Maharashtra HSC Class 12 Geography June 2026 question paper with answers

Q.1 (A)

1 mark each

Complete the chain according to the co-relation of factors in column 'A', 'B' and 'C' :

S.No.	'A'	'B'	'C'
(1)	Migration	(a) Meat Processing	(h) Cottage Industry
(2)	Urban problem	(b) Communication	(i) Milk processing
(3)	Pastoral based industries	(c) Pulp processing	(j) Transportation
(4)	Tertiary economic activity	(d) Increase in slums	(k) Climatology
(5)	Physical Geography	(e) Geomorphology	(l) Forced
		(f) Voluntary	(m) Crime

Q.1 (A) (1)1 mark

Migration

Q.1 (A) (2)1 mark $Urban problem$
Q.1 (A) (3)1 mark $Pastoral based industries$
Q.1 (A) (4)1 mark $Tertiary economic activity$
Q.1 (A) (5)1 mark $Physical Geography$

Q.1 (B)

1 mark each

Choose the correct option by identifying the correct co-relation between Assertion and Reason. A : Assertion R : Reason
Q.1 (B) (1)1 mark $A : Broad based population pyramid indicates more children in the population. R : Broad apex is an indicator of high number of elders in the population.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Q.1 (B) (2)1 mark $A : Settlements are of various types. R : Various physical factors affect the development of settlements.$
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Q.1 (B) (3)1 mark $A : The humid climate of Mumbai is suitable for the development of cotton textile industries. R : Cement industries are found in large scale at Mumbai.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Q.1 (B) (4)1 mark $A : Transportation is a secondary economic activity. R : Transportation plays very important role in the development of secondary activities.$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Q.1 (B) (5)1 mark $A : Only human factors are studied in geography. R : A Geographer requires various skills.$
Tap an option to check your answer.

Q.1 (C)

1 mark each

Do as directed :
Q.1 (C) (1)1 mark $Arrange the age groups in proper descending order : (a) Child (b) Adult (c) Old (d) Young$
Q.1 (C) (2)1 mark $According to size, arrange the settlements from large to small. (a) Suburb (b) Megacity (c) City (d) Metro-city$
Q.1 (C) (3)1 mark $Arrange the industries in descending order according to the high capital investment - (a) Carpentry (b) Iron and steel industry (c) Toy making industry (d) Milk processing industry$
Q.1 (C) (4)1 mark $Identify the tertiary activity - (a) Hunting (b) Agriculture (c) Trade (d) Cotton textile industry$
Q.1 (C) (5)1 mark $Skills of a geographer - Identify incorrect factor - (a) Observation (b) Map making (c) Data Collection (d) Communication skills$

Q.1 (D)

1 mark each

State whether the following statements are True or False :
Q.1 (D) (1)1 mark $Literacy rate is an indicator of a country's development.$
Q.1 (D) (2)1 mark $Settlements can not be classified according to functions.$
Q.1 (D) (3)1 mark $Sugar industries are located near raw material producing area.$
Q.1 (D) (4)1 mark $Broken coastlines are unfavourable for the ports.$
Q.1 (D) (5)1 mark $Many policies have been implemented to reduce regional imbalance in India.$

Q.2

3 marks each · attempt any 4

Give geographical reasons (Any FOUR) :
Q.2 (1)3 marks $In developed countries, percentage of population engaged in agriculture is low.$
Q.2 (2)3 marks $In rural settlements, land use is related to agriculture.$
Q.2 (3)3 marks $Extensive agriculture is a commercial type of agriculture.$
Q.2 (4)3 marks $Distribution of industries is uneven in the world.$
Q.2 (5)3 marks $Panama Canal is known as the gateway to the Pacific.$
Q.2 (6)3 marks $Physical factors are most important for regional development.$

Q.3

3 marks each · attempt any 3

Differentiate between (Any THREE) :
Q.3 (1)3 marks $Donor region and Recipient region$
Q.3 (2)3 marks $Rural settlement and Urban settlement$
Q.3 (3)3 marks $Horticulture and Market gardening$
Q.3 (4)3 marks $Heavy industries and Light industries$
Q.3 (5)3 marks $Physical geography and Human geography$

Q.4 (A)

1 mark each · attempt any 6

Mark and name the following on the outline map of the world with suitable index (Any SIX) :
Q.4 (A) (1)1 mark $A country having highest density of population in Asia.$
Q.4 (A) (2)1 mark $Region to the South of Sahara desert having low literacy rate.$
Q.4 (A) (3)1 mark $Commercial City in the USA.$
Q.4 (A) (4)1 mark $A region in South America where animal husbandry is practised on commercial scale.$
Q.4 (A) (5)1 mark $Perth - an industrial region.$
Q.4 (A) (6)1 mark $Mumbai to London airway.$
Q.4 (A) (7)1 mark $Snow covered continent in Southern hemisphere.$
Q.4 (A) (8)1 mark $Nile river basin.$

Q.4 (B)

1 mark each

Read the following graph and answer the questions given below : The bar graph is titled 'Percentage of Population Below Poverty Line in Different Regions'. Percentage runs up the Y-axis from 0 to 50 and four regions are shown along the X-axis:
Region Percentage of population below poverty line
A 15
B 35
C 45
D 50
Q.4 (B) (1)1 mark $What has been shown in the given graph?$
Q.4 (B) (2)1 mark $How many people are below poverty line in B-region?$
Q.4 (B) (3)1 mark $In which region, highest percentage of population is below poverty line?$
Q.4 (B) (4)1 mark $Which region has lowest percentage of population below poverty line?$
Q.4 (B) (5)1 mark $Which region has 45% population below poverty line?$

Region	Percentage of population below poverty line
A	15
B	35
C	45
D	50

Q.5

4 marks each · attempt any 3

Write short notes on (Any THREE) :
Q.5 (1)4 marks $Impact of climate on population distribution.$
Q.5 (2)4 marks $Classification of industries based on ownership.$
Q.5 (3)4 marks $Water transportation.$
Q.5 (4)4 marks $Strategies to reduce regional imbalance.$
Q.5 (5)4 marks $Nature of geography.$

Q.6 (A)

1 mark each

Read the following passage and answer the questions given below : Development of the World Population The total number of people living on Earth has more than doubled since the 1950s, and continues to increase. The world population was around 7.38 billion people in 2015. A look at the development of the world population since the beginning of the Common Era shows that such a surge in numbers is unprecedented. The first significant rise in population ocurred during the 14th century, after the Black Death had killed approximately 25 million people worldwide. Subsequently, the global population increased slowly but steadily until it reached record numbers between 1950 and 2000. The majority of the global population lives on the Asian continent. In around 100 years, it is estimated that population levels on the African continent will have reached similar levels to those we see in Asia today. As for a forecast of the development of the world population, the figures are estimated to have reached more than 10 billion by the 22nd century. Growing population numbers pose an increasing risk to the planet, since rocketing numbers equal increased consumption of food and resources. Scientists worry that natural resources, such as oil, and food resources will become scarce, endangering the human race and, even more so, the world's ecosystem.
Q.6 (A) (1)1 mark $When did the first significant rise occur in the global population?$
Q.6 (A) (2)1 mark $Which continent supports the maximum population in the world?$
Q.6 (A) (3)1 mark $What would be the estimated world population by the 22nd century?$
Q.6 (A) (4)1 mark $Do you think the increasing population is a risk to the planet earth? Why?$

Q.6 (B)

2 marks each · attempt any 2

Draw neat, labelled diagrams (Any TWO) :
Q.6 (B) (1)2 marks $Types with names of the Grasslands in the world.$
Q.6 (B) (2)2 marks $Classification of industries based on output.$
Q.6 (B) (3)2 marks $Classification of Trade and Commerce as a Tertiary economic activity.$

Q.7

8 marks each · attempt any 1

Answer the following questions in detail (Any ONE) :
Q.7 (1)8 marks $Name the different types of agriculture and explain any two types of agriculture.$
Q.7 (2)8 marks $Explain the Demographic Transition Theory.$