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CDS English · Teaching notes

Idioms and Phrases — CDS English

Idioms and Phrases has 165 past-year questions in CDS English, about ten a paper in 17 of the 20 sittings from 2017 to 2026. Only four idioms have ever been asked twice, so a list of old idioms will not carry you through the next paper. Start with the method: refuse the literal picture, then match every part of the meaning. The themed lists after it gather every idiom CDS has tested, grouped by what they describe, so you learn them in families rather than one by one.

Every subtopic, worked example, formula and trap in one printable document — answers shown, ready to share.

Subtopic notes

Formula & revision sheet

0 formulas · 18 reference tables · 68 gotchas across all subtopics — the exam-eve cheat-sheet

Idioms: how to decode one you have never seen

Reference tables (1)

Proverbs: state the moral as a rule9 rows
ProverbThe rule it statesWrong option to avoidAsked in
You snooze, you loseDo not hesitate; if you delay, you miss the chanceDon't take it lightly2018 (I)Q
You scratch my back, I'll scratch yoursDo me a favour and I will do one for youMutual understanding2018 (I)Q
A stitch in time saves nineFix a problem early, before it growsPoking at something repeatedly to rescue it2025 (I)Q
Many hands make light workWhen many people help, a job is done quicklyMany people together can light a new path2025 (II)Q
A bird in hand is worth two in the bushWhat you have is worth more than what you might getWhat can happen is better than what has happened2025 (II)Q
Let sleeping dogs lieLeave a quiet matter alone; stirring it may make things worseNot stoke a dangerous situation2025 (I)Q
The matter is quiet now, not dangerous. That is why 'do not interfere where it may make matters worse' beats 'do not stoke a dangerous situation'.
Fight fire with fireAnswer an opponent with the same force or methodAdd fuel to make the situation worse2025 (I)Q
Cast one's bread upon the watersDo good without expecting a rewardMisdirect one's efforts in life2025 (I)Q
A watched pot never boilsAnxious waiting makes time seem to pass slowlyFailure because of over-eagerness2024 (II)Q
Say the rule first. The option that gives the same advice, in any words, is the answer.

Watch out for (11)

Idioms for feelings and states of mind

Reference tables (4)

Anger, fear and disgust8 rows
IdiomMeaningWrong option to avoidAsked in
Have a conniption fitBecome very angry or upsetTo be very sad2019 (II)Q
Up in armsVery angry and ready to protestVery satisfied2021 (I)Q
Get the jittersFeel nervous and anxiousFeeling exposed2020 (II)Q
Live on your nervesBe anxious all the timeTo be steely nerved2026 (II)Q
Fall in a heapLose control of your feelings; break downTo be in control of one's feelings2019 (II)Q
Get under someone's skinAnnoy or irritate someone badlyTo understand someone completely2025 (II)Q
The phrase can also mean that someone fascinates you, which is why two options talk about love. Its usual meaning, and the answer, is to annoy.
Turn one's stomachMake someone feel sick with disgustBeing plagued by a stomach upset2025 (I)Q
The green-eyed monsterJealousyFeeling bad about happenings2020 (I)Q
All eight carry a negative charge, so a happy or calm option is never the answer here.
Joy, sorrow and surprise5 rows
IdiomMeaningWrong option to avoidAsked in
Be in seventh heavenBe extremely happyTo be extremely adventurous2019 (II)Q
With a heavy heartWith sadness and regretWith heavy weight2020 (II)Q
Live in a fool's paradiseBe happy only because you refuse to see how bad things areTo believe that things you want will happen2019 (I)Q
Raise eyebrowsCause or show surpriseCriticize2018 (I)Q
What a small world!What a coincidence (said on meeting someone you know in an unexpected place)What a narrow space2018 (I)Q
Understanding, belief and what lies beneath6 rows
IdiomMeaningWrong option to avoidAsked in
At seaConfused; not knowing what to doRelaxed2023 (II)Q
It's all Greek to meI cannot understand it at allSomething which I don't recognize2023 (II), 2026 (I)Q
Asked twice. Greek stands for a language you cannot read, so the point is understanding, not recognising or finding it foreign.
Over one's headToo hard for someone to understandBypassing authority secretly2026 (II)Q
'Go over someone's head' (go to a higher authority) is a different idiom.
I don't buy itI don't believe itI have no money2018 (I)Q
More than meets the eyeA hidden meaning or importance beyond what is obviousA beautiful spectacle before one's eyes2026 (I)Q
Life in the rawLife as it really is, hard and unpolishedLife at its easiest2021 (II)Q
Rest, health and looks6 rows
IdiomMeaningWrong option to avoidAsked in
Wind downRelax after a busy periodAct furiously after a period of silence2021 (I)Q
Mellow outRelax and take things easyWork hard and do a lot2021 (I)Q
Be out for the countBe deeply asleep (or knocked out)Counting money carefully2022 (I)Q
From boxing: a fighter who is down and cannot rise before the referee counts ten.
As right as rainFully well in body and mind againTo be physically active2023 (II)Q
Eat like a birdEat very littleEat fast2020 (I)Q
Spiff upMake yourself look neat and smartMake oneself look untidy2021 (I)Q

Watch out for (12)

Idioms for people and character

Reference tables (3)

Kinds of people7 rows
IdiomMeaningWrong option to avoidAsked in
A culture vultureSomeone very keen on art, music and literatureSomeone who defends ancient culture2019 (I)Q
A rotten appleOne bad person who spoils a good groupA disorganised person with bad habits2019 (I)Q
Blue bloodSomeone from a noble or very high-class familyTo suddenly become jealous2019 (I)Q
A shrinking violetA very shy personA lean person2019 (II)Q
A laughing stockSomeone everyone mocks for doing something foolishTo laugh at someone secretly2023 (I)Q
Like a shag on a rockCompletely aloneCompletely idle2019 (II)Q
A shag is a seabird often seen standing alone on a rock.
A paper tigerSomeone or something that looks powerful or threatening but is weakSomeone who acts like a tiger2020 (I), 2021 (II)Q
Asked twice. Paper looks like a tiger but cannot bite.
Courage, conviction and conscience6 rows
IdiomMeaningWrong option to avoidAsked in
Lily-liveredCowardly; not braveWeak2020 (I), 2026 (II)Q
Asked twice. The 2026 (II) paper spells it 'Lilly-livered'; the usual spelling is lily-livered.
Be a law unto yourselfAct in your own way, ignoring rules and what others expectAbide by law and order2021 (I)Q
Feet of clayA hidden fault in someone who is admiredSlow in actions2022 (I)Q
Dyed in the woolFirm and unchanging in your beliefsAdapting to conditions2025 (I)Q
The straight and narrowAn honest, moral way of lifeTo not deviate from one's goal2025 (I)Q
Bite the bulletAccept something unpleasant and face it bravelyTo be angry and unhappy2023 (I)Q
Deceit and self-interest11 rows
IdiomMeaningWrong option to avoidAsked in
Cook the booksFalsify an organisation's accountsTo tell a false story2019 (I)Q
Have an axe to grindHave a selfish aim or private motiveAn essential equipment for work2023 (I)Q
Change your tuneChange your opinion completely because it suits youTo pretend to be very friendly2019 (I)Q
Cupboard loveLove shown only to get somethingInnocent love2020 (II)Q
Feather your own nestMake money for yourself by dishonest meansMake one's lodgings comfortable2024 (I)Q
Under the tablePaid or received secretly and illegallyWorking undercover2021 (II)Q
Play possumPretend to be dead or asleepBehave in a stupid way2026 (I)Q
The possum, an animal, lies still and plays dead when it is attacked.
Sweep under the carpetHide a problem and hope it will be forgottenHide from general view2025 (II)Q
Pass the buckShift the blame or responsibility to someone elseTo refuse money2026 (II)Q
TurncoatSomeone who leaves one side to join the otherA truly dishonest person2021 (II)Q
Play to the gallerySay or do things just to win people's praiseTo do something alone2023 (I)Q

Watch out for (11)

Idioms for speaking, listening and taking a view

Reference tables (3)

Ways of speaking7 rows
IdiomMeaningWrong option to avoidAsked in
Verbal diarrhoeaTalking far too muchTo be sick2019 (I)Q
A double entendreA word or phrase with two meaningsSomething with both advantages and problems2019 (I)Q
Cut the crapA rude way to tell someone to stop saying untrue or useless thingsTo talk about something important2019 (I)Q
The gift of the gabThe ability to speak easily and confidentlyAbility to convince2023 (II)Q
Blow your own trumpetBoast about your own achievementsBe very loud in company2025 (II)Q
Mealy-mouthedNot brave enough to say things plainlyHabitually using harsh words2026 (I)Q
Spill the beansLet a secret outTo let food go waste2026 (II)Q
Opinions and decisions9 rows
IdiomMeaningWrong option to avoidAsked in
My two centsMy opinionMy money2018 (I)Q
Say your pieceSay what you thinkMake your argument piece by piece2021 (II)Q
Take a standState your view on something publicly and firmlyTo be firm on your work2020 (II)Q
Vote with your feetShow you do not support something by leaving or staying awayTo express a particular opinion2019 (I)Q
Sit on the fenceAvoid taking a side or a decisionTaking sides2023 (II)Q
The ball is in your courtIt is your turn to decide or actNot speaking directly about an issue2018 (I)Q
The pros and consThe good and bad points of somethingLike and dislike of a situation2020 (I)Q
A foregone conclusionA result that is certain before it happensAn obvious speculation2022 (I)Q
Play devil's advocateArgue against an idea, without really opposing it, to test itTo delay doing something2024 (II)Q
Listening and being talked about4 rows
IdiomMeaningWrong option to avoidAsked in
Pin back your earsListen carefullyKeep yourself from hearing bad things2021 (II)Q
Listen with half an earNot pay full attentionBeing impartial2025 (I)Q
Someone's ears are flappingSomeone is trying to overhear a private talkSomeone in a state of excitement2025 (II)Q
Someone's ears are burningSomeone feels that others are talking about themBeing jealous of others2025 (I)Q

Watch out for (10)

Idioms for trouble, risk, failure and success

Reference tables (3)

Trouble and making it worse10 rows
IdiomMeaningWrong option to avoidAsked in
A hot potatoAn issue so disputed or awkward that people avoid handling itSomeone who is very angry2018 (I), 2023 (I)Q
Asked twice. Like a hot potato in the hand, it is hard to hold and everyone wants to pass it on.
A Gordian knotA very difficult problemUndoable job2019 (II)Q
Difficult, not impossible: in the legend, Alexander the Great cut the knot.
Be in the soupBe in troubleTo be very healthy2023 (I)Q
Open a can of wormsStart something that leads to many new problemsTo create suspense about how things will turn out2026 (I)Q
The elephant in the roomAn obvious problem that everyone avoids talking aboutThe important topic2024 (I)Q
Be under a cloudBe under suspicionTo be filled with gloom2026 (I)Q
A turn of the screwAn act that makes a bad situation worseTo become unpopular2023 (I)Q
A twist of the knifeWords or acts that make someone who already feels bad feel worseThe last thrust of a difficult operation2025 (II)Q
Cut and runEscape a difficult situation by leaving suddenlyTo meet some danger suddenly2020 (II)Q
Be in the same boatBe in the same difficult situation as othersTo do something that is dangerous2024 (II)Q
Risk, failure and endings10 rows
IdiomMeaningWrong option to avoidAsked in
Sail close to the windDo something risky, close to being dangerous or illegalTo be in some unpleasant situation2019 (I)Q
Tread on eggshellsBe very careful in what you say and doMaking the best bets in one's trade2022 (I)Q
Also asked as 'walking on eggshells' in 2024 (I).
Nip in the budStop a small problem before it growsPrevent the big problems2019 (II)Q
A death blowAn event that makes something fail or endTo be nearly dead2019 (I)Q
Cut your own throatHarm your own interests by your own actionsTo behave in a relaxed manner2019 (I)
Be in eclipseBe less successful or less famous than beforeVery successful2021 (I)Q
Overplay your handSpoil your chances by being too confidentTo play card games for too long2026 (II)Q
Fall by the waysideDrop out of an effort before the endTo lose one's sense of direction2026 (II)Q
Put out to pastureRetire someone, or treat them as no longer usefulTo feed someone2025 (II)Q
An old farm horse that can no longer work is put out to pasture to graze.
The ship has sailedThe chance has passedThe matter is decided2024 (I)Q
Success and value7 rows
IdiomMeaningWrong option to avoidAsked in
The Holy GrailSomething very important that people try hard to getThe pious place of worship2018 (I)Q
The best of both worldsAll the advantages of two different things at onceSomeone whom everybody likes2018 (I)Q
The jewel in the crownThe most valuable part of somethingSomeone who has many skills2019 (I)Q
Rise to the occasionDeal well with a difficult situationTo celebrate a success in a difficult situation2020 (I)Q
Prime the pumpDo something to help an activity start or succeedTo do good things to succeed in life2020 (I)Q
A purple patchA period of great success or good formThe final bloom of the season2025 (II)Q
The world is your oysterYou have every chance to get what you want from lifeLife is a precious gift2025 (I)Q

Watch out for (10)

Idioms for effort, responsibility and money

Reference tables (2)

Effort and responsibility11 rows
IdiomMeaningWrong option to avoidAsked in
Step up to the plateTake responsibility; rise to a challengeTake control2018 (I)Q
Printed without 'to' in 2018 (I). The full idiom, from baseball, is 'step up to the plate'.
Roll your sleeves upGet ready for hard workTo prepare for wrestling2020 (II)Q
Strain every nerveTry as hard as you canTried half-heartedly2023 (II)Q
Work like a dogWork very hardTo work faithfully2026 (I)Q
Too many irons in the fireToo many tasks or plans at onceInvolvement in illegal activities2023 (II)Q
Have a finger in every pieBe involved in many different activitiesTo be familiar with the latest developments2026 (II)Q
Ways and meansMethods of getting something doneNorms and regulations2021 (I)Q
Hold the fortTake charge while the person responsible is awayBe present at the moment one is needed2026 (I)Q
Make heavy weather of somethingMake a task seem harder than it isComplain about rainy weather2025 (II)Q
Look to your laurelsWork harder to keep your positionTo guard one's trophies2024 (II)Q
Tilt at windmillsWaste effort fighting enemies or problems that are not realTo blow hot air2024 (II)Q
From the novel Don Quixote, whose hero attacks windmills, thinking they are giants.
Money and cost8 rows
IdiomMeaningWrong option to avoidAsked in
Cost an arm and a legBe very expensiveSevere punishment to someone2018 (I)Q
Cost a bombBe very expensiveTo be with rich people2020 (II)Q
Dirt cheapExtremely cheapVery cheap person2019 (II)Q
It describes a price. A 'cheap person' would be a mean one, which is a different idea.
Big ticketVery costlyVery easy2021 (I)Q
Feel the pinchHave less money than before and feel the hardshipBeing hurt by someone2022 (I)Q
Pay over the oddsPay more for something than it is worthTo get dividends for investments2023 (I)Q
A white elephantSomething that cost a lot but has no useful purposeSomeone completely good and honest2023 (I)Q
A banana republicA small, poor country with a weak governmentA poor country which produces bananas2020 (I)Q

Watch out for (7)

Idioms for time, company and comparison

Reference tables (2)

Time and timing6 rows
IdiomMeaningWrong option to avoidAsked in
Out of the blueUnexpectedlyUnbelievably2018 (I)Q
A bolt from the blueA sudden, unexpected event or piece of newsNews long expected that arrives late2021 (I)Q
Down the roadIn the futureIn the past2018 (I)Q
Around the cornerAbout to happen soonA thing at the end of a corner2020 (II)Q
At the drop of a hatAt once, without hesitationDoing something without much pressure2018 (I), 2021 (II)Q
Asked twice.
The dog daysThe hottest days of summerThe bitter days2020 (I)Q
Named after the Dog Star, Sirius, which rises with the sun in the hottest weeks.
Together, apart and compared10 rows
IdiomMeaningWrong option to avoidAsked in
Hand in gloveWorking very closely together (often in something wrong)Working separately2019 (II)Q
A match made in heavenA marriage or partnership likely to be very happyA marriage of convenience2019 (I)Q
Live in each other's pocketsSpend too much time togetherTo live by borrowing from each other2026 (I)Q
Close ranksUnite to defend a shared interestTo stop communicating with one's colleagues2026 (I)Q
Make one's peaceEnd a quarrelTo experience serenity2026 (II)Q
The feathers flyPeople quarrel or fight noisilyTo lead a carefree life2022 (I)Q
At somebody's elbowClose by, ready to helpTo be dominated by someone2022 (I)Q
Another kettle of fishA completely different matterSlightly different matter2023 (II)Q
Apples and orangesPeople or things too different to comparePeople who argue a lot2023 (I)Q
Everyone and his brotherA very large number of peopleAn individual and all his relatives2022 (I)Q

Watch out for (7)

PYQ weightage by concept

20 concepts · 165 PYQs — where the marks actually sit, so you know what to drill first

Idioms: how to decode one you have never seen29 PYQs · 18%
ConceptPYQsShare
Reject the literal picture106%
Match every part of the meaning106%
Proverbs: state the moral as a rule95%
Idioms for feelings and states of mind26 PYQs · 16%
ConceptPYQsShare
Anger, fear and disgust85%
Understanding, belief and what lies beneath74%
Rest, health and looks64%
Joy, sorrow and surprise53%
Idioms for people and character26 PYQs · 16%
ConceptPYQsShare
Deceit and self-interest117%
Kinds of people85%
Courage, conviction and conscience74%
Idioms for speaking, listening and taking a view20 PYQs · 12%
ConceptPYQsShare
Opinions and decisions95%
Ways of speaking74%
Listening and being talked about42%
Idioms for trouble, risk, failure and success28 PYQs · 17%
ConceptPYQsShare
Trouble and making it worse117%
Risk, failure and endings106%
Success and value74%
Idioms for effort, responsibility and money19 PYQs · 12%
ConceptPYQsShare
Effort and responsibility117%
Money and cost85%
Idioms for time, company and comparison17 PYQs · 10%
ConceptPYQsShare
Together, apart and compared106%
Time and timing74%

Test yourself on Idioms and Phrases

20 past CDS questions from this chapter, timed at 20 minutes and marked the way the exam marks it. You see your score and every answer the moment you finish. Free to start.

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