

3 marks each · attempt any 3

Differentiate between (Any THREE) :
Q.3 (1)3 marks $Lumbering in Equatorial Forests and Temperate forests$
Q.3 (2)3 marks $Demographic Transition Theory Stage 1 and Stage 5$
Q.3 (3)3 marks $Waterways and Airways$
Q.3 (4)3 marks $Physical Region and Political Region$
Q.3 (5)3 marks $Determinism and Possibilism$

Q.4 (A)

1 mark each · attempt any 6

Mark and name the following on the outline map of the world with suitable index (Any SIX) :
Q.4 (A) (1)1 mark $Lowest populated continent$
Q.4 (A) (2)1 mark $A city in India: attracts a large number of immigrants : Mumbai$
Q.4 (A) (3)1 mark $A country having highest life expectancy : Japan$
Q.4 (A) (4)1 mark $Administrative City : Moscow$
Q.4 (A) (5)1 mark $London to New York Airway$
Q.4 (A) (6)1 mark $Suez Canal$
Q.4 (A) (7)1 mark $Area of commercial animal husbandry in South America : Pampas$
Q.4 (A) (8)1 mark $Industrial Region in South Africa : Kimberley Witwatersand.$

Q.4 (B)

1 mark each

Read the following map/graphs and answer the questions given below : The map is titled 'Map Reading - World Industrial Region'. Its index carries a single symbol, Industrial Region, shown as a solid shaded patch. The shaded patches are named as follows. In North America: New England and the Mid Atlantic Region. In South America: South Brazil and Argentina. In Europe: Great Britain and France. In Asia: the Siberian Region, Chota Nagpur, Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Bengaluru, and Osaka-Kobe with Kyoto. In Australia and New Zealand: Perth, Adelaide, Sydney and Auckland. The continent of Africa carries no shaded patch of any kind.
Q.4 (B) (1)1 mark $What does map indicate?$
Q.4 (B) (2)1 mark $In which continent Perth and Sydney industrial regions are located?$
Q.4 (B) (3)1 mark $Name the industrial regions in the U.S.A.$
Q.4 (B) (4)1 mark $Which continent has less industrial development?$
Q.4 (B) (5)1 mark $In which country Osaka-Kobe and Kyoto industrial regions are located?$

Q.5

4 marks each · attempt any 3

Write short notes on the following (Any THREE) :
Q.5 (1)4 marks $Land use in Rural area.$
Q.5 (2)4 marks $Factors affecting Fishing activity.$
Q.5 (3)4 marks $Importance of artificial satellites as means of communication.$
Q.5 (4)4 marks $Causes of regional imbalance in India.$
Q.5 (5)4 marks $Nature of Geography.$

Q.6 (A)

1 mark each

Read the following passage and answer the questions given below : Age Composition There are three basic determinants of age composition of a population. These includes natality (fertility), mortality and mobility. According to Clarke (1972), these three determinants of age structure are inter-dependent and any change in one of these may influence the other two. Through these variables socio-economic conditions influence the age structure. It is fertility rate that determines the proportion of population in different age categories. That is why, the countries of Latin America, Africa and Asia which are characterized by high birth rates display large proportion in young age groups. In most of the countries of these continents, about two fifth of population is below 15 years of age. In India, 36% of its population is below 15 years, according to 2001 census. By contrast, the countries with low fertility rate and longer life expectancy, have about one fourth of their population in the younger age groups. But the proportion of population in the older age groups in these countries is relatively large. Most of the countries of Northwestern Europe and North America, CIS countries, Australia and Japan belong to this category. A continuous downward trend in fertility contributes to the increase in the proportion of population in older age.
Q.6 (A) (1)1 mark $What are basic determinants of age composition?$
Q.6 (A) (2)1 mark $Which continent has large proportion of young age group?$
Q.6 (A) (3)1 mark $According to 2001 census, what is the percentage of population aged below 15 years in India?$
Q.6 (A) (4)1 mark $Which factor is responsible for increase in old age group?$

Q.6 (B)

2 marks each · attempt any 2

Draw neat, labelled diagrams (Any TWO) :
Q.6 (B) (1)2 marks $Triangular pattern of settlement.$
Q.6 (B) (2)2 marks $Classification of tertiary economic activity - communication.$
Q.6 (B) (3)2 marks $Provision of infrastructure and Stimulus to reduce regional imbalance.$

Q.7

8 marks each · attempt any 1

Answer the following questions in detail (Any ONE) :
Q.7 (1)8 marks $Explain the human factors affecting the distribution of population with suitable example.$
Q.7 (2)8 marks $Explain in detail the classification of industries based on the source of raw material.$