CDS English · Teaching notes
Reading Comprehension — CDS English
Reading Comprehension has 288 past-year questions in CDS English, in all 20 sittings from 2017 to 2026. Most are passage items: find the line a question points to, then pick the option that says it in other words without changing the claim. Since 2024 (I) every paper has also carried a newer format, two sentences S1 and S2 and a question about how they relate, with no passage at all; it has 50 questions so far and its own method on the last two pages. The early pages build the reading habit that every later page relies on.
Every subtopic, worked example, formula and trap in one printable document — answers shown, ready to share.
Subtopic notes
Reading a CDS Passage: Finding the Line
20 PYQsMost passage questions are answered by one line of the passage. Read the passage once for its plan, then let each question send you back to the right line.
What Is X? Why Did Y? Questions with a Fixed Home
30 PYQsA definition question is answered by the words placed beside the term. A reason question is answered by the words joined to the event by a cause word such as because, for or so.
Paraphrase, Repeated Words and Extreme Options
28 PYQsThe right option says the passage's line in other words. Wrong options reuse the passage's words but change the claim, push it to an extreme, or add what the passage never says.
Meaning of a Word or Phrase in the Passage
31 PYQsA word question asks what the word means in this passage, not in the dictionary. The sentence around it gives the clue: put each option back into the sentence and keep the one that fits.
Find the Word, Its Opposite and Its Form
22 PYQsSome word questions turn the task around: they give a meaning and ask which passage word carries it, or ask for a word's opposite or another form of it. Test each option in its own sentence before you choose.
What a phrase, image or sentence means here
18 PYQsSome questions quote words from the passage and ask what they mean. The answer is the plain meaning those words have in this passage, not a dictionary meaning and not the picture taken literally.
Inference: what the passage must mean
29 PYQsAn inference question asks for a point the passage does not state in so many words but clearly means. The answer must follow from a line; an option that only could be true is wrong.
Why-questions: the reason the passage gives
28 PYQsA why-question, or a stem ending in 'because', asks for the reason the passage gives. Find the line that carries the reason, then pick the option that says it in other words.
The whole passage: main idea, view, purpose and tone
32 PYQsThese questions ask about the passage as a whole: what it is about, what the writer thinks, why a detail is there, and how the writer sounds.
Sentence pairs: confirm, contrast, contradict or qualify
20 PYQsTwo sentences, S1 and S2, are given. You decide how the second relates to the first: it confirms it, contrasts with it, contradicts it, or qualifies it.
Sentence pairs: premise, extension, push-back, degree and word use
30 PYQsSome sentence-pair items use a wider set of labels: premise, precursor, extends, analogy, fully or partly consistent. Another kind asks whether an underlined word is used rightly in each of two sentences.
Formula & revision sheet
0 formulas · 3 reference tables · 111 gotchas across all subtopics — the exam-eve cheat-sheet
Formula & revision sheet
0 formulas · 3 reference tables · 111 gotchas across all subtopics — the exam-eve cheat-sheet
Reading a CDS Passage: Finding the Line
Watch out for (10)
- Answering from memory→ Map the passage first: openings, signposts, closings
- Skipping a short paragraph when counting→ Map the passage first: openings, signposts, closings
- Reading the options before the passage→ Map the passage first: openings, signposts, closings
- Counting sentences instead of following the signpost→ Map the passage first: openings, signposts, closings
- Stopping at the anchor clause→ Scan for the anchor word, then read the whole sentence
- Missing a synonym anchor→ Scan for the anchor word, then read the whole sentence
- Anchoring on a common word→ Scan for the anchor word, then read the whole sentence
- The owner who seems natural→ Names, numbers and lists: tie each detail to its owner
- Reading BC dates as 'years ago'→ Names, numbers and lists: tie each detail to its owner
- Changing a number or a time→ Names, numbers and lists: tie each detail to its owner
What Is X? Why Did Y? Questions with a Fixed Home
Watch out for (11)
- Taking the phrase that comes next→ A 'What is X?' question: the definition sits beside the term
- Reading the term's words literally→ A 'What is X?' question: the definition sits beside the term
- General knowledge in place of the passage's meaning→ A 'What is X?' question: the definition sits beside the term
- Not testing the example against the definition→ A 'What is X?' question: the definition sits beside the term
- A noble motive the passage does not give→ Reason questions: find the cause signal in the passage
- Looking after the event when the reason is before it→ Reason questions: find the cause signal in the passage
- An option that adds a cause→ Reason questions: find the cause signal in the passage
- What people did, offered as why it happened→ A true fact is not the reason: cause versus consequence
- What a thing does for us, offered as why it is called essential→ A true fact is not the reason: cause versus consequence
- A consequence offered as the thing itself→ A true fact is not the reason: cause versus consequence
- Two causes named together, read as cause and result→ A true fact is not the reason: cause versus consequence
Paraphrase, Repeated Words and Extreme Options
Watch out for (13)
- Choosing the option with the most passage words→ The right option says the line in other words
- Moving the meaning to the wrong thing→ The right option says the line in other words
- A middle option that sounds balanced→ The right option says the line in other words
- Import and export→ Same words, changed claim: check what the option asserts
- One word made wider or turned around→ Same words, changed claim: check what the option asserts
- Turning an idea the passage denies into the answer→ Same words, changed claim: check what the option asserts
- Right words, wrong object→ Same words, changed claim: check what the option asserts
- A light meal is not no meal→ Extreme words: only, completely, already, all
- 'Already' borrowed from another clause→ Extreme words: only, completely, already, all
- 'Only' when the passage names both→ Extreme words: only, completely, already, all
- Forgetting the NOT halfway→ NOT, EXCEPT, statement sets and 'not stated'
- 'All of the above' with one unstated item→ NOT, EXCEPT, statement sets and 'not stated'
- A statement that reverses the cause→ NOT, EXCEPT, statement sets and 'not stated'
Meaning of a Word or Phrase in the Passage
Reference tables (1)
Passage words CDS has tested53 rows
| Word or phrase | Meaning in the passage | Tested as | Sitting |
|---|---|---|---|
| wearily | in a tired, exhausted way | Meaning; trap: tireless | 2017 (I) |
| intrigued | fascinated, wanting to know more | Meaning; near miss: surprised | 2017 (II) |
| overwhelming | very strong | Meaning | 2017 (I) |
| struck dumb | so shocked that he could not speak | Meaning of the phrase | 2017 (I) |
| puny | tiny, weak | Meaning; traps: brave, daring | 2024 (I) |
| uncomprehendingly | without understanding | Meaning | 2021 (I) |
| erudite | very learned, scholarly | Antonym: ill-educated | 2021 (II) 'Learned' sat among the options: it is a synonym, not the antonym. |
| dilettantes | people who dabble in an art without real interest | Meaning | 2024 (II) |
| prejudice | bias, an opinion formed in advance | Passage word for 'bias' | 2021 (I) |
| immanent | existing within, inherent | Meaning; trap: inevitable | 2026 (I) Not imminent (about to happen). |
| culture (of potatoes) | growing plants, cultivation | Sense; traps: the arts, shared values | 2026 (II) |
| suffrage | the right to vote | Meaning; trap: suffering | 2026 (II) |
| canonical | accepted as important and influential | Meaning; trap: war literature | 2026 (II) Canon (accepted works) is not cannon (a gun). |
| constituent | a part, a component | Meaning; traps: constellation, consternation | 2022 (I) |
| grassroots | ordinary people at the local level | Meaning; trap: root cause | 2026 (II) |
| quotidian | day-to-day, ordinary | Meaning | 2022 (II) |
| marginalised | pushed to the edge of society, ignored | Meaning of the sentence | 2017 (II) |
| evade the law | avoid obeying the law | Meaning of the phrase | 2018 (I) |
| litigations | lawsuits, court cases | Passage word for 'lawsuit' | 2019 (II) |
| resistance | opposition, defiance | Meaning; trap: conforming | 2023 (II) |
| resistant | refusing to give way | Antonym: pliant | 2026 (II) 'Defiant' sat among the options: it is a synonym. |
| hegemon | a power that dominates others | Meaning of 'would not become a hegemon' | 2022 (II) |
| strategic foothold | a planned point of access and influence | Meaning of the phrase | 2022 (II) |
| the Orient and the Occident | the East and the West | Meaning, in order | 2018 (I) |
| diverse combinatory prowess | skill at joining different elements into one working system | Meaning of the phrase | 2023 (II) |
| protocol | a formal set of rules for doing something | Meaning | 2022 (II) |
| pent-up demand | spending held back now, to be released later | Meaning of the term | 2021 (II) |
| pass through | passing higher costs on to buyers | Meaning of the term | 2022 (II) |
| unanchoring (of inflation) | inflation breaking loose and running out of control | Meaning of the term | 2022 (II) |
| carbon sink | something that takes in more carbon than it gives out | Meaning of the term | 2022 (II) |
| clogging | blocking | Meaning; traps: flow, clearing | 2023 (I) |
| deforestation | clearing of forests | Name of the effect | 2017 (I) |
| prevalence | how common something is | Passage word to fill a blank | 2018 (II) |
| diluted | weakened | Antonym: consolidated | 2018 (I) |
| new and advanced technology | the Industrial Revolution | What the phrase refers to | 2019 (I) |
| emerged | came up, surfaced | Passage word for 'surfaced' | 2019 (II) |
| transitioned | changed over | Passage word for 'changeover' | 2020 (I) |
| previously | earlier | Passage word for 'earlier' | 2018 (II) |
| trend | a general direction, a tendency | Passage word for 'tendency' | 2019 (II) |
| customized | adapted to a need | Meaning; trap: mass produced | 2019 (II) |
| demolition | destruction | Meaning | 2018 (II) |
| league up | band together | Meaning of the phrase | 2022 (I) |
| give promise of good hunting | show yourself an easy target | Meaning of the phrase | 2018 (II) |
| predator, marauding | predator: an animal that hunts others; marauding: roaming to attack | Pair of passage words for enemies | 2018 (I) |
| square with | agree with | Meaning, with the sentence's 'not' | 2022 (II) |
| perspectives | viewpoints | Passage word for 'viewpoints' | 2020 (I) |
| distinctive | special, setting something apart | Passage word for 'unique' | 2020 (II) |
| analogy | a comparison that shows likeness | Opposite of 'contrast' | 2020 (II) |
| deterministic relationship | events caused by forces outside the will | Term for a definition | 2024 (II) |
| components, dimensions | parts | Opposite of 'whole' | 2024 (I) |
| terraced | cut into steps; adjective from the noun terrace | Word form | 2026 (II) |
| settled | verb form of settle that also works as an adjective | Word form | 2026 (II) |
| subversive | undermining authority; noun form: subversion | Noun form | 2026 (II) Subvention (a grant of money) only looks like it. |
Grouped by theme. The traps named in the third column are the options set against each word.
Watch out for (18)
- Picking the opposite→ Read the sentence, then put each option back in
- The near miss→ Read the sentence, then put each option back in
- Deciding from the picture, not the sentence→ Read the sentence, then put each option back in
- Immanent read as imminent→ The passage picks the sense; look-alike words are traps
- Suffrage read as suffering→ The passage picks the sense; look-alike words are traps
- Canonical read as cannon→ The passage picks the sense; look-alike words are traps
- A compound taken literally→ The passage picks the sense; look-alike words are traps
- Losing the sentence's 'not'→ Idioms and figurative phrases: read the picture, keep the sentence's 'not'
- Reading the picture literally→ Idioms and figurative phrases: read the picture, keep the sentence's 'not'
- An option that adds a detail→ Idioms and figurative phrases: read the picture, keep the sentence's 'not'
- Choosing the reverse of an idiom→ Idioms and figurative phrases: read the picture, keep the sentence's 'not'
- Right pair, wrong order→ Terms and references: what the phrase points to in this passage
- A result offered as the meaning→ Terms and references: what the phrase points to in this passage
- Forgetting who passes what to whom→ Terms and references: what the phrase points to in this passage
- A term that needs a little history→ Terms and references: what the phrase points to in this passage
- Learning one sense only→ Passage words CDS has tested
- The synonym in an antonym question→ Passage words CDS has tested
- A look-alike in the options→ Passage words CDS has tested
Find the Word, Its Opposite and Its Form
Watch out for (10)
- A related word, not a synonym→ Find the passage word: test each option in its own sentence
- The wrong part of speech→ Find the passage word: test each option in its own sentence
- The general word for the exact one→ Find the passage word: test each option in its own sentence
- The synonym among the options→ Antonyms in context: fix the meaning first, then reverse it
- A near-synonym that sounds negative→ Antonyms in context: fix the meaning first, then reverse it
- Missing the opposite of an idea→ Antonyms in context: fix the meaning first, then reverse it
- Half a pair→ Antonyms in context: fix the meaning first, then reverse it
- A look-alike that is another word→ Word forms: noun, verb, adjective from one root
- Taking the -ing form as the noun→ Word forms: noun, verb, adjective from one root
- Dropping the un-→ Word forms: noun, verb, adjective from one root
What a phrase, image or sentence means here
Watch out for (7)
- Taking the nearest noun without testing it→ What a phrase points back to
- Adding what the writer says is still missing→ What a phrase points back to
- Reading the picture literally→ Turn the image into plain words
- Answering about the first half of an analogy→ Turn the image into plain words
- Stopping at the quoted sentence→ Restate the sentence from the lines around it
- Picking the view the passage rejects→ Restate the sentence from the lines around it
- Choosing the option with the most passage words→ Restate the sentence from the lines around it
Inference: what the passage must mean
Watch out for (6)
- True in life, but not in the passage→ Must be true, not could be true
- Two steps away→ Must be true, not could be true
- Missing the 'not' in the stem→ Cut the option that goes beyond the passage
- The softer word quietly changed→ Cut the option that goes beyond the passage
- Judging the statements as a group→ Numbered statements and true/not-true: test each one
- A true fact that is not the reason→ Numbered statements and true/not-true: test each one
Why-questions: the reason the passage gives
Watch out for (7)
- The common-sense reason→ Find the because-line, then match its paraphrase
- Cause and result swapped→ Find the because-line, then match its paraphrase
- Taking two steps→ The reason one step from the line
- Flipping the condition→ The reason one step from the line
- Taking a character's words at face value→ The real reason, not a true side-fact
- Half the reason→ The real reason, not a true side-fact
- The view the writer sets aside→ The real reason, not a true side-fact
The whole passage: main idea, view, purpose and tone
Reference tables (1)
Tone and attitude words27 rows
| Word | Meaning | Signs in the passage | Tested as | Sitting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| objective | fair and factual, not swayed by feeling | facts and balanced wording, no 'I feel' | Answer, as 'objective and critical'; wrong option, as 'objective but querulous' | 2017 (II) |
| critical | points out faults or harms | judgement words: defect, folly, harm, misuse | Answer; also a wrong option | 2017 (II), 2022 (I), 2023 (I) |
| querulous | complaining, whining | grumbling and self-pity | Wrong option | 2017 (II) |
| impassioned | full of strong feeling | exclamations, emotional appeals | Wrong option | 2017 (II) |
| argumentative | quarrelsome; arguing for its own sake | attacks on other people's views | Wrong option | 2017 (II) |
| descriptive | paints a scene or says how something looks | sense details, little or no judgement | Wrong option | 2017 (II), 2023 (I) |
| sombre | grave and serious | a heavy problem discussed with weight, no lightness | Answer | 2018 (I) |
| humorous | funny | jokes, comic exaggeration | Wrong option | 2018 (I) |
| didactic | preaching; teaching a moral lesson | 'we must', 'one ought to', a lesson for the reader | Wrong option | 2018 (I) |
| tragic | about great suffering, usually a story of loss or death | a downfall or a death told as a story | Wrong option | 2018 (I) |
| optimism | hope that things will get better | recovering, improving, a positive outlook | Answer | 2021 (II) |
| pessimism | expecting the worst | decline, gloom, nothing will work | Wrong option | 2021 (II) |
| fatalism | belief that events are fixed and cannot be changed | fate, 'it was bound to happen' | Wrong option | 2021 (II) |
| defeatism | giving up before trying | 'there is no point', surrender | Wrong option | 2021 (II) |
| informational | gives facts and explains, takes no side | definitions, how something works | Answer; also a wrong option | 2022 (I), 2023 (I) |
| satirical | mocks something to criticise it | praise that is really a jab, mock-serious wording | Wrong option | 2022 (I) |
| analytical | breaks a problem into parts and examines each | causes, effects, first and second points | Wrong option | 2022 (I) |
| demonstrative | showing feelings openly | open displays of emotion | Wrong option | 2023 (I) |
| nervous | anxious and uneasy | pounding heart, dry mouth, frozen in place | Answer, for a character | 2017 (I) |
| cautious | careful to avoid risk | checking, waiting, moving slowly on purpose | Wrong option, for a character | 2017 (I) |
| imaginative | full of new ideas and pictures | fancies and inventions | Wrong option, for a character | 2017 (I) |
| observant | quick to notice things | small details noticed and named | Wrong option, for a character | 2017 (I) |
| calm and courageous | steady and brave | acting steadily in danger | Answer, for a character | 2017 (I) |
| cunning and crafty | sly and tricky | tricks and deceit | Wrong option, for a character | 2017 (I) |
| noisy and dangerous | loud and a threat to others | shouting, harming others | Wrong option, for a character | 2017 (I) |
| active and jumpy | restless and easily startled | sudden starts and fidgeting | Wrong option, for a character | 2017 (I) |
| concrete jungle | a crowded city of buildings that replaced fields and forests | a phrase that shows regret for lost nature | Attitude: regret | 2017 (I) |
Decide first whether the writer takes a side, then which feeling. The topic alone never decides the tone.
Watch out for (9)
- Choosing the vivid example→ The main-idea test: it covers the whole passage
- A verb stronger than the writer→ The main-idea test: it covers the whole passage
- A reported view taken as the author's→ The author's view and advice
- Absolute options→ The author's view and advice
- Answering about the example, not the claim→ Why the author mentions it: example, irony, device
- Irony is not just bad luck→ Why the author mentions it: example, irony, device
- The topic is not the tone→ Tone and attitude words
- Critical or informational?→ Tone and attitude words
- Extreme words→ Tone and attitude words
Sentence pairs: confirm, contrast, contradict or qualify
Watch out for (8)
- Feeling opposite is not contradiction→ Contradict or contrast: can both be true?
- An expected effect, then the opposite result→ Contradict or contrast: can both be true?
- New names for the same relation→ Contradict or contrast: can both be true?
- 'However' does not mean contradict→ Qualify: S2 limits S1 without denying it
- Hedged claim or absolute claim?→ Qualify: S2 limits S1 without denying it
- Qualify or contrast?→ Qualify: S2 limits S1 without denying it
- Same topic is not confirmation→ Confirm: S2 is evidence for S1
- Support with a limit→ Confirm: S2 is evidence for S1
Sentence pairs: premise, extension, push-back, degree and word use
Reference tables (1)
Building on S1: expands, extends, analogy, restates9 rows
| Label | What S2 does | Quick test | Sitting |
|---|---|---|---|
| expands the first | adds detail inside S1's topic, or widens it to a related area | S1, and more about it: S2 | 2024 (I), 2025 (I) |
| extends the first | carries S1's process or story to its next stage | S1; next, S2 | 2025 (I) |
| develops an axiom based on the first | turns S1's general rule into a rule for one field | S1 in general; so in this field, S2 | 2024 (I) |
| provides an analogy for the first | gives a parallel case that works the same way | just as S1, so S2 | 2024 (I) |
| provides additional information | adds a separate fact of the same kind beside S1 | S1. Also, S2. Each stands alone. | 2025 (II) |
| reiterates the axiom stated in the first | says the same idea again, often in more general words | S1; that is, S2 | 2025 (II) |
| provides a metaphorical reassertion of the first | S1 is a saying or an image; S2 says the same thing without the picture | S1 is a picture; S2 is its plain meaning | 2025 (I) |
| explains / explicates the first (often a wrong option) | gives the reason behind S1 or how it works | S1, and here is why: S2 | 2024 (I), 2025 (I) |
| coincides with the first (often a wrong option) | is the very same statement, or happens at the same moment | S1 and S2 are one fact | 2025 (I) |
First rule out push-back, then ask what S2 adds: detail, next stage, rule for a field, parallel case, separate fact, or the same idea again.
Watch out for (12)
- Reversing the direction→ Premise, reason, precursor, consequence: which came first
- An opposition label when nothing is denied→ Premise, reason, precursor, consequence: which came first
- Extends or expands?→ Building on S1: expands, extends, analogy, restates
- Additional information is not confirmation→ Building on S1: expands, extends, analogy, restates
- Reasserting a saying is not explaining it→ Building on S1: expands, extends, analogy, restates
- New labels, same test→ Pushing back: contradicts, contrasts, limits, qualifies
- Two 'but' sentences are not a contradiction→ Pushing back: contradicts, contrasts, limits, qualifies
- Ignoring the strength word→ Degree words: fully, to an extent, reinforces, correlates
- Correlates is not confirms→ Degree words: fully, to an extent, reinforces, correlates
- Letting one sentence decide the other→ Is the underlined word right? Judge each sentence alone
- Will with I and we is not wrong→ Is the underlined word right? Judge each sentence alone
- Judging words that are not underlined→ Is the underlined word right? Judge each sentence alone
PYQ weightage by concept
39 concepts · 288 PYQs — where the marks actually sit, so you know what to drill first
PYQ weightage by concept
39 concepts · 288 PYQs — where the marks actually sit, so you know what to drill first
Reading a CDS Passage: Finding the Line20 PYQs · 7%
| Concept | PYQs | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Scan for the anchor word, then read the whole sentence | 11 | 4% |
| Names, numbers and lists: tie each detail to its owner | 7 | 2% |
| Map the passage first: openings, signposts, closings | 2 | 1% |
What Is X? Why Did Y? Questions with a Fixed Home30 PYQs · 10%
| Concept | PYQs | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Reason questions: find the cause signal in the passage | 16 | 6% |
| A 'What is X?' question: the definition sits beside the term | 8 | 3% |
| A true fact is not the reason: cause versus consequence | 6 | 2% |
Paraphrase, Repeated Words and Extreme Options28 PYQs · 10%
| Concept | PYQs | Share |
|---|---|---|
| The right option says the line in other words | 9 | 3% |
| Same words, changed claim: check what the option asserts | 9 | 3% |
| NOT, EXCEPT, statement sets and 'not stated' | 6 | 2% |
| Extreme words: only, completely, already, all | 4 | 1% |
Meaning of a Word or Phrase in the Passage31 PYQs · 11%
| Concept | PYQs | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Terms and references: what the phrase points to in this passage | 8 | 3% |
| Idioms and figurative phrases: read the picture, keep the sentence's 'not' | 7 | 2% |
| Read the sentence, then put each option back in | 6 | 2% |
| The passage picks the sense; look-alike words are traps | 6 | 2% |
| Passage words CDS has tested | 4 | 1% |
Find the Word, Its Opposite and Its Form22 PYQs · 8%
| Concept | PYQs | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Find the passage word: test each option in its own sentence | 13 | 5% |
| Antonyms in context: fix the meaning first, then reverse it | 5 | 2% |
| Word forms: noun, verb, adjective from one root | 4 | 1% |
What a phrase, image or sentence means here18 PYQs · 6%
| Concept | PYQs | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Restate the sentence from the lines around it | 8 | 3% |
| Turn the image into plain words | 7 | 2% |
| What a phrase points back to | 3 | 1% |
Inference: what the passage must mean29 PYQs · 10%
| Concept | PYQs | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Must be true, not could be true | 16 | 6% |
| Numbered statements and true/not-true: test each one | 7 | 2% |
| Cut the option that goes beyond the passage | 6 | 2% |
Why-questions: the reason the passage gives28 PYQs · 10%
| Concept | PYQs | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Find the because-line, then match its paraphrase | 17 | 6% |
| The reason one step from the line | 8 | 3% |
| The real reason, not a true side-fact | 3 | 1% |
The whole passage: main idea, view, purpose and tone32 PYQs · 11%
| Concept | PYQs | Share |
|---|---|---|
| The author's view and advice | 11 | 4% |
| The main-idea test: it covers the whole passage | 8 | 3% |
| Tone and attitude words | 8 | 3% |
| Why the author mentions it: example, irony, device | 5 | 2% |
Sentence pairs: confirm, contrast, contradict or qualify20 PYQs · 7%
| Concept | PYQs | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Contradict or contrast: can both be true? | 8 | 3% |
| Qualify: S2 limits S1 without denying it | 7 | 2% |
| Confirm: S2 is evidence for S1 | 5 | 2% |
Sentence pairs: premise, extension, push-back, degree and word use30 PYQs · 10%
| Concept | PYQs | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Building on S1: expands, extends, analogy, restates | 8 | 3% |
| Pushing back: contradicts, contrasts, limits, qualifies | 7 | 2% |
| Degree words: fully, to an extent, reinforces, correlates | 6 | 2% |
| Is the underlined word right? Judge each sentence alone | 5 | 2% |
| Premise, reason, precursor, consequence: which came first | 4 | 1% |
Test yourself on Reading Comprehension
25 past CDS questions from this chapter, timed at 25 minutes and marked the way the exam marks it. You see your score and every answer the moment you finish. Free to start.