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Maharashtra HSC Class 12 Physics June 2025 question paper

Maximum marks 70 · Time 3 hours

Try each question first, then open its model answer. Where the paper offers a choice, both questions are shown with OR between them.

Section A

1 mark each

  1. Q.1 (i)1 mark
    For which of the following bodies, the principle of perpendicular axes is applicable?

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  2. Q.1 (ii)1 mark
    Which of the following equation represents a simple harmonic progressive wave travelling along the negative X-direction?

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  3. Q.1 (iii)1 mark
    In a cyclotron final kinetic energy of a particle revolving in a circular path of radius RexitR_{\text{exit}} is :

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  4. Q.1 (iv)1 mark
    For which of the following metals, photoelectric effect is possible for visible radiation?

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  5. Q.1 (v)1 mark
    The gyromagnetic ratio of electron is _______.

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  6. Q.1 (vi)1 mark
    Two capillary tubes of radii 0.3 cm and 0.6 cm are dipped in the same liquid, the ratio of heights to which the liquid will rise in the tubes is _____.

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  7. Q.1 (vii)1 mark
    Kirchhoff's Voltage Law applied to a loop deals with the conservation of _____.

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  8. Q.1 (viii)1 mark
    How many times the intensity of an unpolarized light wave reduces after passing through a polarizer?

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  9. Q.1 (ix)1 mark
    If pressure of gas contained in a closed vessel is increased by 0.4% when heated by 1°C, its initial temperature must be _____.

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  10. Q.1 (x)1 mark
    The wavelength and power of the incident light is 4000 Å and 0.1W respectively. The number of incident photons is _____.

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  11. Answer the following questions :
    Q.2 (i)1 mark
    What is the velocity of a particle performing linear SHM, at extreme position?
  12. Q.2 (ii)1 mark
    What happens to the ferromagnetic substance when it is heated above Curie temperature?
  13. Q.2 (iii)1 mark
    What is the coefficient of transmission for athermanous materials?
  14. Q.2 (iv)1 mark
    In a photodiode, on which property the dark current depends?
  15. Q.2 (v)1 mark
    Define mutual inductance.
  16. Q.2 (vi)1 mark
    What is magnetization?
  17. Q.2 (vii)1 mark
    A metal ring of radius 20 cm is rotating about a transverse axis passing through its centre. What will be its radius of gyration about the same axis?
  18. Q.2 (viii)1 mark
    In a hydraulic lift, area of pistons are A1A_1 and A2A_2 respectively (A2≫A1)(A_2 \gg A_1). If force F1F_1 is applied on piston 1, then what is the force exerted on piston 2?

Section B

2 marks each · attempt any 8

  1. Q.32 marks
    Obtain an expression for moment of inertia of a uniform disc of mass 'M' and radius 'R' rotating about an axis passing through its centre and perpendicular to its plane.
  2. Q.42 marks
    What is the effect of impurities on surface tension of a liquid?
  3. Q.52 marks
    Explain the thermodynamics of adiabatic process to obtain adiabatic constant for rigid diatomic molecule of a gas?
  4. Q.62 marks
    Draw a neat labelled diagram of variation of kinetic energy and potential energy with displacement in S.H.M.
  5. Q.72 marks
    Assuming an equation of magnetic force due to arbitrarily shaped wire, obtain an expression for force on a closed circuit in a uniform magnetic field.
  6. Q.82 marks
    Distinguish between diamagnetic and paramagnetic substances.
  7. Q.92 marks
    State Faraday's laws in electromagnetic induction.
  8. Q.102 marks
    In a purely resistive circuit a source of e.m.f. having e=140sin⁡(3142t)e = 140\sin(3142t) is connected across a pure resistor. If value of rms current is 1.98A, calculate the value of resistance.
  9. Q.112 marks
    The differential equation of linear S.H.M. in SI units is d2xdt2=−36x\dfrac{d^{2}x}{dt^{2}} = -36x. Calculate its frequency and periodic time.
  10. Q.122 marks
    Two tuning forks having frequencies 160 Hz and 170 Hz are sounded together to produce sound waves. The velocity of sound in air is 326.4 ms−1326.4\ \text{ms}^{-1}. Calculate the difference between wavelengths of these waves.
  11. Q.132 marks
    What must be the ratio of the slit width to the wavelength for a single slit to have the first diffraction minimum at 45°?
  12. Q.142 marks
    A potential gradient of a wire is 0.5V/m. If the e.m.f. of a cell balances against 216 cm of this potentiometer wire, calculate e.m.f. of the cell.

Section C

3 marks each · attempt any 8

  1. Q.153 marks
    Obtain an expression for torque acting on a rigid body rotating with constant angular acceleration.
  2. Q.163 marks
    Define the terms – (a) Cohesive force (b) Range of molecular force (c) Sphere of influence
  3. Q.173 marks
    Show that only odd harmonics are present in the vibrations of air column in a pipe closed at one end.
  4. Q.183 marks
    Obtain an expression for the electric intensity at a point outside a uniformly charged spherical shell.
  5. Q.193 marks
    With the help of neat labelled circuit diagram explain the use of metre bridge to determine unknown resistance.
  6. Q.203 marks
    Derive an expression for the magnetic field produced at the centre of a circular arc of a wire carrying current I.
  7. Q.213 marks
    Derive the decay law of radioactivity and state SI unit of 'activity.'
  8. Q.223 marks
    Find the shortest and longest wavelengths in the Lyman series of hydrogen atom.
  9. Q.233 marks
    The de-Broglie wavelengths associated with an electron and proton are same. Calculate the ratio of their momentum and kinetic energies.
  10. Q.243 marks
    A parallel plate capacitor is maintained at potential of 400V. If area of plates is 40 cm240\ \text{cm}^{2} and separation between plates is 40 mm, calculate displacement current in 1μs1\mu s.
  11. Q.253 marks
    A 120 watt filament lamp loses all its energy by radiation from its surface. The emissivity of the surface is 0.6. The area of the surface is 3.53×10−3m23.53 \times 10^{-3}\text{m}^{2}. Calculate the temperature of the filament.
  12. Q.263 marks
    A Carnot engine receives 4000J of heat from a reservoir at 500K, does some work, rejects 2000J heat to reservoir at 200K. (a) How much work does it do? (b) What is its efficiency?

Section D

4 marks each · attempt any 3

  1. Q.274 marks
    Define isothermal process. Obtain an expression for work done during isothermal process. Draw P–V diagram.
  2. Q.284 marks
    Using phasor diagram for a series LCR circuit, obtain an expression for impedance. Define admittance.
  3. Q.294 marks
    Obtain an expression for motional e.m.f. in a rotating bar with constant angular velocity ω\omega in uniform magnetic field perpendicular to plane of rotation. The mutual inductance (M) of the two coils is 1.5H. The self inductances of the coils are 5H and 4H. Calculate the coefficient of coupling between the coils.
  4. Q.304 marks
    Define logic gate and explain why NOT gate is called an inverter. The transistor is in the common emitter configuration. Its DC current gain is 50. If collector current is 3mA, calculate the base current.
  5. Q.314 marks
    State the four conditions for obtaining well defined and steady interference pattern. Light incident at angle 52.5° on a bucket filled with water be completely polarised after reflection. Calculate the refractive index of the water.