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MHT-CET Chemistry · Formula sheet

Green Chemistry and Nanochemistry formulas

1 formula, 4 reference tables and 4 common traps for MHT-CET Chemistry Green Chemistry and Nanochemistry, grouped by subtopic.

Full notes with worked examples

Green Chemistry: the Principles, Atom Economy and Safer Solvents

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Percentage Atom Economy

Atom economy

% atom economy=Mdesired product∑Mreactants×100\%\ \text{atom economy} = \dfrac{M_{\text{desired product}}}{\sum M_{\text{reactants}}} \times 100

The Principles of Green Chemistry

StatementVerdict
Maximum use of auxiliary substancesNot a principleQ
Protection and deprotection is good practiceNot true — reduce derivativesQ
Good atom economy = few reactant atoms in the productNot true — it means mostQ
Plant-based chemicalsUse of renewable feedstocksQ
Avoid protecting a groupReduce derivativesQ
Adipic acid by enzymes (Draths and Frost)From glucoseQ

Green Solvents and Plant-Derived Compounds

QuestionAnswer
Solvent that reduces pollutionWaterQ
Solvent to avoid waste and air pollutionH₂OQ
A green solventSupercritical CO₂Q
Source of analgesic and antimicrobial compoundsCloveQ
Medicinal property of curcuminAntisepticQ

Common traps

Blaming two gases when one explains everything

Milky lime water, green dichromate and low pH are all caused by SO₂. CO₂ cannot turn dichromate green, so 'both' is not needed — the 2021 key is SO₂.

Leaving a reactant out of the sum

Every reactant counts, including the reagent that ends up in the by-product. For ethanol from chloroethane and KOH the denominator is 64.5 + 56 = 120.5, giving 38.17%. (The 2025 paper prints '6 g KOH', a misprint for 56.)

Nanochemistry: Dimensions, Sol–Gel Synthesis and Characterisation

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Classifying Nanostructures by Dimension

DimensionExamples
0-DQuantum dots, nanoparticles, nano-ringsQ
1-DNanowires, nanotubes, nanorodsQ
2-DThin films, coatingsQ
Largest of water, glucose, virus, bacteriaBacteriaQ
Removes E. coli from waterSilver nanoparticlesQ

Sol–Gel Synthesis and the Characterisation Techniques

QuestionAnswer
Order of the sol–gel reactionsHydrolysis, then polycondensationQ
Last step of wet chemical synthesisDehydrationQ
Preliminary confirmationUV-visible spectroscopyQ
Information from FTIRFunctional-group absorptionQ
Binding natureFTIRQ
Particle sizeTEMQ

Common traps

Nano-rings as one-dimensional

A ring looks like a bent wire, but the textbook lists nano-rings with quantum dots as zero-dimensional.

Drying as the last step

Drying of the gel comes before the final dehydration, which is the last step the paper asks for.

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