Maharashtra HSC Class 12 Geography March 2026 question paper with answers

Q.1 (A)

1 mark each

Complete the chain according to the co-relation of factors in column 'A', 'B' and 'C' :

Q.1 (A) (1)1 mark

Making maps

Q.1 (B)

1 mark each

Choose the correct option and complete the sentences :
Q.1 (B) (1)1 mark $Tertiary activities include -$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Q.1 (B) (2)1 mark $Human factors affecting the distribution of population -$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Q.1 (B) (3)1 mark $A major crop of extensive commercial agriculture -$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Q.1 (B) (4)1 mark $Functional region -$
Tap an option to check your answer.
Q.1 (B) (5)1 mark $Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited is ______ type of establishment.$
Tap an option to check your answer.

Q.1 (C)

1 mark each

Answer the following questions as per given instructions :
Q.1 (C) (1)1 mark $Arrange the following industries in descending order based on capital investments - (a) Small scale industry (b) Micro scale industry (c) Large scale industry (d) Medium scale industry$
Q.1 (C) (2)1 mark $Identify the incorrect factor - (a) Research (b) Training (c) Hunting (d) Teaching$
Q.1 (C) (3)1 mark $Arrange the countries on the basis of their location from West to East - (a) France (b) India (c) Japan (d) U.S.A.$
Q.1 (C) (4)1 mark $Identify a country passing through the 'late expanding stage' of Demographic Transition Model / Theory - (a) Germany (b) Sweden (c) Congo (d) China$
Q.1 (C) (5)1 mark $Ideal location for fishing fields - (a) rugged coasts, shallow seas, hot climate, growth of planktons (b) shallow seas, confluence of warm and cold ocean currents, growth of planktons, cold climate (c) continental shelf, growth of planktons, good skill of fishing, warm climate (d) continental shelf, broken coasts, growth of planktons, warm climate$

Q.1 (D)

1 mark each

Write True or False :
Q.1 (D) (1)1 mark $Economic Geography is a branch of Human Geography.$
Q.1 (D) (2)1 mark $Migration is not a component of population change.$
Q.1 (D) (3)1 mark $The area between urban and rural area is called urban-rural fringe.$
Q.1 (D) (4)1 mark $Various physical and human factors influence the development of agriculture.$
Q.1 (D) (5)1 mark $Factors affecting industrial location are the same everywhere.$

Q.2

3 marks each · attempt any 4

Give geographical reasons (Any FOUR) :
Q.2 (1)3 marks $Fruit processing industries are found in Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg Districts of Konkan region.$
Q.2 (2)3 marks $Himalaya mountain region have low population.$
Q.2 (3)3 marks $Regional development is dependent on physical setting.$
Q.2 (4)3 marks $Literacy rate of a country is an indicator of its social-economic development.$
Q.2 (5)3 marks $Not all rural settlements change into urban settlements.$
Q.2 (6)3 marks $Geographical diversity is responsible for trade to occur.$

Q.3

3 marks each · attempt any 3

Differentiate between (Any THREE) :
Q.3 (1)3 marks $Donor region and Recipient region$
Q.3 (2)3 marks $Shifting Agriculture and Plantation Agriculture$
Q.3 (3)3 marks $Waterways and Airways$
Q.3 (4)3 marks $Physical Geography and Human Geography$
Q.3 (5)3 marks $Formal region and Functional region$

Q.4 (A)

1 mark each · attempt any 6

Mark and name the following on the outline map of the world with suitable index (Any SIX) :
Q.4 (A) (1)1 mark $Most populated city in India - Mumbai$
Q.4 (A) (2)1 mark $The country having highest sex-ratio in the world - Russia$
Q.4 (A) (3)1 mark $Grand Bank fishing area$
Q.4 (A) (4)1 mark $Lumbering area of Canada$
Q.4 (A) (5)1 mark $Any one industrial region in Japan$
Q.4 (A) (6)1 mark $Oil producing country in South America - Venezuela$
Q.4 (A) (7)1 mark $Major port in South Africa - Capetown$
Q.4 (A) (8)1 mark $Trans Australian Railway - route$

Q.4 (B)

1 mark each

Observe the pie-chart and answer the following : The pie-chart shows the percentage distribution of world population by continent (2019).
Continent Population (%)
Africa 16.96
Asia 59.65
North America 9.69
South America 8.40
Europe 4.75
Australia 0.55
Q.4 (B) (1)1 mark $Which continent has the highest population?$
Q.4 (B) (2)1 mark $Which continent has 9.69 percent of total population of the world?$
Q.4 (B) (3)1 mark $Which continent has the least population?$
Q.4 (B) (4)1 mark $How many percent of population is in Europe?$
Q.4 (B) (5)1 mark $Which continent is missing in this pie-chart? Why?$

Q.5

4 marks each · attempt any 3

Write notes on the following (Any THREE) :
Q.5 (1)4 marks $Reasons for migration$
Q.5 (2)4 marks $Factors affecting regional imbalance in India$
Q.5 (3)4 marks $Correlation between birth rate and death rate$
Q.5 (4)4 marks $Means of communication$
Q.5 (5)4 marks $Nature of Geography$

Q.6 (A)

1 mark each

Read the following passage and answer the questions given below : More than 3,500 years back, the city of Knossos on the island of Crete was the main centre town of the Minuan civilization. By 500 BC, Greece had become one of the most highly urbanized areas on the Earth. The Greeks established over 500 cities and small towns on the main lands as well as on the islands. Athens and Sparta were the leading cities of Greece. Athens may have been the largest city in the world at the time, with an estimated 2,50,000 inhabitants. The Greek cities were the centres of religion and power but also served as economic nodes. Cities were the main market places and bases from which wealthy merchants, land and livestock owners and traders operated. As educational centres, residents of cities included teachers and philosophers. They also had handicrafts industries that attracted the best crafts people and investors. In all of these roles, ancient cities were the anchors of cultural society; the focal points of power, authority and change.
Q.6 (A) (1)1 mark $Which was the largest city in the world during Greek period?$
Q.6 (A) (2)1 mark $State the role of Greek cities.$
Q.6 (A) (3)1 mark $What was the estimated population of Athens city?$
Q.6 (A) (4)1 mark $Which amenities and services were available in ancient Greek cities?$

Q.6 (B)

2 marks each · attempt any 2

Draw neat, labelled diagrams (Any TWO) :
Q.6 (B) (1)2 marks $Linear Settlement$
Q.6 (B) (2)2 marks $Provision of public goods / services to reduce regional imbalance$
Q.6 (B) (3)2 marks $Branches of Human Geography$

Q.7

8 marks each · attempt any 1

Answer the following questions in detail (Any ONE) :
Q.7 (1)8 marks $Explain the characteristics of extensive commercial grain farming with its distribution.$
Q.7 (2)8 marks $Explain the factors affecting the location of industries.$